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Anatomy Cells Exam

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 2hrs 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Spinal cord injuries are difficult to treat because damaged nerce cells do not regenerate. Which of the following most accurately explains why damaged nerve cells no longer regenerate?

a)

Mature nerve cells are in a resting state(Go), the no longer divide during mitosis

b)

Nerve damage disrupts the cell cycle at the G1 phase

c)

Nerve damage disrupts the cell cycle at the S phase

d)

Nerve damage prevents centrioles from being synthesized

2.

During which stage of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide?

a)

interphase

b)

mitosis

c)

endocytosis

d)

cytokinesis

3.

Which statement below desribes the events during G2 of Interphase?

a)

The cell grows, develops, and makes new proteins

b)

The DNA replicates to form a new set of identical chromosomes

c)

The cell grows, makes new organelles, and prepares for mitosis

d)

the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope disintegrates

4.

Which stage of the cell cycle is MOST critical for ensuring that daughter cells are identical?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

Prophase

d)

G2

5.

Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Duplication

6.

Select all stages of interphase?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

7.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell split into two?

a)

Mitosis

b)

G1

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

S

8.
Put the following actions in order: DNA replicates, cell grows, cell divides, cell prepares for mitosis. 
a)
DNA replicates, cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
b)
cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, DNA replicates, cell divides
c)
cell grows, DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
d)
DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell grows, cell divides
9.

What does DNA replication mean?

a)

DNA is made.

b)

DNA makes new cells.

c)

DNA copies itself.

d)

DNA starts the cell cycle.

10.

the division of the cytoplasm is called

a)

mitosis

b)

interphase

c)

cytokinesis

d)

somatic

11.

What is the division of the nucleus called?

a)

chromosome

b)

mitotic phase

c)

cytokinesis

d)

the cell cycle

12.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
13.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
14.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
15.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
16.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
17.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
18.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)
T-A, G-C
19.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

20.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

21.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

22.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

23.

mRNA occurs during this process

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Delivery

24.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

25.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
26.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
27.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
28.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
29.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
30.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

31.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

32.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

33.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

34.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

35.
A process where one cell forms two identical daughter cells is called...
a)
cell cycle
b)
cell division (mitosis)
c)
interphase
d)
cytokinesis
36.
The cell cycle is ______________.
a)
the process of cells circling throughout the body
b)
the process of splitting the organelles
c)
a process where one cell gets energy
d)
the sequence of stages of growth and division that a cell undergoes
37.
During interphase the cell ___________.
a)
divides into two cells
b)
divides its nucleus
c)
replicates its DNA
d)
replicates the organelles within the cell
38.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
DeNatured Acid
b)
DomiNant Acid
c)
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
d)
DiriboNucleic Acid
39.
Replication is when __________.
a)
the cell makes a copy of its DNA in nucleus 
b)
the cell forms 2 identical cells
c)
the cell produces 2 sets of organelles
d)
the cell continues to complete the same function
40.
Where does replication occur within the cell?
a)
in the cytoplasm
b)
in the nucleus 
c)
in the ribosome
d)
in the chromatin
41.
After interphase is completed the cell moves into the next stage of the cell cycle called _________.
a)
anaphase
b)
cytokinesis
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
42.
Mitosis is made up of how many phases?
a)
4
b)
5
c)
6
d)
7
43.
The genetic material that has the instructions for how the cell is to be run is called the _________.
a)
nucleus
b)
chromatin
c)
chromatid
d)
carbohydrate
44.
What is one half or one rod of the condensed chromatin called?
a)
DNA
b)
chromatin
c)
chromatid
d)
chromosome
45.
What is the  two daughter strands of replicated chromatin that are condensed into two rod shaped structures and connected by a centromere called?
a)
DNA
b)
chromatin
c)
chromatid
d)
chromosome
46.
The following describes __________ during mitosis. The chromatin condenses and spindle fibers form at each side of the cell. The nuclear membrane breaks apart.
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
47.
The following describes ________  during mitosis. The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere.
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
48.
The following describes _________ during mitosis. The spindle fiber splits the centromere and the chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
49.
What is the correct term for "the sequence of stages of growth and division that a cell undergoes"?
a)
cell
b)
cell cycle
c)
cell plate
d)
centriole
50.
What is the correct term for "the basic building block of all living organisms"?
a)
cell
b)
cell cycle
c)
cell plate
d)
centriole
51.
What is the correct term for "form during prophase of mitosis and attach to chromosomes at the centromere to pull them apart during cell division"?
a)
centriole
b)
nucleus
c)
spindle fibers
d)
cytokinesis
52.

