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Biology Final Fall Exam Review

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is one similarity between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

a)

Both cells have a cell wall

b)

Both cells have mitochondria

c)

Both cells are complex

d)

Both cells have ribosomes (Protein factories)

2.

What role do lipids have in the cell? Recall that lipids are oils/fats.

a)

to provide structure

b)

to provide short term memory

c)

to create cell structure

d)

to synthesize amino acids

3.

Which macromolecule is made up of nucleotides?

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

4.

Which macromolecule is used for quick energy and includes sugars and starches?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic Acids

5.

Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and is involved in growth and repair of muscle?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

6.

Which macromolecule is responsible for creating cell structure and includes fatty,waxy, or oily compounds?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

7.

Which one of the cells is eukaryotic?

a)

The cell that contains cytoplasm

b)

The cell that contains ribosomes

c)

The cell that contains a nucleus

d)

The cell that does not contain a nucleus

8.

What process is represented by this chemical equation?

a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

Combustion

c)

Citric Acid Cycle

d)

Photosynthesis

9.

What process is represented by this chemical equation?

a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

Combustion

c)

Citric Acid Cycle

d)

Photosynthesis

10.

True or False: Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, not animals.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

True or False: Cellular Respiration occurs in both plants and animals.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

What are the main reactants in the photosynthesis equation?

a)

Oxygen and glucose

b)

Carbon dioxide and water

c)

Glucose and sunlight

d)

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

13.

What are the primary products of photosynthesis?

a)

Glucose and oxygen

b)

Water and carbon dioxide

c)

Glucose and carbon dioxide

d)

Oxygen and sunlight

14.

What are the main reactants in the cellular respiration equation?

a)

Glucose and oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide and water

c)

Glucose and sunlight

d)

Oxygen and glucose

15.

What are the primary products of cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose and oxygen

b)

Water and carbon dioxide

c)

Oxygen and glucose

d)

Carbon dioxide and sunlight

16.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of active transport in cells?

a)

A plant root absorbing water from the soil through osmosis.

b)

A cell taking in glucose from the bloodstream against its concentration gradient.

c)

A red blood cell releasing carbon dioxide into the lungs.

d)

A cell exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration.

17.

Which part of the diagram supplies the energy needed for active transport in the cell?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

18.

True or False: Osmosis is the the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Which type of diffusion requires a special protein to assist in the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?

a)

Simple diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

20.

Below is an image of a typical bacterial cell. Which three cellular components are present in ALL cells?

a)

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane), Nucleus, and Cytoplasm

b)

Cytoplasm, Flagellum, and Ribosomes

c)

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane), Ribosomes, and DNA

d)

DNA, Ribosomes, and Capsule

21.

True or False: Viruses are classified as living organisms and categorized as prokaryotic cells.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the similarities or differences between viruses and cells?

Select TWO correct answers:

a)

A. Viruses and cells both have a form of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA.

b)

B. Viruses can carry out their life cycle independently of a host cell.

c)

C. Cells, but not viruses, have surface proteins for binding to hosts.

d)

D. Viruses cannot replicate without being inside a host cell.

e)

E. Both viruses and cells have organelles that perform basic functions like energy production.

23.

Which of the following best explains the difference between viruses and cells?

a)

Both cells and viruses use organelles to carry out their functions.

b)

Cells have both genetic material and organelles, while viruses have genetic material but lack organelles.

c)

Viruses and cells both replicate independently, using their own cellular machinery.

d)

Both viruses and cells contain DNA, but only viruses rely on host machinery for replication.

24.

Long term energy, insulation for the body, and cushioning for vital organs, are all functions of which organic molecule?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

fat

c)

protein

d)

sugar

25.

What is the fundamental element found in all organic compounds studied by chemists?

a)

carbon

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

nitrogen

26.

A student is reading about the chemical composition of a category of molecules. The molecules are found as repeating units of proteins.


What type of molecule are the repeating units?

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

monosaccharides

d)

nucleotides

27.

Use the Venn diagram to compare and contrast two macromolecules.


What is the best title for the letter Q?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

28.
Which biomolecule makes up cell membranes?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
29.
Which biomolecule is used as a fast energy source?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
30.
What are many monosaccharides together called?
a)
glucose
b)
polysaccharides
c)
glycogen
d)
cellulose
31.
During osmosis
a)
water moves from high to low concentration
b)
large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
c)
water moves when energy is used
d)
proteins are built
32.
_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.  
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Cytoplasm
33.

