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Biology Practice Exam with Clicker

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The largest flower of any plant of the world is found in the family Rafflesiae. The outgroup that it is used to polarized the characters of this family has:
a)
Very small flowers
b)
No functional genes for photosynthesis
c)
No vascular tissue
d)
No flowers at all
2.
If we reconstruct the evolutionary history of apes based only on morphological data
a)
Chimps and the genus Homo are sister
b)
None of the other options is correct
c)
Chimps will be sister to the Homo-Gorilla group
d)
Chimps and Gorillas are sister
3.
The oldest fossil of ferns is 390,000,000 years old, the oldest fossil of Gymnosperms is 380,000,000 years old and the oldest fossil of Angiosperms is 125,000,000 years old. Based on this information our best estimate for the age of the ancestor of seed plants is
a)
390000000
b)
380000000
c)
125000000
d)
None of the above as we need to have more information regarding the age of the fossil of the outgroup
4.
The oldest fossil of Homo sapiens was found in _____ and it is ______ years old
a)
Morocco/600,000
b)
Kenya/600,000
c)
Morocco/300,000
d)
K+D13:F14enya/300,000
5.
Under the parsimony principle. We will pick up the tree with:
a)
The highest number of evolutionary changes
b)
The fewest number of evolutionary changes
c)
The highest number of reversal changes
d)
The highest level of homoplasy
6.
Whales (cetaceans) as marine animals are an example of
a)
A.- Homoplasy
b)
B.- Reversal to the outgroup of vertebrates
c)
C.- Convergent evolution with cows
d)
options a and b are correct
7.
Based on the fossil record and DNA data, the lineage of chimps is sister to
a)
The lineage of Homo
b)
The lineage of Gorillas
c)
The Homo - Gorilla lineage
d)
Monkeys
8.
Lack of limbs in snakes is
a)
A.- A reversal
b)
B.- A synapomorphy
c)
C.- An example of homoplasy
d)
Options a, b, and c are correct
9.
Lamprey is __________ in the cladrogram of vertebrates
a)
the outgroup
b)
a synapomorphy
c)
a terrestrial vertebrate
d)
none of these other options is correct
10.
Clades are always defined by:
a)
Homoplasy
b)
Ancestral traits
c)
Morphological characters
d)
None of the other options is correct
11.
In the branching tree for plants which of the following are derived traits ONLY for the Gymnosperms:
a)
Cones
b)
Flowers
c)
Vascular tissue
d)
Seeds
12.
____ and ____ are sister
a)
Ferns/Angiosperms
b)
Ferns/Gymnosperms
c)
Ferns/[seed plants (= Angiosperms and Gymnosperms clade)]
d)
All other options are correct
13.
In the cladogram of vertebrates which of the followings is a synapomorphy only for mammals
a)
hair
b)
lungs
c)
amniotic membrane
d)
all of the other options are correct
14.
Based on evidences presented during the lectures. Is it feasible that a lethal biological agent can be intentionally released from a high security microbiology lab
a)
True
b)
False
15.
Anthrax is a
a)
bacteria
b)
virus
c)
chemical weapon
d)
none of the other options is correct
16.
Whales (Cetaceans) and manatees are the only known examples of fully marine mammals. Their evolutionary history represents a case of
a)
A.- Evolutionary Reversal
b)
B.- Convergent Evolution
c)
C.- Homoplasy
d)
All other options are correct
17.
True or False. We can be confident that parasitism in Rafflesia is an example of evolutionary reversal because plants of this genus do not perform photosynthesis
a)
True
b)
False
18.
Traits that exhibit homoplasy are always:
a)
Synapomorphies
b)
Ancestral traits
c)
Examples of convergence
d)
None of the above are correct as homoplasy is not relevant in phylogenies
19.
The direct common ancestor of the _______ group has nest building as the synapomorphy that define this group
a)
Archosaur
b)
Bird
c)
Dinosaur
d)
Reptile
20.
Based on the phylogeny of vertebrates shown in class which of the following groups make a clade
a)
A.- Sharks and salamanders
b)
B.- Tiger and human
c)
C.- Salamander and lizards
d)
