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Worksheets

CFU 5

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In fatty acid synthesis, what is added to acetyl CoA in the beginning?

a)

Acetate

b)

oxaloacetate

c)

malonate

d)

citrate

2.

What else is needed to extend the chain in FA synthesis? how many carbons is it extended by?

a)

acetyl CoA, 2 carbons

b)

acetyl CoA, 1 carbon

c)

malonate, 2 carbons

d)

malonate, 1 carbon

3.

Where does the acetyl CoA used in fatty acid synthesis come from?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cytosol

4.

What are the 4 steps of B-oxidation? does it break down or synthesize

a)

1. condensation

  1. 2. reduction

  2. 3. dehydration

  3. 4. reduction

  4. break down

b)

1. condensation

  1. 2. reduction

  2. 3. dehydration

  3. 4. reduction

  4. synthesize

c)

  1. 1. oxidation

  2. 2. hydration

  3. 3. oxidation

  4. 4. cleavage

  5. synthesize

d)

  1. 1. oxidation

  2. 2. hydration

  3. 3. oxidation

  4. 4. cleavage

  5. breakdown

5.

What are the 4 steps of B-reduction? does it break down or synthesize


a)


1. condensation

  1. 2. reduction

  2. 3. dehydration

  3. 4. reduction

  4. break down

b)

1. condensation

  1. 2. reduction

  2. 3. dehydration

  3. 4. reduction

  4. synthesize

c)

  1. 1. oxidation

  2. 2. hydration

  3. 3. oxidation

  4. 4. cleavage

  5. synthesize

d)

  1. 1. oxidation

  2. 2. hydration

  3. 3. oxidation

  4. 4. cleavage

  5. break down

6.

What is FA synthesized from?

a)

Acetyl CoA

b)

citrate

c)

malonyl

d)

oxaloacetate

7.

Where is FA synthesized?

a)

Outer membrane

b)

Mitochondria matrix

c)

cytosol

d)

inner membrane

8.

Where is most ACoA made?

a)

inner membrane

b)

mitochondrial matrix

c)

outer membrane

d)

cytosol

9.

can acoa pass the inner mitochondrial membrane

a)

yes

b)

no

10.

how does acoa get transported into the cytosol

a)

APL cleaves acoa to become smaller to pass the membrane

b)

its incorporated into citrate via the Krebs cycle (mitochondria) and transported with a citrate carrier

c)

AcoA is combined with CO2 to make malonyl to be launched out the imm

d)

it is added with oxaloacetate to leave the IMM

11.

What is the function of ATP citrate lyase (ACL). What does it require?

a)

requires NADH

b)

requires ATP

c)

cleaves pyruvate into oxaloacetate and acoa

d)

cleaves cytosolic citrate into oxaloacetate and acoa

12.

What activates ACL?

a)

citrate

b)

glucagon

c)

epinephrine

d)

insulin

13.

what are the reactants for ACL

a)

cytosolic citrate

b)

CoA

c)

NADH

d)

ATP

14.

What are the products of ACL

a)

malonate

b)

oxaloacetate

c)

acoa

d)

adp+P

e)

cytosolic citrate

15.

What are the functions of acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC)

a)

adds Co2 to acetyl CoA to make malonyl CoA

b)

break down acetyl CoA into 1 carbon units

c)

removes CO2

d)

commits acoa to fatty acid synthesis

e)

rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis at the juncture of synthesis vs oxidation

16.

what are the reactants for acc?

a)

acoa

b)

atp

c)

citrate

d)

co2

17.

what are the products of ACC

a)

ADP+P

b)

malonyl CoA

c)

oxaloacetate

d)

citrate

18.

what inhibits acc

a)

citrate

b)

AMPK

c)

glucagon/epinephrine

d)

insulin

e)

fatty acyl CoAs

19.

what activates acc

a)

citrate

b)

AMPK

c)

insulin

d)

glucaagon/epinephrine

e)

fatty acyl CoAs

20.

What is added at the fatty acid synthase complex?

a)

1 Carbon at a time

b)

2 Carbons at a time

c)

3 Carbons at a time

d)

4 Carbons at a time

21.

What does the fatty acid synthase complex use?

a)

NADH

b)

ATP

c)

NADPH

d)

ACoA

e)

citrate

22.

what are the consequences of using the FA synthase complex?

a)

makes omega-6

b)

makes palmitic acid

c)

traps CO2

d)

traps acetyl coa in the matrix

23.

