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Macromolecules ,pH, Properties of Water - Biology

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
2.

Which macromolecule is shown?

a)

lipid

b)

protein

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrate

3.
Carbohydrates are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
4.

Lipids are made primarily of... 

a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
5.

Each amino acid in a protein is made of... 

a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
6.
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
a)
insulation
b)
structure for tissues and organs
c)
speed up chemical reactions
d)
transport things through cell membrane
7.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
8.
What type of macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
9.

This molecule is classified as___________________.

a)

Triglyceride

b)

protein

c)

monosaccharide

d)

polysaccharide

10.

The diagram illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms.


What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?

a)

hormone

b)

enzyme

c)

antibody

d)

inorganic compound

11.

The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph.


The optimum temperature for the action of this enzyme is approximately

a)

50 C

b)

22 C

c)

37 C

d)

15 C

12.

What does letter "C" represent in the diagram?

a)

Active Site

b)

Enzyme

c)

Substrate

d)

Products

13.

What does letter "B" represent in the diagram?

a)

enzyme

b)

substrate

c)

active site

d)

enzyme/substrate complex

14.

Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell. Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?

a)

reducing the activation energy

b)

reducing the number of products

c)

increasing the temperature of the cell

d)

increasing the concentration of reactants

15.

Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic substances that repel water. The birds use these substances to coat their feathers. An analysis of these substances would reveal that they are composed mostly of

a)

nucleic acids.

b)

proteins.

c)

carbohydrates.

d)

lipids.

16.

Macromolecules are formed by a process called polymerization, in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.

The smaller units, or _____, join together to form _____.

a)

polymers, monomers

b)

monomers, polymers

c)

molecules, atoms

d)

cells, molecules

17.

Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are

a)

water, vitamins, minerals, air

b)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

c)

sunlight, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and glucose

d)

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

18.

Which macromolecule do living things use as their main source of energy?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

19.

Single sugar molecules are called _____.

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

triglycerides

d)

polysaccharides

20.

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are called _____.

a)

disaccharides

b)

triglycerides

c)

polysaccharides

d)

glucose

21.

Plants store excess sugar as starch. Many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called _____.

a)

glucose

b)

protein

c)

glycogen

d)

amino acid

22.

Which macromolecule is used to store energy and makes up a large portion of cell membranes?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

23.

A lipid molecule is composed of

a)

monosaccharides and disaccharides

b)

a glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid chains

c)

nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base)

d)

amino acids

24.

Which macromolecule is used to store and transmit hereditary/genetic information?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

25.

Nucleic acids are composed of monomers called _____.

a)

starch

b)

glycerol

c)

DNA

d)

nucleotides

26.

Proteins are composed of monomers called _____.

a)

monosaccharides

b)

glycerol molecule

c)

nucleotides

d)

amino acids

27.

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

a)

1 to 5

b)

7 to 14

c)

2 to 8

d)

0 to 6

28.

What is buffering capacity in water and why is it important?

a)

Ability to increase changes in pH; important for maintaining unstable pH levels

b)

Ability to resist changes in temperature; important for maintaining stable temperature levels

c)

Ability to resist changes in pH; important for maintaining stable pH levels

d)

Inability to resist changes in pH; important for maintaining stable pH levels

29.

Discuss the impact of pH on biological processes.

a)

Biological processes are not influenced by pH

b)

pH has no impact on biological processes

c)

pH only affects non-essential biological functions

d)

pH can affect the structure and function of enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules, impacting biological processes such as metabolism, cell signaling, and gene expression.

30.

If a substance has a pH less than 7, it is

a)

neutral

b)

acidic

c)

basic

d)

water

31.

If a substance has a pH more than 7, it is

a)

neutral

b)

acidic

c)

basic

d)

water

32.

When water is attracted to other water molecules, this is known as

a)

covalent bonding

b)

electron sharing

c)

adhesion

d)

cohesion

33.

When water is attracted to non-polar molecules, this is known as

a)

covalent bonding

b)

electron sharing

c)

adhesion

d)

cohesion

34.

What is an enzyme?

a)

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions

b)

A protein that breaks apart molecules

c)

A protein needed for cell structure

d)

A neurological protein involved in cell signaling

35.

What is activation energy

a)

The energy released after chemical reactions

b)

The energy required to activate an enzyme

c)

Energy absorbed by chemical reactions

36.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
37.
In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the
a)
catalyst.
b)
product.
c)
substrate.
d)
active site. 
38.
Which of the factors does NOT affect enzymatic activity?
a)
Temperature
b)
pH
c)
Concentration
d)
Color
39.
An enzyme is a catalyst.
a)
True
b)
False
40.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
41.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
42.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
43.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
44.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
45.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
46.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
47.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
48.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-5
d)
1-20
49.
A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7
a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
50.
Bleach is a strong base, what is the pH level of bleach?
a)
13
b)
14
c)
1
d)
2
51.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
52.
What two elements make up water?
a)
Helium and oxygen
b)
Hydrogen and oxygen
c)
helium and carbon
d)
oxygen and carbon
53.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
54.
Why does ice float?
a)
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
b)
As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
c)
As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
d)
As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
55.
Water is a universal solvent because it...
a)
It can be found anywhere
b)
It freezes when it gets cold
c)
floats when frozen
d)
Dissolves most substances
56.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to dissolve in water?
a)
nonpolar fats and oils
b)
polar sugar molecules
c)
salt made of a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion
d)
all of the substances will dissolve easily in water
57.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water has a high heat capacity.
d)
 Water acts as a buffer.
58.
 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
59.
The tightness across the surface of water that enables paper clips to float is ____________.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
surface tension
d)
polarity
60.
Which statement explains why water molecules stick together?
a)
both sides are negative
b)
one side has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge
c)
one side has a negative charge adn the other side has a neutral charge
d)
both sides are positive
61.
When a molecule has an opposite electrical charge on each end, it is known as what?
a)
cohesion
b)
polar molecule
c)
hydrogen bond
d)
solution
62.
Tomato juice has a pH of 4. Determine if it's an acid, base, or neutral. 
a)
acid
b)
base
c)
neutral 
63.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius is called...

a)

polar molecule

b)

capillary action

c)

surface tension

d)

specific heat

64.

Glucose is an example of a

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

65.
The word saccharide means:
a)
sugar
b)
glucose
c)
sweetener
d)
carbohydrate
66.

Important to the structural integrity of plant cells, this is the single most abundant polysaccharide in the world.

a)

Starch

b)

Glycogen

c)

Cellulose

d)

Chitin

67.

What kind of macromolecule is hemoglobin?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

68.

The parts of a nucleotide are:

a)

nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate group

b)

DNA, RNA, ATP

c)

nitrogenous base, ATP, glucose

d)

nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group

69.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
70.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
71.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
72.

What is one of the functions of lipids?

a)

Storing genetic information

b)

Long Term Energy

c)

Short Term Energy

d)

Acting as chemical signals

73.

What is the function of nucleic acids?

a)

Short Term Energy

b)

Storing Genetic Information

c)

Long Term Energy

d)

Speeding Up Chemical Reactions

74.

Which of the following elements are found in all macromolecules? (Select all that apply).

a)
b)
c)
d)
75.

Nucleic acids make up which of the two molecules listed below?

a)

FDA

b)

RNA

c)

DNA

d)

FDR

76.
What is the function of glycogen?
a)
carb storage in plants
b)
carb storage in animals
c)
make up cell walls
d)
it's an enzyme
77.
What is the function of starch?
a)
carb storage in plants
b)
carb storage in animals
c)
makes up cell walls
d)
it's an enzyme

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