Options A, B, and C are not correct
21.
In the phylogeny of vertebrates shown in class and posted in the power point presentation______ and _____ are sister
a)
A.- Sharks / salamanders
b)
B.- Salamander / lizards
c)
C.- Tigers / humans
d)
Options A, B, and C are not correct
22.
Prokaryotes
a)
Form a clade
b)
Have mitochondria
c)
Not always have water as the electron donor in photosynthesis
d)
None of the other options is correct
23.
Brown algae are the result of two endosymbiosis events. Therefore,
a)
They have two different types of chloroplasts
b)
Some are aquatics and some are terrestrial
c)
They do not have mitochondria
d)
None of the other options is correct
24.
________ genes that code for photosynthesis are found in the ____
a)
All/nucleus
b)
All/chloroplast
c)
Some/nucleus
d)
All/mitochondria
25.
HIV virus forms a _______ group
a)
Monophyletic
b)
Polyphyletic
c)
Hybrid group
d)
We can't tell as there is no phylogeny for this group of viruses
26.
Which is the correct way to write the scientific name of humans as a distinct bipedal ape
a)
Homo sapiens
b)
Homo Sapiens
c)
homo sapiens
d)
HOMO SAPIENS
27.
Which of the following is correct
a)
A.- All terrestrial invertebrates form a monophyletic group
b)
B.- Homoplasy explains colonization of land by invertebrates
c)
C.- Convergent evolution explains the colonization of land by invertebrates
d)
Options B and C are correct
28.
Planet Earth is _________ billion years old
a)
3.5
b)
4.5
c)
5.5
d)
6.5
29.
Life on planet Earth is _______ billion years old
a)
3.5
b)
4.5
c)
5.5
d)
6.5
30.
The Cambrian explosion happened_____ million years ago
a)
100
b)
250
c)
500
d)
1000
31.
All Oxygen found in the Earth's atmosphere comes from biological activities
a)
True
b)
False
32.
Which of the following statements is correct
a)
Plants originated during the Cambrian explosion
b)
During the Cambrian explosion animals started to colonized land
c)
During the Cambrian explosion the main clades of animals were defined
d)
Vertebrates originated in land environments
33.
Within the clade of apes (Orangutans + Gorillas + Chimps + Humans) which of the following is/are synapomorphy/ies for the ancestor of the clade Gorillas + Chimps + Humans
a)
A.- Knuckle-walking
b)
B.- Lost of tail
c)
C.- Bipedal locomotion
d)
Options A and B are correct
34.
The group of Dinosaurs + Birds form a
a)
Monophyletic group
b)
Paraphyletic group
c)
Polyphyletic group
35.
The colonization of arthropods from aquatic to terrestrial environments
a)
A.- Had a single aquatic ancestor
b)
B.- Involved a reversal
c)
C.- Happened before land-snails colonized land from aquatic environments
d)
None of the other options is correct
36.
The evolution of wings in bats and running legs in horses is an example of
a)
A.- Homoplastic structures
b)
B.- Homologous structures
c)
C.- Reversals in the evolution of vertebrates
d)
All other options are correct
37.
The aquatic ancestor of terrestrial insects was
a)
A spider
b)
A Centipede of Millipide
c)
A crustacean
d)
A land snail
38.
Which of these hypotheses explain why it took around 200,000,000 years for Oxygen to accumulate in the Earth's atmosphere after the origin of cyanobacteria
a)
Very few organisms were performing photosynthesis at this time
b)
Many organisms were performing aerobic respiration as this time
c)
Cyanobacteria almost became extinct
d)
Most oxygen produced by cyanobacteria was used to oxidize iron present in the planet
39.
Purple sulfur bacteria were involved in the origin of mitochondria and these bacteria performed photosynthesis
a)
True
b)
False
40.
Which of these was the direct ancestor of land plants
a)
Red algae
b)
Green algae
c)
Brown algae
d)
Cyanobacteria
41.
Which of the following organisms were important for the early developing of an atmospheric shield to protect life from UV light
a)
A.- The first terrestrial invertebrates though photosynthesis
b)
B.- Cyanobacteria through photosynthesis
c)
C.- Cyanobacteria through respiration
d)
Options B and C are correct
42.