Where does condensation occur during fa synthesis? what does it add per cycle?

a)

B carbon

b)

A-carbon

c)

acetyl CoA

d)

malonyl CoA

24.

What starts fa synthesis

a)

malonyl coa

b)

1 acetyl coa

c)

fa synthase complex

d)

nadph

25.

What are the steps of each cycle?

a)

  1. 1. use 1 malonyl CoA

  2. 2. releases 2 CoA

  3. 3. produces 1 CO2

  4. 4. produces 2 NADPH

  5. 5. extends fatty acid by 2 C

b)

  1. 1. use 1 malonyl CoA

  2. 2. releases 2 CoA

  3. 3. produces 1 CO2

  4. 4. uses 2 NADPH

  5. 5. extends fatty acid by 2 C

c)

  1. 1. use 1 malonyl CoA

  2. 2. releases 2 CoA

  3. 3. uses 1 CO2

  4. 4. produces 2 NADPH

  5. 5. extends fatty acid by 2 C

d)

  1. 1. use 1 malonyl CoA

  2. 2. releases 2 CoA

  3. 3. produces 1 CO2

  4. 4. uses 2 NADPH

  5. 5. extends fatty acid by 3 C

26.

What are omega-6 eicosanoids derived from?

a)

a-linoleic acid 18:3

b)

linoleic acid 18:2

c)

arachidonic acid 20:4

d)

EPA 20:5

e)

DHA 22:6

27.

What does omega-6 do?

a)

pro-inflammatory

b)

anti-inflammatory

c)

anti-growth

d)

pro-growth

28.

what is omega-3 derived from

a)

a-linolenic acid 18:3

b)

linolenic acid 18:2

c)

arachidonic acid 20:4

d)

EPA 20:5

e)

DHA 22:6

29.

How does n-6 arachidonic acid produce eicosanoids?

a)

2 series

b)

3 series

c)

4 series

d)

5 series

30.

what does omega-3 do?

a)

pro-inflammatory

b)

oppose omega-6 eicosanoids

c)

hypolipidemic/lower lipid lipid levels from the blood

d)

reduce free radicals

e)

antithrombic/prevent and treat blood clots

31.

where does B-oxidation occur?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cytosol

32.

what makes FA a good source of energy?

a)

it exists in its more reduced state

b)

it exists in its more oxidized state

c)

9kcal/gram released in breakdown

d)

4kcal/gram released in breakdown

33.

What is b-oxidation

a)

cells release energy from the creation of fa bonds

b)

cells harvest energy from the breaking of fa bonds

c)

cells harvest energy from the breaking of ester bonds

d)

cells release energy from the creation of ester bonds

34.

what is required/activates FA in FA catabolism and where

a)

coenzyme A

b)

acetyl coa

c)

mitochondria

d)

cytosol

e)

2 ATP

35.

What regulates the influx of FA chains into the matrix

a)

CAT1

b)

CAT2

c)

Carnitine

d)

ACC

36.

What inhibits CAT1

a)

acetyl Coa

b)

citrate

c)

oxaloacetate

d)

malonyl CoA

37.

What indirectly regulates fat breakdown? (read on why)

a)

ACL

b)

ACC

c)

glycolysis

d)

gluconeogenesis

38.

activated acyl CoA (activated FA) interacts with enz where?

a)

cytosol

b)

mitochondrial matrix

c)

inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

outer mitochondrial membrane

39.

how many carbons are removed at a time and what does it make

a)

2 C

b)

3C

c)

acetyl CoA

d)

malonyl CoA

40.

what are the consequences of beta oxidation cycle

a)

prevents ETC from working

b)

inhibits the conversion of acetyl coa to citrate

c)

feeds krebs cycle with acetyl CoA for ATP generation

d)

feed overflow pathway for ketogenesis

41.

