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Pre AP biology review questions

Total questions: 89

Worksheet time: 6hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
2.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
3.
What type of symbiosis?  Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.  
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
4.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
5.
A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
6.
When a mosquito bites you, you are the __________ and the mosquito is the  ____________.
a)
host, hostess
b)
parasite, host
c)
host, parasite
d)
prey, predator
7.

Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

8.
A tapeworm needs to eat food that is already digested, so it lives in the intestines of a dogfish shark and derives nourishment from the shark. As a result of the tape worm infestation, the shark is weakened and more vulnerable to disease and predation. 
a)
Parasitism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutualism
9.
The siboglinid tube worm, found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps,has no digestive tract. It relies on symbiotic bacteria that live in the tube worm’s tissues. The bacteria oxidize hydrogen sulfide or methane for the worm.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
10.
A cymothoid isopod lives inside the mouth of a snapper fish. The isopod severs blood vessels in the fish’s tongue, causing the tongue to atrophy and degenerate.The isopod then hooks its pereopods, or legs, to the base of the fish’s tongue,essentially replacing the tongue. The isopod stays there for the rest of its life, feeding on blood, mucus, and stray pieces of food from the fish.
a)
Commensalism
b)
Parasitism
c)
Mutualism
11.
What is the study of the interactions among organisms and  between organisms and their environments called?
a)
Biology
b)
Ecology
c)
Astronomy
d)
Biosphere
12.
The direction of the flow of energy in a food web is represented by ___.
a)
Light bulbs
b)
Dotted Lines
c)
Arrows
d)
Bubbles
13.
Which of these is an example of an autotroph?
a)
Sunflower
b)
Krill
c)
Leopard
d)
Hummingbird
14.
What does every food chain start with?
a)
producers
b)
sun
c)
consumer
d)
decomposers
15.
Which of the following is NOT a consumer
a)
grass
b)
dog
c)
shark
d)
fish
16.
A frog eats a fly. The frog and fly are demonstrating ________.
a)
mutualism
b)
competition
c)
predator/prey
d)
parasitism
17.
What percentage of energy is passed on to each tropic level?
a)
10%
b)
50%
c)
90%
d)
100%
18.

What level consumer is the deer?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

producer

19.
These mushroom are heterotrophs and must therefore get nutrients from other organic matter. Mushroom aslo act as ____________________ in many food webs.
a)
Herbivore
b)
Decomposer
c)
Carnivore
d)
Omnivore
20.
What are plants called in a food chain?
a)
Producers
b)
Consumers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Scavengers
21.
What are animals called in a food chain?
a)
Producers
b)
Consumers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Plants
22.
What is the role of a producer?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Gain energy from eating other organisms
c)
Keep other species from overpopulating
d)
Breaking down dead stuff 
23.
What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?
a)
Use sunlight to make food
b)
Eat other organisms to gain energy
c)
Make the food for the whole food chain
d)
Break down dead organisms and add nutrients to the soil
24.
Which of these organisms would receive energy from the snake?
a)
Plant
b)
Rabbit
c)
Mouse
d)
Hawk
25.
Which food chain is in the correct order?
a)
cat, grass, bird, snail
b)
bird, snail, grass, cat
c)
grass, snail, bird, cat
d)
grass, cat, bird, snail
26.
Molds, bacteria, and worms are ________.
a)
decomposers
b)
producers
c)
consumers
d)
food chains
27.
In this image, the grass is the ______________.
a)
Primary Consumer
b)
Secondary Consumer
c)
Heterotroph
d)
Producer
28.
An organism, like bacteria, that breaks down dead plant or animal matter and releases their nutrients back into the soil is called:
a)
Omnivores
b)
Herbivores
c)
Decomposers
d)
Carnivores
29.
The primary consumer in this food chain is the ____________.
a)
Frog
b)
Eagle
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Python
30.
Which of the animals in this food web is a secondary consumer?
a)
Hawk
b)
Lizard
c)
Mouse
d)
Snake
31.
Which animal is a tertiary consumer?
a)
Jackal
b)
Wild Cat
c)
Lion
d)
Owl
32.

