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Stars and Galaxies

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What color of star is the hottest?
a)
Blue
b)
Red
c)
Yellow
d)
Orange
2.
What color of star is the coolest?
a)
Red
b)
Yellow
c)
Blue
d)
White
3.
True or False
The Sun is the biggest star in the sky.
a)
True
b)
False
4.
The color of a star tells us its
a)
magnitude
b)
temperature
c)
size
d)
age
5.
Which star is closest to Earth?
a)
Betelgeuse
b)
Orion
c)
the sun
d)
Antares
6.
True or False
Stars are really close together in outer space.
a)
True
b)
False
7.
True or False
Constellations are stars that appear to be in a pattern.
a)
True
b)
False
8.
a)

A) Temperature

b)

B) Size and shape

c)

C) Actual brightness

d)

D) Distance from Earth

9.

AbduAllah notices that two stars appear to have the same brightness. He knows that one of the stars is much farther away than the other. What could he conclude about the two stars?

a)

A) Both stars must have the exact same actual brightness.

b)

B) The one that is farther away must be brighter.

c)

C) The one that is closer must be brighter.

d)

D) Both stars must five off the exact same amount of energy.

10.

Choose more than one answer.

a)

Stars look different because of mass.

b)

Stars look different because of distance.

c)

Stars look different because of color.

d)

Stars look different because of brightness.

e)

Stars look different because they're hot.

11.

Consider the color of the sun. Based on this color, what is the sun's approximate surface temperature?

a)

10,000-30,000

b)

6000-7500

c)

30000-60000

d)

<3500

12.

Omar and Khadijah examined several photos of stars. To compare their temperatures, they looked at the colors of the stars. They organized the photos in order from coolest to hottest. Which of these answers shows the correct order?

a)

red, yellow, white, blue

b)

white, blue, yellow, red

c)

yellow, white, blue, red

d)

blue, yellow, white, red

13.

Which of the following statements best relates a star’s color to its surface temperature?

a)

blue stars have a relatively low temperature

b)

red stars have a relatively high temperature

c)

blue-white stars have a relatively low temperature

d)

yellow stars have a relatively low temperature

14.

A scientist discovers a new star. It is blue-white and is about 20,000 K. Which star is it most similar to?

a)

Sun

b)

Rigel

c)

Vega

d)

Canopus

15.

Based on evidence in the table, which star would appear the dimmest from Earth’s surface?

a)

Star A

b)

Star B

c)

Star C

d)

Star D

16.

Absolute magnitude is defined as…

a)

mass of a star

b)

color of a star

c)

brightness of a star, as it appears from Earth

d)

brightness of a star independent from the distance of Earth

17.

About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun, are main sequence stars. What do all main sequence stars have in common?

a)

All main sequence stars are yellow like our sun.

b)

All main sequence stars are as bright as our sun.

c)

They are all undergoing fusion of helium into carbon within their cores

d)

They are undergoing fusion of hydrogen into helium within their cores

18.

Which of the following correctly ranks astronomical objects by size, starting with the smallest?

a)

earth, sun, solar system, galaxy, universe

b)

sun, solar system, earth, universe, galaxy

c)

universe, galaxy, solar system, earth, sun

d)

solar system, earth, sun, universe, galaxy

19.

On an HR diagram, stars at the same temperature are found...

a)

aligned horizontally (next to each other)

b)

aligned vertically (one above the other)

c)

along the main sequence

d)

spread through the diagram

20.

White dwarfs stars are

a)

hot and dim

b)

cool and dim

c)

hot and bright

d)

cool and bright

21.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify stars?
a)
Color
b)
Temperature
c)
Size
d)
Shape
22.
A light year is a measurement of:
a)
Time
b)
Distance
c)
Gravity
d)
None of the Above
23.
The brightness of a star as seen from earth is defined as:
a)
Apparent Brightness
b)
Absolute Brightness
c)
Brightness
d)
Candid Brightness
24.
Explosion of a high-mass star.
a)
White Dwarf
b)
Planetary Nebula
c)
Supernova
d)
Neutron Star
25.
An object whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape.
a)
Planetary Nebula
b)
Supernova
c)
Neutron Star
d)
Black Hole
26.
Which of the following is a name used for stars:
a)
Neutron
b)
Supergiant
c)
White dwarf
d)
All of the above
27.