In the branching tree for plants which of the following are derived traits for the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms:

a)
spores
b)
flowers
c)
vascular tissue
d)
seeds
43.
In the branching tree for plants which of the following is a synapomorphy. For all terrestrial plants
a)
flowers
b)
vascular tissue
c)
seeds
d)
all of the other options are correct
44.
IN the branching tree for plants which of the following is a trait that originated in the ancestor of the seed plant group
a)
Flowers
b)
Vascular tissue
c)
Seeds
d)
all of the other options are correct
45.
Clades are always defined by:
a)
Synapomorphies
b)
Ancestral traits
c)
Morphological characters
d)
None of the above as we need to have more information regarding the age of the fossil of the outgroup
46.
Which of the following statements is coreect:
a)
Orangutans and gorillas share the same direct common direct common ancestor
b)
Gorillas and chimps share the same direct common ancestor
c)
The clade[Gorillas + Chimps + Humans] and Orangutans share the same direct common ancestor
d)
A, B, C, are correct
e)
None of the above is correct
47.
Which of the following statements is coreect:
a)
Orangutans and gorillas are sister
b)
Gorilla and Chimps are sister
c)
The clade[Gorillas + Chimps + Humans] and Orangutans are sister ancestor
d)
A, B, C, are correct
e)
None of the above is correct
48.

Traits that exhibit homoplasy are always

a)
Synapomorphies
b)
Ancestral traits
c)
Exa
d)
Non
49.
Regarding te evolution of holoparasitim of plants:
a)
All plants that exhibit holoparasitism form a single lineage share the same direct common ancestor
b)
Parasitism in plants is an exmaple of homoplasy through convergence
c)
Parasitism in plants is an exampl of homoplasy through evolutionary reversal
d)
Options B and C are correct
50.
Under the parsimony principle. We will pick up the tree with:
a)
The highest number of evolutionary changes
b)
The fewest number of evolutionary changes
c)
The highest number of reversal changes
d)
The highest level of homoplasy
51.
The Group of apes that are not bipedal but perform Knuckle-walking ( gorillas + chimps) is:
a)
Monophyletic
b)
Paraphyletic
c)
Polyphyletic
d)
We do not know as there is there are three equally likely cladograms for this group
52.
Among social insects, termites and the Attini ants are the only insects that grow fungi in their nest as food source. A basic phylogeny of them is shown in this cladogram. We can say the group of fungus-growing insects form a _____ Group:
a)
Monophyletic
b)
Paraphyletic
c)
Polyphyletic
d)
We do not know as there is there are three equally likely cladograms for this group
53.
Land colonization by major animals and plants groups:
a)
Exhibit homoplasy
b)
is an example of evolutionary reversal
c)
is an example evolutionary convergence
d)
Option A and C are correct
e)
All other options are not correct
54.
The Cambrian explosion happened_____ million years ago
a)
Took place in terrestrial environoments
b)
happened during the last ice age
c)
took place in aquatic environment
d)
All of the above are correct
55.
At least how many independent colonizations of land by land-snails occurred long after the Cambrians
a)
1
b)
4
c)
8
d)
10
56.
Prokaryotes are
a)
Monophyletic
b)
Paraphyletic
c)
Polyphyletic
d)
I Can't tell based on this cladogram
57.
Why can't viruses replicate outside of a host cell?
a)
Viruses use cellular machinery of the host cell for replication
b)
They need the reverse transcriptase that it is always found within the host cells
c)
They cannot exchanges their DNA/RNA with other viruses
d)
None of the above is correct as virus can replicate outside the host cell
58.
In which of these cycles bacterial DNA is degraded
a)
Lysogenic
b)
Lytic
c)
A and B are correct
d)
None of the above is correct as beacterial DNA is not degraded in any of these cycles
59.
The terms provirus refers to
a)
Name given to a virus when it is outside the host cell
b)
A virus that parasites bacteria
c)
A virus DNA that is inserted inside the DNA of the Nucleus of an Eucaryote cell of the host
d)
A new virus that is being made inside the host cell during the virus cycle
60.
The HIV Virus has
a)
one molecule of DNA
b)
Two Molecules of RNA that are identical
c)
Two molecules of RNA that are not identical
d)
Two molecules of DNA that are identical
61.
Coronvirus
a)
Has only one single mechanism to infect human cells but still affects many kinds of tissue of the human body
b)
Has its RNA transcribed into DNA during infection
c)
incorporates its genome to the nuclear genome of the host
d)
None of the other options are corrects
62.
Archea are defined by ____ synapomorphies
a)
Metabolic
b)
Shape of individuals (= morphology)
c)
Membrane structure
d)
Type of plasmid
63.
Which of this apply to Gram Negative bacteria
a)
Complex and thick network of peptidoglycan
b)
Likely polyphyletic
c)
Likely paraphyletic
d)
Resistent to many antibotics
64.
During specialized transduction prophage DNA is the term used for:
a)
Phage and bacterial DNA Found inside a virus
b)
Phage DNA Inserted inside the bacteria DNA
c)
Bacteria DNA
d)
Plasmids
65.
Which of the following word-pairs are correct
a)
Conjugation - Phages
b)
Specialized Transduction - Plasmids
c)
Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction
d)
Option A, B, and C are not correct
e)
Options A, B, and C are correct
66.
What high energy molecule is the final product of photosynethese
a)
Oxygen
b)
CO2+
c)
NADP+
d)
Glucose
67.
Which is the intial donor of electrons in photosynthesis
a)
Light
b)
Water
c)
Chlorophyl
d)
Glucose
68.
How many "relevant" membrane-bound enzyme are directly involed in the light-dependent reaction?
a)
Three
b)
Four
c)
Five
d)
Six
69.
During the calvin cycle which molecules does provide the electrons to make sugar
a)
ATP
b)
NADP+
c)
NADPH
d)
Rubisco
70.
In C4 plants which of the enzymes will be first on to fix CO2 inside the plant cells?
a)
Rubisco
b)
PEP Carboxylase
c)
Oxaloacetatese
d)
Malatese
71.