What level consumer is the deer?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

producer

33.
Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?
a)
Hawk
b)
Spider
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Shrew
34.
These mushroom are heterotrophs and must therefore get nutrients from other organic matter. Mushroom aslo act as ____________________ in many food webs.
a)
Herbivore
b)
Decomposer
c)
Carnivore
d)
Omnivore
35.
An environmental change that removed which of these organisms from the ecosystem would cause the most instability in the ecosystem?
a)
Auklets
b)
Foxes
c)
Salmon
d)
Zooplankton
36.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
37.

A decreases in the grass population will most immediately decrease the available energy for the

a)

snake

b)

deer

c)

mouse

d)

frog

38.

Different students drew illustrations of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

Which student is most accurate?

a)

Student 1

b)

Student 2

c)

Student 3

d)

Student 4

39.

When water used to cool machinery is retured to a river, it raises the river’s water temperature. This causes a sharp decline in small invertebrate populations. Based on the food web, a likely consequence of this change would be

a)

(1) An increase in the number of clams

b)

(2) An increase in the number of crabs

c)

(3) A decrease in the number of water plants

d)

(4) A decrease in the number of crayfish

40.

Organism's role, or job, in its habitat (what it eats, what eats it, when and how it reproduces)

a)

Niche

b)

Habitat

c)

Community

d)

Population

41.

The top predator in an ecosystem

a)

Apex Predator

b)

Prey

c)

Producer

d)

Primary consumer

42.

A diagram that shows the biomass of organisms at each trophic level

a)

Ecological pyradmid

b)

Food chain

c)

Food web

d)

Carnivores

43.

Why are there rarely more than three or four trophic levels in any food chain?

a)

because there is not enough land for the organisms to live

b)

because there is not enough energy for higher trophic levels

c)

because humans prevent more than three or four levels

d)

because there is not enough solar energy

44.

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

a)

Producer - autotroph

b)

Consumer - heterotroph

c)

Primary consumer - producer

d)

Secondary consumer - omnivore

e)

Tertiary consumer - carnivore

45.

If the wildflowers have 8452 kcal of energy, how many kcal of energy is available to the snake?

a)

8452

b)

845.2

c)

84.52

d)

8.452

e)

0.8452

46.

How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? For example, how much energy is transferred from plants to herbivores.

a)

0%

b)

1%

c)

50%

d)

10%

e)

100%

47.

As you move from the bottom of the energy pyramid to the the top, or the apex, the amount of energy

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

remains the same

48.

If the mouse population becomes sick and decreases, which statement about the food web will be true?

a)

The grass population will decrease.

b)

The hawk population will increase.

c)

The grass population will increase.

d)

The wildflower population will decrease.

49.

Which level of an energy pyramid has the largest populations of organisms?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumers

c)

Secondary consumers

d)

Tertiary Consumers

50.

If only 10% of the energy in the pyramid is available as you move from one trophic level to the next, what happens to the other 90%?

a)

Passed on to decomposers

b)

Metabolized and "lost" as heat energy and waste

c)

Assembled into tissues of producers permanently

d)

False statement - 100% of the energy is available

51.

If the average Bluefin Tun weighs 20 pounds, how many pounds of secondary consumers are needed in the third trophic level to support it?

a)

20 pounds

b)

200 pounds

c)

2,000 pounds

d)

20,000 pounds

52.

In a food web the arrow always points to

a)

the consumer

b)

the prey

c)

producer

d)

autotroph

53.

