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Cladogram and Phylogenetic Tree Practice

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 6hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

2.

What is the common ancestor of Letters C and E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

3.

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

a)

Lutra lutra

b)

Panthera pardus

c)

Canis latrans

d)

Canis lupus

4.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

5.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
6.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
grasshopper
c)
perch
d)
frog
7.

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

a)

Raccoon

b)

Dog

c)

Giant Panda

d)

Sun Bear

8.

Each node on a cladogram represents...

a)

the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.

b)

the point at which one or more species became extinct.

c)

the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.

d)

the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.

9.

The cladogram shown is a model used by scientists to represent the order in which they hypothesize organisms descended from a common ancestor based on the appearance of derived characteristics.

Which of the following traits do the salamander and the lizard share?

a)

Jaws only

b)

Jaws and Lungs

c)

Claws or nails

d)

Jaws, Lungs, and Claws or nails

10.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

a)

Fish

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

11.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

12.

From the picture above, What do the species all have in common?

a)

Back bone

b)

Same father

c)

Common ancestor

d)

Feathers

13.

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

a)

Giant panda

b)

Dog

c)

Lesser panda

d)

Sun bear

14.

Which trait (adaptation) was developed most recently?

a)

tetrapod limbs

b)

feathers

c)

amnion

d)

They developed at the same time

15.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

16.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
17.

In a phylogenetic tree, the branching points represent common ancestors.

a)

Yes

b)

NO

18.

The lizard has all these derived characteristics EXCEPT

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Bipedal

19.
a)
Homologous
b)
Vesitigial
c)
Analogous
20.

Evolved from the same ancestor, but have different functions

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

All of the above

21.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

22.

Where is the alligator and T. rex's common ancestor?

a)

Point A

b)

Point B

c)

Point C

d)

Point D

23.

What do amphibians, birds, prosimians and humans all have in common? Check all that apply.

a)

Hair

b)

Endothermic

c)

Eukaryotic

d)

Tetrapod

e)

Vertebrate

24.

Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

25.

Which trait should go where A is on the cladogram?

a)

eyes

b)

feet

c)

lips

d)

hat

26.

This diagram showing evolutionary relationships between species connected by a common ancestor is called ____.

a)

Genetic Line

b)

Phylogenetic Tree

c)

Photographic Queue

d)

Future Babies

27.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

28.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

29.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
30.

According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?

a)

crayfish

b)

grasshopper

c)

perch

d)

frog

31.

In a phylogenetic tree, the branching points represent common ancestors.

a)

Yes

b)

NO

32.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

33.

Where do all organisms originate from?

a)
From the sky
b)
From the ground
c)

From a common ancestor

d)
From water
34.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

a)

Fish

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

35.

According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

a)

Bacteria & Archaea

b)

Archaea & Eukarya

c)

Eukarya & Bacteria

36.

Phylogenetic trees show...

a)

Evolutionary relationships between different species

b)

How one species has evolved through time

c)

Which species has evolved the most

d)

Which species have evolved from other species

37.

Based on the given cladogram, which organism is the outgroup?

a)

human

b)

chimpanzee

c)

gorilla

d)

orangutan

e)

gibbon

38.

Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to the polar bear?

a)

black bear

b)

european brown bear

c)

western north american brown bear

d)

asian brown bear

39.

Phylogeny is usually represented by a tree diagram called a _________ - _____

a)

Genetic Line

b)

Phylogenetic Tree

c)

Photographic Queue

d)

Future Babies

40.

In a phylogenetic tree, the branching points represent common ancestors.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

Which best describes traditional classification?

a)

It is based on shared characteristics.

b)

It is based on evolutionary relationships.

c)

It is called phylogenetic classification.

d)

It is called cladistics.

42.

Which best describes traditional classification?

a)

It is based on shared characteristics.

b)

It is based on evolutionary relationships.

c)

It is called phylogenetic classification.

d)

It is called cladistics.

43.

Which describes the modern classification system?

a)

based on evolutionary relationships

b)

called Linnaean classification

c)

based on similar appearances

d)

called Darwinian classification

44.

Why was modern classification invented?

a)

Traditional classification could not classify all living things.

b)

Scientists realized related organisms do not share similar characteristics.

c)

Scientists understood that species share a common ancestor.

d)

Modern classification is faster and easier to use.

45.

A scientist discovers a new organism that is related to clownfish. What can the scientist discover by using molecular clocks?

a)

the date that the organism first appeared in the fossil record

b)

the age of the organism

c)

the amount of time that the two species have been evolving apart

d)

the number of years that fish have existed

46.