How is fat synthesis regulated by carb status

a)

high carb diet --> MCoA inhibits CAT1 and is used for FA production

b)

hyperglycemia --> increased insulin, increased glucose uptake, increased LPL activity, decreased lipase --> FA reduction

c)

Hypoglycemia --> increased glucagon, epinephrine --> activates TAG lipase, decreased citrate --> inhibits ACC --> FA oxidation

42.

synthesis of fat:

a)

is NAD/NADH dependent

b)

requires CO2

c)

mitochondrial

d)

is NADP/NADPH dependent

e)

cytosolic

43.

fat catabolism:

a)

NAD/NADH dependent

b)

does not require CO2

c)

requires CO2

d)

mitochondrial

e)

NADP/NADPH dependent

44.

thru what process do we get ffa for biogentics

a)

lipolysis

b)

lipogenesis

c)

b-oxidation

d)

b-reduction

45.

what does lipolysis lead to

a)

release of glycerol as a gluconeogenic precursor

b)

release of ffa

c)

inhibition of ACC

d)

generation of ketones

46.

TAG stored as fat in adipose is mobilized by what?

a)

LPL

b)

HSL

c)

ACC

d)

ACL

47.

which of the following are true about HSL

a)

regulating enz

b)

produces 3 FA and glycerol

c)

activated by epinephrine/cortisol

d)

inhibited by insulin

e)

activated by the absence of insulin

48.

Which of the following are true of fatty acid catabolism

a)

fatty acid enters the cytosol

b)

c-c cleavages = n/2 -1

c)

fatty acid enters the mitochondrion

d)

acetyl coas oxidized = n/2

e)

-2 ATPs for each unsaturation bond and each FA activation

49.

how is energy produced from glycerol

a)

  1. 1. glycerol is converted in the pancreas to glycerol 3P by glycerokinase and ATP

  2. 2. Glycerol 3-P converted to DHAP with the help of NADH

  3. 3. DHAP enters the glycolytic/glucogenic pathway

b)

  1. 1. glycerol is converted in the pancreas to glycerol 3P by glycerokinase and ATP

  2. 2. Glycerol 3-P converted to DHAP with the help of ATP

  3. 3. DHAP enters the glycolytic/glucogenic pathway

c)

  1. 1. glycerol is converted in the liver to glycerol 3P by glycerokinase and ATP

  2. 2. Glycerol 3-P converted to DHAP with the help of NADH

  3. 3. DHAP enters the glycolytic/glucogenic pathway

d)

  1. 1. glycerol is converted in the pancreas to glycerol 3P by glycerokinase and ATP

  2. 2. Glycerol 3-P converted to DHAP with the help of NADPH

  3. 3. DHAP enters the glycolytic/glucogenic pathway

50.

LPL activity is activated/stimulated by

a)

stimulated by insulin when near adipose tissue (storage)

b)

stimulated by epinephrine in the adipose tissue

c)

stimulated by insulin in the muscle tissue

d)

activated by epinephrine in the muscle

51.

what is LPL inhibited by

a)

insulin in the adipose tissue

b)

cortisol

c)

epinephrine in the muscle

d)

epinephrine in the adipose tissue

52.

what are the precursors of TAG and phosphatidylcholine

a)

malonyl CoA

b)

glycerol-3P

c)

acetyl CoA

d)

CoA activated FA

53.

there is reciprocal control on both glucose and fatty acid oxidation. So what happens

a)

glucose oxidation triggered by epinephrine reduces the need for FA oxidation

b)

FA oxidation reduces the need for glucose --> uptake

c)

glucose oxidation triggered by insulin reduces the need for FA oxidation

54.

why does FA oxidation depend on lipolysis

a)

increases circulating FFA

b)

provides precursors for future steps

c)

tissue uptake (esp in muscle)

d)

glucose uptake

55.

glucose oxidation depends on insulin. why?

a)

LPL levels increase, HSL activity decrease

b)

glucose uptake and glycolysis increases

c)

acetyl CoA increases the rate of reaction

d)

malonyl CoA decreases B- oxidation

56.

In B-oxidation step 1: what happens

a)

forms a trans C=C bond

b)

reduces NAD+ to NADH (3 ATP)

c)

reduces NADP TO NADPH

d)

REDUCES FAD TO FADH2 (YIELDS 2 ATP)

e)

REMOVES H FROM THE ALPHA AND BETA CARBON

57.

In B-oxidation step 3, WHAT HAPPENS

a)

FAD REDUCED TO FADH2

b)

HYDROXYL GROUP OXIDIZES

c)

NAD+ REDUCED TO NADH (3 ATP)

d)

A KETO GROUP FORMED ON THE B CARBON

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