Stars are made of mostly which two gases?

a)

Hydrogen and Helium

b)

Hydrogen and Oxygen

c)

Hydrogen and Nitrogen

d)

Hydrogen and Carbon

28.

A star is born in a cloud of gas and dust called a __________.

a)

nebula

b)

galaxy

c)

asteroid

d)

black hole

29.

Stars give off heat and light in a process called ___________.

a)

nuclear fusion

b)

supernova

c)

luminosity

d)

spectroscopy

30.

How many stars are in space?

a)

10,000

b)

millions

c)

trillions

31.

The smallest and the most common stars giving off very little light.

a)

Blue Giant stars

b)

Red Dwarf stars

c)

White Dwarf stars

d)

Neutron stars

32.

Stars appear to twinkle because

a)

of their temperature

b)

their light is passing through our atmosphere

c)

they constantly change direction

d)

to make a wish on

33.

The closer a star is

a)

the larger it appears

b)

the more hydrogen is in the star

34.

The sun is a star about ________ kilometer away from Earth

a)

60 thousand

b)

22 trillion

c)

149 million

d)

4 billion

35.

The main gases that burn within the sun are

a)

Oxygen and Nitrogen

b)

Hydrogen and Oxygen

c)

Neon and Sulfur

d)

Hydrogen and Helium

36.

The atmosphere of the sun has three parts

a)

corona, chromosphere, photosphere

b)

corona, core, hydrosphere

c)

corona, magnitude, mantle

d)

corona, geosphere, biosphere,

37.

Diameter of the sun is about 108 times bigger than Earth, about _________ Earth's would fit inside the sun.

a)

500

b)

1 thousand

c)

1 million

d)

1 billion

38.

The sun's yellow color indicates that it is a

a)

star made up of stable gases

b)

that it is a mid-range temperature star

c)

that it is a low-range temperature star

d)

that it is a high-range temperature star

39.
When you divide the incoming light from an object into individual colors or wavelengths it's called ___
a)
a time-series graph
b)
a spectrum
c)
a Fourier transform
d)
a histogram
40.
The continuous spectrum of a star has gaps in it, darker bands where different elements ___
a)
absorb different colors
b)
reflect different colors
c)
transmit different colors
d)
refract different colors
41.
The classification scheme used today arranges stars by ___
a)
their size, assigning each a number
b)
their size, assigning each a letter
c)
their temperature, assigning each a number
d)
their temperature, assigning each a letter
42.
Which star, classified as an A0, is the brightest star in the night sky?
a)
Betelgeuse
b)
Sirius
c)
Vega
d)
Rigel
43.
A star can actually emit more green light than any other color but we'll wind up seeing it as ___
a)
white
b)
red
c)
blue
d)
violet
44.
If you look at the Sun's spectrum, it actually peaks ___
a)
in the red
b)
in the blue
c)
in the green
d)
in the yellow
45.
The light from the Sun is white but some of the shorter wavelengths get scattered away by ___
a)
atoms of oxygen in the air
b)
atoms of argon in the air
c)
molecules of nitrogen in the air
d)
molecules of oxygen in the air
46.
The total amount of energy emitted by a star is called its ___
a)
incandescence
b)
luminosity
c)
spectral integrity
d)
apparent brightness
47.
The luminosity of a star depends on ___
a)
its size and temperature
b)
its age and density
c)
its size and distance from us
d)
its age and distance from us
48.
A plot of a stars luminosity vs it's temperature is called ___
a)
an HR diagram, after Hertzsprung and Russell
b)
an HC diagram, after Hertzsprung and Cannon
c)
an CR diagram, after Cannon and Russell
d)
an HS diagram, after Hertzsprung and Saha 
49.
The thick line, running diagonally down an HR diagram is called ___
a)
the general trend
b)
the main sequence
c)
the main trend
d)
the general sequence
50.
Comparatively, as shown on an HR diagram, massive stars are ___
a)
hotter and more luminous
b)
cooler and more luminous
c)
hotter and less luminous
d)
cooler and less luminous
51.
The stars on the lower left of an HR diagram are hot, blue/white but very faint, and are called ___
a)
white giants
b)
blue giants
c)
white dwarfs
d)
blue dwarfs
52.
Most stars live the majority of their lives ___
a)
as white dwarfs
b)
along the main sequence
c)
as red giants
d)
as red super giants
53.
The life cycles of stars are determined by their:
a)
mass (size)
b)
color
c)
distance from Earth
d)
luminosity
54.
After the main sequence, a low mass star becomes a
a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
55.
After the main sequence, a high mass star becomes a
a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
56.
The final stage of a low mass star is a 
a)
neutron star
b)
nebula
c)
black hole
d)
black dwarf
57.
After a supergiant, a high mass star explodes and forms a
a)
supernova
b)
red giant
c)
black hole
d)
planetary nebula
58.
When a nebula heats up, a "baby" star forms in the middle. It is called a
a)
supernova
b)
supergiant
c)
white dwarf
d)
protostar
59.