Osmosis is

a)

diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable mebrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

b)

the diffusion of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

c)

diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

d)

the diffusion of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

34.
What is diffusion?
a)
when molecules move 
b)
when molecules move from a high concentration to a low.
c)
no movement 
d)
molecules move everywhere
35.
What is the definition of  Selective Permeability?
a)
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
b)
The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
c)
The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through.
d)
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration 
36.
Passive transport requires no
a)
concentration gradients
b)
osmosis
c)
motion
d)
energy
37.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
glucose & carbon dioxide
b)
glucose & oxygen
c)
water & oxygen
d)
water & carbon dioxide
38.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to 
a)
make water
b)
make ATP
c)
make glucose
d)
make  oxygen
39.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
40.
What is the energy molecule?
a)
DNA
b)
ATP
c)
RNA
d)
AAA
41.

which organelle is responsible for energy production

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

lysosomes

42.
Which of the following is not needed for photosynthesis to occur?
a)
sunlight
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
oxygen
43.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
44.
Plants need ________ for photosynthesis
a)
oxygen
b)
soil
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
sugar
45.
Plants need what to do photosynthesis?
a)
Food absorbed from ground
b)
Sun's energy
c)
Food broken down
d)
Minerals from the soil
46.

What distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? (How do you tell them apart) Hint: There's 3 ways (Check all 3)

a)

Large Central Vacuole

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Ribosomes

e)

Chloroplasts

47.

What is one way in which all living things on Earth are alike?

a)

All living things have hair.

b)

All living things are made of cells and come from other cells.

c)

The cells of all living things have chloroplast.

d)

All living things eat other organisms for nutrition.

48.

Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?

a)

Prokaryotic cells

b)

Bacteria cells

c)

Eukaryotic cells

d)

E-coli bacterium

49.

Jayden knows that multicellular organisms are more complex than unicellular organisms. Which of these is a characteristic of multicellular organisms?

a)

obtaining food

b)

breathing

c)

being able to move

d)

having specialized cells

50.

a type of cell that DOES NOT have a nucleuse (Hint: NO nucleus)

a)

prokaryotic cell

b)

eukaryotic cell

51.

makes proteins

a)

golgi body

b)

endoplasmic reticulum

c)

mitochondria

d)

ribosomes

52.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
53.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
54.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
55.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
56.
Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?
a)
The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
b)
Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
c)
ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
d)
Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process
57.

What is the longest stage (cell spends 90% here) of the cell cycle called?

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

M phase

c)

Interphase

d)

G1 Phase

58.

Put the following stages of MITOSIS in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase.

a)

prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

b)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

d)

prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase

59.

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis?

a)

In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.

b)

In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.

c)

In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.

d)

In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.

60.
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
61.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
62.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
63.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
64.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
65.
Structure A refers to the _____.
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
66.

The cell membrane pinches in, cutting the cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells

a)

Metaphase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telephase

d)

Cytokinesis

67.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
68.
When cells divide they make two ____ cells.
a)
daughter
b)
son
c)
Mom
d)
Dad
69.

T A G G A C T


The complementary strand is...

a)

T A G G A C T

b)

A T G G T G A

c)

A T C C T G A

d)

T T C C A G T

70.

What is the first step of DNA Replication?

a)

Helicase unwinds the DNA strands

b)

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides

c)

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides

d)

Helicase zips up the DNA

71.

What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

a)

helicase, catalase

b)

RNA polymerase, catalase

c)

helicase, DNA polymerase

d)

DNA polymerase, catalase

72.

How many nucleotide bases are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

73.

Translate the mRNA molecule for this gene:

C-A-T-G-T-A-A-A-C

a)

T-C-G-A-T-U-U-C-C

b)

G-G-G-A-T-C-U-U-T

c)

G-U-A-C-A-U-U-U-G

d)

G-T-A-C-A-T-T-T-G

74.

What is the difference between mRNA and DNA?

a)

DNA is a double helix, mRNA is a single strand

b)

DNA has deoxyribose sugar, and mRNA has ribose sugar

c)

DNA uses Thymine, and mRNA uses Uracil

d)

All of the above

75.
What is the process of turning DNA into mRNA?
a)
Central Dogma
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Trapezoid
76.
What are 3 types of RNA?
a)
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
b)
aRNA, fRNA, mRNA
c)
TRNA, MRNA, RRNA
d)
MRNA, ARNA, FRNA, MRNA
77.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
78.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
79.
The two strands of DNA are held together by:
a)
Hydrogen Bonds
b)
Phosphodiester Bonds
c)
Glycolsyl Bonds
d)
Glycosidic Linkages
80.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
81.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
82.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
83.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

84.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
85.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....
a)
is double stranded 
b)
contains the base Thymine
c)
contains the base Uracil 
d)
contained the base Guanine
86.
tRNA is involved in
a)
carrying amino acids 
b)
carrying ribosomes
c)
carrying glucose
d)
carrying lipids
87.
Which process is happening in this picture?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
88.
Which of the following molecules is created during TRANSCRIPTION?
a)
Protein
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
d)
tRNA
89.
Which of the following molecules is created during TRANSLATION?
a)
Protein
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
d)
tRNA
90.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
91.
which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
92.

If the mRNA codon is AUG, what amino acid be added to the growing polypeptide?

a)

Met

b)

Glu

c)

Ala

d)

Phe

93.
Which process occurs in the ribosome?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
All of these
94.

Where in the cell does translation occur?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

d)

Golgi apparatus

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