The number of organisms at the top of the energy pyramid are usually smaller because the hawk

a)

needs more energy

b)

has more predators

c)

have more offspring

d)

eat producers

54.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
55.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
56.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
57.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the _______ as carbon dioxide
a)
water
b)
atmosphere
c)
sun
d)

ocean

58.
What does NOT produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
59.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
60.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
61.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
62.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
63.
If the plant population decreased, the amount of carbon would _________.
a)
Stay the same
b)
Increase
c)
Decrease
64.
What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 
a)
They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
b)
They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
c)
Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
They recycle energy back to the sun
65.

How do animals get carbon?

a)

By eating plants and or other animals.

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere.

c)

From the ground

d)

They do not get carbon from anywhere.

66.
During photosynthesis, carbon is moved from which reservoir to which reservoir?
a)
From the atmosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
b)
From the troposphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
c)
From the lithosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
d)
From the hydrosphere to the terrestrial biosphere
67.

How does carbon in a grass plant get into a lion?

a)

The lion eats an antelope that ate the grass

b)

Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion.

c)

The lion absorbs the carbon given off by transpiration

d)

The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant

68.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
69.
Why do all organisms need nitrogen?
a)
To live and grow 
b)
To build phosphorus
c)
To make oxygen levels grow
d)
To help blood circulate better
70.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lives in nodules on the root of a plant called
a)
Broccoli
b)
Legumes
c)
Beats
d)
Carrots
71.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
only through action of bacteria
b)
only through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
72.
Organisms that need nitrogen to survive
a)
only plants
b)
only animals
c)
only bacteria
d)
all living organisms
73.

How does carbon become locked inside the earth?

a)

Tree roots expel carbon into the soil as they grow.

b)

Humans use machines to pump carbon dioxide into large underground rocks.

c)

Rocks become richer in carbon as time goes by.

d)

The carbon-rich bodies of plants and animals decay into the earth after they die.

74.

What is the role of denitrifying bacteria

a)

change nitrate back into nitrogen gas

b)

change nitrogen gas into nitrate

c)

absorb carbon dioxide in the soil

d)

release oxygen gas into the atmosphere

75.

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

a)

Sun+water+co2=o2+sugar

b)

sun+photosynthesis

c)

O2+sugar=water+co2+energy

76.
Organisms that convert fixed nitrogen back into nitrogen gas and release nitrogen gas back into atmosphere...
a)
 denitrifying bacteria
b)
fungi
c)
maggots 
d)
all of the above
77.
The process where excess nutrients enter a body of water causing overgrowth of aquatic plants and algae...
a)
Eutrophication
b)
Acid Precipitation
c)
Nitrogen Fixation
d)
Decomposition
78.
What is an example of a legume?
a)
strawberries
b)
carrots
c)
peanuts
d)
corn
79.

.

Only special bacteria can directly use nitrogen in our atmosphere and “fix” it so other organisms can benefit. These bacteria are called _______________________bacteria.

a)

Nitrogen -fixing

b)

Photosynthetic

c)

Aerobic

d)

Anaerobic

80.

_______________ bacteria in the soil can break down the ammonia into the gaseous form of nitrogen, which is not available for use by plants or animals.

a)

denitrifying

b)

antropogensis

c)

fixation

d)

photosynthetic

81.

select the letter that is described

waste and decay of organic matter

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

82.
Nitrification happens in the ______
a)
Air 
b)
Soil 
c)
Ground Water 
d)
Plants 
83.

What is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia?

a)

Nitrogen Fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Denitrification

d)

Assimilation

84.
What happens when organisms die and decay? 
a)
Their bodies are lifted up
b)
Their nitrogen returns to the soil
c)
they keep their nitrogen
d)
They stay on earth forever
85.

Plants and animals get most of their nitrogen directly from the air.

a)
True
b)
False
86.

What is the process where bacteria turns Nitrogen gas from the atmospheres into usable compounds?

a)

nitrogen composition

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonia

d)

denitrification

87.

Plants use nitrogen to make what compound?

a)

bacteria

b)

animals

c)

proteins

d)

decomposers

88.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

89.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

legumes

d)

all living things

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