Which best describes derived characteristics?

a)

They are newly evolved traits.

b)

They appear in all the ancestors.

c)

They appear at the end of each branch.

d)

They stem from primary characteristics.

47.

Phylogenetic trees are also called (a)   .

48.

In a cladogram, what occurs at a node?

a)

A derived trait appears.

b)

Evolution is stopped.

c)

An ancestor dies.

d)

The cladogram ends.

49.

If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about their relationship?

a)

They are not closely related.

b)

They share a common ancestor.

c)

They compete for resources.

d)

One organism evolved into the other organism.

50.

According to the cladogram, which organisms are in the smallest clade with birds?

a)

crocodiles

b)

primates

c)

rodents and rabbits

d)

sharks

51.

Dr. Digger, a paleontologist, finds a fossil that he describes in his journal.


The creature was approximately 1 meter long, with its backbone fused into a large shell covering the body cavity. It had a beaklike mouth, without teeth, and all four limbs were in the form of flippers.


Based on anatomical similarities, to which modern animal is Dr. Digger’s creature most closely related?

a)

zebra

b)

bony fish

c)

sea turtle

d)

snake

52.

A scientist is trying to determine how closely related a moth species is to four other moth species. He examined the DNA of each species and compared it to the study subject. He then created this table.

Which species is most closely related to the original moth species?

a)

species A

b)

species B

c)

species C

d)

species D

53.

Josiah says this is a phylogenetic tree of the dinosaurs. Maleek says it is a cladogram of the dinosaurs. Who is correct?

a)

Josiah is correct.

b)

Maleek is correct.

c)

Both are correct.

d)

Neither is correct.

54.

According to the tree, which primates share the most recent common ancestor with humans?

a)

gorillas

b)

chimpanzees

c)

bonobos and chimpanzees

d)

bonobos and gorillas

55.

Julia is trying to place a duckbilled platypus, lizard, bear, and monkey on a phylogenetic tree. She learns that the duckbilled platypus, bear, and monkey are classified as mammals. She also learns that mammals share a common ancestor with reptiles. Which additional piece of information will be most helpful to Julia to properly build her phylogenetic tree?

a)

The platypus has fur like other mammals.

b)

The platypus does not have feathers like a bird.

c)

The platypus lays eggs like a reptile.

d)

The platypus does not have fins like a fish.

56.

According to the cladogram, which organisms have roundworms as a common ancestor?

a)

mollusks and flatworms

b)

sponges and chordates

c)

flatworms, sponges, and cnidarians

d)

mollusks, echinoderms, chordates, and annelids

57.

Which group of organisms has the derived characteristics of true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom?

a)

sponges

b)

roundworms

c)

annelids

d)

chordates

58.

In a phylogenetic tree, the branching points represent common ancestors.

a)

Yes

b)

NO

59.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

60.

What is the common ancestor of Letters C and E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

61.

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

a)

Lutra lutra

b)

Panthera pardus

c)

Canis latrans

d)

Canis lupus

62.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

63.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
64.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
grasshopper
c)
perch
d)
frog
65.

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

a)

Raccoon

b)

Dog

c)

Giant Panda

d)

Sun Bear

66.

All bacteria is

a)

prokaryotic and mulitcellular

b)

eukaryotic and multicellullar

c)

prokaryotic and unicellular

d)

eukaryotic and unicellular

67.
This domain is characterized by ancient bacteria that can live in extreme environments, such as volcanoes.
a)
Archaea
b)
Bacteria
c)
Eukarya
d)
Prokarya
68.
This domain contains organisms that have a true nucleus in each of their cells. This domain breaks down into four kingdoms.
a)
Animalia
b)
Archaea
c)
Bacteria
d)
Eukarya
69.

Which kingdoms are prokaryotes?

a)

Kingdom Eubacteria

b)

Kingdom Archaebacteria

c)

Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Plantae

d)

Both Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

70.
Which is TRUE about the members of the domain Bacteria?
a)
They are multicellular.
b)
They are prokaryotes.
c)
They are only heterotrophic.
d)
The cell walls always contain peptidoglycans.
71.
Which applies to members of the kingdom FUNGI?
a)

They are heterotrophs and reproduce by spores

b)
They have no cell walls or chloroplasts
c)
They include slime molds and giant kelp
d)
They include mosses and ferns
72.
What are the three domains?
a)
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eubacteria
b)
Archaea, Protists, and Eubacteria
c)
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
d)
Archaea, Fungi, Animalia
73.

Heterotrophs

a)

make their own food

b)

get their food from others

c)

are fungi

d)

none of the above

74.

Autotrophs

a)

Make their own food

b)

Get their food from others

c)

are Fungi

d)

are none of the above

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