Reflecting on the discussions of political philosophy, Grace, David, and Arjun next consider the concept of 'negative liberty'. Which of the following best describes it?

What does elite theory suggest about the distribution of power in international relations?

Which Article of the Constitution establishes the judiciary?

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution is often interpreted to grant Congress implied powers?

During a classroom discussion on federalism, Leo, Ava, and Ethan are asked to identify an example of a power reserved to the states. Which of the following would be a correct example of a reserved power?

What term is used to describe the system by which a society or community is governed, including the processes by which decisions are made?

In a direct democracy, how do citizens participate in the decision-making process?

During their study session, Aria, Evelyn, and Ava discuss another question: 'Which amendment to the Constitution is primarily concerned with the rights of states over the federal government?'

Does the First Amendment offer protection to online publications against most forms of government censorship?

Which amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof?

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of individualism?

What role does religion play in shaping U.S. policy decisions?

Which concept describes a system where local governments have autonomy and can pass laws as long as they do not conflict with state laws?

What clause requires states to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state?

Is it permissible for a government to enact laws that indirectly affect religious practices, provided there is a significant public interest at stake?

According to social movement theory, government is influenced by

American political decisions are shaped by the following factors:

How many times does the word “rights” appear in the original Constitution?

Which of the following is not a national government responsibility outlined in the Constitution?

The first governing system of the United States is described in

Americans typically have more trust in which level of government?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of federalism?

All of the following are advantages of national policy EXCEPT:

During which type of federalism did the national government use the least amount of its implied and inherent powers?

Building railways, borrowing money, and regulating business are examples of _______ powers.

If Virginia law conflicts with federal law, which clause states that federal law will prevail?

_______ are funds given by the national government to state and local governments with explicit instructions on how to use the money.

Republicans usually prefer _______ control on most issues.

Democrats usually prefer _______ control on most issues.

Over the last 30 years, the Supreme Court has trended towards:

Feelings of nationalism help maintain the federal balance by instilling loyalty to which level(s) of government?

Nationalism in the United States:

_______ are the limits on government that allow people to freely exercise their rights.

Initially, the Bill of Rights protected against violations of citizens' rights by _______ government(s).

_______ incorporation is defined as extending protections from the Bill of Rights to the state governments, one right at a time.

The Fourteenth Amendment contains the _______ clause.

What case provided for the selective incorporation of the right to remain silent?

Which of the following rights is not explicitly listed in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights?

What case overturned Roe v. Wade?

The _______ case set a test for judging what government actions are permissible in terms of the establishment clause.

In the Sherbert case, the Supreme Court ruled that denying unemployment benefits to someone who was fired for refusing to work on Saturdays for religious reasons was

When the right to speak out clashes with other rights, such as the right of minorities to be protected from abusive language, free speech usually

Private corporations like Facebook and Twitter

________ are spoken untruths or falsehoods that are not protected speech.

It is generally _______ to prove slander or libel when derogatory statements are made against a public official compared with when such statements are made against an average citizen.

For slanderous or libelous statements made against a public official, what must be proven?

Which kind of jury does not decide on guilt or innocence but decides only whether there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial?

The process by which individuals acquire their political values and outlooks is known as

_______ has become an even stronger predictor of an individual’s opinions than race and religion.

Social media has _______ affected democracy in the United States.

What term describes the tendency among a small group of decision makers to converge on a shared set of views?

Public views are _______ followed blindly by politicians.

The amount spent by American politicians on pollsters is _______ the amounts spent by the leaders of other nations.

Public opinion is often viewed as

Popular views help identify the _______, which includes the issues that the public considers important.

Which of the following discourages political participation?

Members of Congress are often _______ to legislate in the face of strong popular opposition.

A sampling _______ is a designated group of people from whom poll respondents are randomly selected.

The sampling frame in a public survey should represent the characteristics of the _______ for conclusions to be drawn about this group.

Generally, the closer to Election Day a poll is taken, the _______ it is.

According to the text, polls targeting _______ voters more accurately predict the outcome of most elections.

_______ effects are the influence that the way a question is worded has on a respondent.

What is considered the polling gold standard?

Samples of the population should be _______ of that population.

The key statement of American ideals is

In 1776, for the first time in world history, the American colonists made the claim that government

When the Constitution was ratified, slavery existed in

Under the Articles of Confederation, the approval of _______ states was required on important matters.

The provision that all thirteen states must approve any changes to the Articles of Confederation

What is the first step a group struggling to gain equality usually takes?

A result of the “new Jim Crow” was _______ for African Americans.

One way of segregating schools was through

What is the American ideal often expressed as equality of opportunity?

When did the new concept of affirmative action emerge in America? 

What was the legacy of the American Revolution?

Social democracies are based on _______, the idea that people have a tight bond and are responsible for one another.