Most of known bacteria are

a)

  • Gram positive

b)

  • Gram negative

c)

  • Atypical bacteria

d)

  • Approximately 50% are gram negative and 50% are gram positive

72.

Which of this is synapomorphy for SARSr-Cov

a)

12 nucleotide mutation in a structural protein gene

b)

  • 12 nucleotide mutation in a non-structural protein gene

c)

  • 12 nucleotide mutation in an accessory protein gene

d)

  • 12 nucleotide mutation in the ACE2 Receptor

73.

For which of the following concepts or organisms foreign DNA is inserted in the genome of a cell

a)

A.- HIV

b)

  • B.- F- cells

c)

  • All of the other options are correct

d)

  • Options A, B, and C are correct

74.

Archaea

a)

  • Produce many human diseases

b)

  • Can be Gram Negative or Gram Positive

c)

  • Are found inside human guts and help to digest food

d)

  • None of the other options are correct

75.

Which of the following word/concept pairs are correct

a)

  • Conjugation - Lytic infection cycle

b)

Generalized transduction - Lytic infection cycle

c)

  • Conjugation - Archaea synapomorphy

d)

  • None of the other options are correct

76.

During conjugation:

a)

  • Any bacteria gene of an individual can potentially be moved to another bacteria individual

b)

  • Bacteria genes located far away from the insertion sequence can move between bacteria

c)

  • The bacteria undergoes a lysogenic infection cycle

d)

  • None of the other options are correct

77.

Which of the following are involved in conjugation

a)

  • Phages

b)

Plasmids

c)

Sexual reproduction

d)

  • None of the other options are correct

78.

Prokaryotes

a)

  • Are monophyletic

b)

Are paraphyletic

c)

  • Are polyphyletic

d)

None of the other oprions are correct as prokaryotes originated through endosymbiosis

79.

Which of the following is the electron donor during photosynthesis

a)

Water

b)

Light

c)

CO2

d)

Sugar

80.

During photosynthesis the photoelectric effect explains:

a)

How electrons are removed from water

b)

  • How electrons are removed from light

c)

  • How CO2 is fixed by Rubisco

d)

  • How electrons are removed from sugar

81.

All Oxygen found in the Earth's atmosphere comes from biological activities

a)

True

b)

False

82.

The name of the genus that defines coronavirus is

a)

  • Alphacoronavirus

b)

  • SARSr-Cov

c)

  • Betacoronavirus

d)

  • Coronavirus

83.

The genome of the Covid virus is _____ as/than that of the AIDS virus

a)

Larger

b)

Approx. same size

c)

Smaller

d)

  • None of the other options is correct as genome size in viruses change during their cycles

84.