The following describes _________ during mitosis. Two new nuclei form, chromosomes are no longer visible, and the spindle fibers disappear.

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

53.

The cell spends most of it's life in...

a)

interphase

b)

G2

c)

cytokinesis

d)

metaphase

54.

Last stage of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides to form two identical cells.

a)

interphase

b)

cytokinesis

c)

prophase

d)

telophase

55.

Why do stomach cells function differently than skin cells?

a)

They contain entirely different DNA

b)

They use different genes in the DNA

56.

_________ _________ are a special type of body cell that can develop into different types of cells.

(a)  

57.

What is cell differentiation?

a)

Process by which cells produce MORE cells.

b)

Process by which cells become UNSPECIALIZED

c)

Process by with cells become SPECIALIZED

d)

Process by which cells become old and DIE

58.

What is one goal of cellular differentiation?

a)

To create many identical copies of cells.

b)

To make stem cells for use in the future.

c)

To make single-celled organisms.

d)

To make specialized cells to maintain homeostasis.

59.

Your red blood cells are a type of

a)

Specialized cell

b)

Embryonic stem cell

c)

Adult stem cell

d)

Induced stem cell

60.

Why are your muscle cells different from your nerve cells?

a)

muscle and nerve cells have different DNA, different genes

b)

muscle and nerve cells have the same DNA (same genes) but different genes are turned on

c)

muscle and nerve cells began with the same DNA (same genes) but some different genes were destroyed by each cell type

d)

muscle cells are not different from nerve cells, they are the same

61.

Unspecialized cells in our body that has the ability to differentiate into different types of cells are called

a)

specialized cells

b)

differentiated cells

c)

nerve cells

d)

stem cells

62.

Which of the following best describes stem cells?

a)

Cells that have already differentiated

b)

Cells that cannot undergo cell division

c)

Cells that have been mutated

d)

Original human cells that are able to develop into specialized cells

63.
The skin cell and hair cell contain different sets of DNA. And that is why they are different cells.
a)
True
b)
False
64.
Nerve cells have different DNA from hair and skin cells in your body.
a)
True
b)
False
65.
Hair cell and nerve cell have identical DNA. The DNA is changed in skin cell to perform a specific function such as protection.
a)
True
b)
False
66.

Specialized cells such as muscle, blood, or nerve cells are caused by cell differentiation led by

a)

DNA

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosomes

d)

plasma membrane

67.

Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium are microscopic organisms and they are called

a)

multi-cellular organism

b)

unicellular organism

c)

eukaryotes

d)

prokaryotes

68.

Plants, animals and fungi are composed of many cells working together. They are called

a)

multicellular organism

b)

unicellular organism

c)

cell differentiation

d)

cell diversity

69.

Cells in our body that send messages back and forth around our bodies are called

a)

muscle cells

b)

nerve cells

c)

organelles

d)

DNA

70.

What causes cells in our bodies to do different things?

a)

DNA

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosomes

d)

plasma membrane

71.

Cells differentiate to perform different functions because

a)

all genes are turned on inside that cell

b)

all genes are turned off inside that cell

c)

different genes are turned on inside that cell

d)

different genes are turned on or off inside that cell

72.

During the process of differentiation

a)

all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

b)

ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

c)

only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

73.

There are about 200 cells in the human body. All these cells have the same DNA. True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

c)

maybe

d)

it depends upon the type

74.

Unspecialized cells in our body that has the ability to differentiate into different types of cells are called

a)

specialized cells

b)

differentiated cells

c)

nerve cells

d)

stem cells

75.

Multicellular organism begin as one cell to undifferentiated masses of cells and ultimately have different type of cells due to

a)

different DNA

b)

deactivated DNA

c)

gene expression in specific parts of DNA

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