All stars begin their life in a

a)

Main Sequence

b)

Nebula

c)

Protostar

d)

Black Dwarf

60.

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams show

a)

The electromagnetic spectrum with wave frequencies.

b)

The average surface temperature of stars and their absolute magnitude.

c)

The total amount of valence electrons an element from the periodic table has.

d)

A diagram of the temperatures of layers of the earth.

61.

The Magnitude (brightness) of the Sun is what number on the apparent magnitude scale?

a)

0

b)

+25

c)

-25

d)

None of the above

62.

What does this diagram show?

a)

the morphological classification of galaxies

b)

the evolutionary sequence of galaxies

c)

the color classification of stars

d)

the life cycle sequence of stars

63.

An average star’s life would follow which order

a)

white dwarf, main sequence (average star), giant

b)

main sequence (average star), white dwarf, red giant

c)

main sequence (average star), red giant, white dwarf

d)

red giant, main sequence (average star), white dwarf

64.

Which of the following stars are in correct order from least to most absolute magnitude:

a)

Giants, Super Giants, White Dwarfs

b)

Super Giants, White Dwarfs, Giants

c)

White Dwarfs, Giants, Super Giants

d)

White Dwarfs, Super Giants, Giants

65.

Which set of stars would burn at  higher 

        surface temperatures?

a)

White Dwarfs

b)

Super giants

c)

Giants

d)

None of the above

66.

Which characteristics best describe white dwarfs as compared to giants?

a)

White dwarfs are cooler and dimmer than giants

b)

White dwarfs are cooler and brighter than giants

c)

White dwarfs are warmer and dimmer than giants

d)

White dwarfs are warmer and brighter than giants

67.

Which star is the hottest?

a)

Betelguese

b)

Rigel

c)

The Sun

d)

Aldebaran

68.

Which star is dimmer?

a)

Rigel

b)

Sirius

c)

Sun

d)

Barnard's Star

69.

Which type of galaxy is pictured?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Irregular

c)

Spiral

d)

Barred-Spiral

70.

Which type of galaxy is pictured?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Barred-Spiral

d)

Irregular

71.

Which type of galaxy is pictured

a)

Irregular

b)

Spiral

c)

Barred-Spiral

d)

Elliptical

72.

A gravitationally-bound system of stars, gas, & dark matter is called a...

a)

Galaxy

b)

Universe

c)

Solar System

d)

Nebula

73.

The Milky Way is a/an...

a)

Irregular Galaxy

b)

Spiral Galaxy

c)

Barred-Spiral Galaxy

d)

Elliptical Galaxy

74.

The largest connected system of galaxies is called a...

a)

MIllicluster

b)

Supercluster

c)

Megacluster

d)

Gigacluster

75.

The closest star to our Solar System is...

a)

Proxima Centauri

b)

rho Cassiopeiae

c)

Andromeda

d)

The North Star

76.

How many stars are in our Solar System?

a)

1

b)

1 million

c)

1 billion

d)

1 trillion

77.

An arrangement of stars in a specific spot in the night sky is called a...

a)

Constellation

b)

Solar System

c)

Galaxy

d)

Local Group

78.

Describe the difference between luminosity and magnitude.

a)

Luminosity measures energy, magnitude measures brightness

b)

Luminosity measures brightness, magnitude measures energy

c)

Luminosity measures distance, magnitude measures time

d)

Luminosity measures time, magnitude measures distance

79.

Stars that are further away...

a)

Will be more blueshifted

b)

Will display less parallax

c)

Will always appear dimmer

d)

Will have a greater magnitude

80.

According to Hubble's Law...

a)

Most galaxies are moving towards the Earth

b)

Galaxies further away from the Earth are moving away at a faster rate

c)

Galaxies are blueshifted

d)

Only galaxies close to the Earth are redshifted

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