Coronavirus binds to ACE2 Receptors of

a)

Cellular membranes of several types of tissue

b)

  • The nuclear DNA of human cells

c)

  • mRNA of the human cells

d)

  • Mitochondria membranes of human cells

85.

The mutation(s) that makes Coronavirus so lethal for humans (are) is found in

a)

  • Gen/es of the virus genome that encode for accessory proteins

b)

Gen/es of the virus genome that encode for structural proteins

c)

  • Gen/es of the virus genome that encode for non-structural proteins

d)

  • The three other options are correct as each of these regions have relevant mutations that make the virus so dangerous

86.

Coronavirus only parasites lung cells, and this is the reason why very sick patients always need to have a respirator

a)

True

b)

False

87.

In which of these cases the largest piece of the single chromosome of a bacteria can be moved during horizontal transfer of genes

a)

  • Conjugation

b)

  • Generalized transduction

c)

  • Specialized transduction

d)

  • These three mechanisms have the same probability to move large pieces of DNA

88.

Based on the Power Point slides, which of the following statements is correct

a)

  • Phages have inside their capsid free nucleotides, ATPs, amino acids, and ribosomes that allow them to replicate by themselves once they parasite a bacteria

b)

  • Phages can never be agents to move pieces of bacteria DNA between different bacteria individuals

c)

  • Phages insert their DNA inside bacteria plasmids during transduction

d)

  • None of the other options is correct

89.

Which of the following are involved in transformation as a mechanism for prokaryote horizontal transfer of genes

a)

  • Only phages

b)

  • Changes in the environments

c)

  • Phages together with plasmids

d)

  • None of the above is correct

90.

A researcher has two different individuals of bacteria of the same species growing together in a flask (Individual 1 and Individual 2). They are growing without any particular environmental stress. Under these conditions the researcher will not be surprised if he finds:

a)

  • The circular DNAs of both bacteria are together in one of these individuals but will not recombine their genes

b)

  • The circular DNAs of both bacteria are together in one of these individuals and will recombine their genes

c)

The circular DNA of both bacteria are not together in one of these two individuals

d)

  • All other options are equally likely

91.

The evolutionary biology of photosynthesis shows that RUBISCO is an extreme efficient enzyme to fix Carbon Dioxide, and this the reason why it is universally present in all plants that perform photosynthesis

a)

True

b)

False

92.

During photosynthesis protons are used:

a)

  • To make NADPH during the light dependent reactions

b)

  • To be one of the components of glucose

c)

  • To be moved from the stroma to the thylakoids by the proton pump enzyme b6-f Complex

d)

  • To create a proton gradient in ATP synthase to provide energy to make ATP

e)

  • All other options are correct

93.

Regarding the light dependent reaction. The enzyme _____ will be the final enzyme of this reaction to move electrons ________

a)

  • Water splitting enzyme/to chlorophyl

b)

  • B6-f complex/inside the thylakoid

c)

  • ATP synthase/to ADP

d)

  • NADP reductase/to NADP+

94.

During photosynthesis. Protons are

a)

  • A.- Moved inside the Thylakoid membrane by b6-f complex

b)

  • B.- Moved inside the stroma by b6-f complex

c)

  • C.- Moved inside the Thylakoid by ATP synthase

d)

  • B and C are correct

e)

  • None of the other options is correct

95.

Which of these can apply to a haplodiplontic species?

a)

All individuals are diploid

b)

All individuals are haploid

c)

Some individuals are diploid and some are haploid

d)

They reporoduce asexually

96.

Which of these can apply to diplontic species?

a)

Animals

b)

Zygotes have a single cell

c)

All individuals are diploid without any haploid tissue

d)

All other options are correct

97.

Which of these can apply to a haplontic species?

a)

Animals

b)

All individuals are haploid

c)

Sporophytes

d)

All other options are correct

98.

Apicomplexans provide evidence of

a)

Apicomplexans performing photosynthesis

b)

Relict chloroplasts in Apicomplexans

c)

Presences of modified mitochondria Apicomplexans

d)

None of other options is correct

99.

Which of the following is correct about protist chroloplast

a)

Those who have chloroplast form a monophyletic groups

b)

only known in apicomplexans

c)

no protist have chloroplast

d)

none of the other options is correct

e)

Only known in the protist clade of green algae

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