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Unit 2 test Review

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein found in the membrane. Which organelle synthesized the protein?

a)

Golgi Bodies

b)

Rough ER

c)

Smooth ER

d)

Lysosome

2.
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
a)
glycogen
b)
cellulose
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
3.
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
a)
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
b)
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
c)
It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
d)
The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
4.
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
a)
pinocytosis
b)
osmosis
c)
phagocytosis
d)
exocytosis
5.

Cells tend to be small, with sizes ranging between 1 and 100 mm. These small sizes help to ensure that cells have a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio. Choose the statement that explains why a favorable surface-area-to-volume ratio is advantageous.

a)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and out of cells.

b)

Lower surface-area-to-volume ratios improve the efficiency of transporting materials in and our of cells.

c)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios speed up the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

d)

Higher surface-area-to-volume ratios slow down the flow of cytoplasm within cells.

6.

The Endosymbiotic Theory suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved when an ancient cell engulfed another, forming a permanent symbiotic relationship. Choose the evidence that best justifies this claim.

a)

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts perform energy functions

b)

Eukaryotic cells have many mitochondria

c)

Eukaryotic cells have traits in common with archaea

d)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular loops of unique DNA

7.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT

a)

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Ribosomes

8.
A protein that is destined for the membrane would be made 
a)
on a ribosome that is in the cytoplasm
b)
within a lysosome
c)
on a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
d)
within the Golgi body
9.
Which of the following cells would have the highest surface area to volume ratio?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
they are all the same
10.
Biological membranes are composed primarily of 
a)
nucleotides and nucleosides
b)
enzymes, electron acceptors, and electron donors
c)
monosaccharides and diasaccharides
d)
lipids
11.
In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a _______, with the_______.
a)
bilayer; fatty acids pointing toward each other
b)
bilayer; fatty acids facing outward
c)
single layer; fatty acids facing the interior of the cell
d)
single layer; phosphorus-containing region facing the interior of the cell
12.
The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely
a)
present only in muscle cells
b)
associated with the fatty acid region of the lipids
c)
either on the surface or inserted into the interior of the membrane
d)
exposed on the surface of the membrane
13.
ATP synthesis
a)
chloroplast
b)
mitochondria
c)
lysosome
d)
ribosome
14.
package, modify, and ship proteins
a)
mitochondria
b)
rough ER
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
smooth ER
15.
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a membrane
a)
glucose
b)
NaCl
c)
proteins
d)
water
16.
Which of the following is responsible for getting large or charged (polar) molecules across the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
17.
If a hospital patient is mistakenly given an IV of pure water instead of a saline solution that is isotonic to blood, the patient’s red blood cells will
a)
shrink and collapse
b)
release water to the plasma along its concentration gradient
c)
absorb water from the plasma and eventually burst
d)
transport equal amounts of water across the cell membrane in both directions
18.
Which of the following is the driving force for simple diffusion?
a)
Concentration gradient
b)
ATP hydrolysis
c)
ADP hydrolysis
d)
Phosphorylation
19.
A cell in an isotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
20.
This picture represents which type of cellular transport?
a)
passive transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
21.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink 
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
22.
In what direction do particles naturally diffuse?
a)
Up the concentration gradient
b)
Down the concentration gradient
c)
Across the concentration gradient
d)
Over the river and through the woods
23.
Hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?
a)
E
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A 
24.
Hydrophilic portion of cell membrane?
a)
A
b)
C
c)
D
d)
E 
25.

When particles move from low to high concentration

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Active Transport

26.
_______________  requires energy in the form of ATP
a)
Osmosis
b)
Active transport
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Passive transport
27.

In facilitated diffusion, molecules will through the tunnels called ______________.

a)
Carrier proteins 
b)
Channel proteins
c)
Ion pumps
d)
All of the above
28.
This picture represents what type of cell transport?
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
passive transport
29.
Using this image, what organelle is C?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Large Cell Vacuole
d)
Chloroplast
30.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
a)
Structure that manufactures ribosomes
b)
Structures that converts nutrients to energy
c)
Stack of membranes that packages chemicals
d)
Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell
31.
What is the function of the vacuole?
a)
Sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products
b)
Sac filled with digestive chemicals
c)
Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane
d)
stack of membranes that packages chemicals
32.
What cell part is NOT found in all cells?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Genetic Material
33.
What organelle helps with cell digestion?
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Golgi Complex
d)
ER
34.
Using this image, what organelle is D?
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Flagella
c)
Rough ER
d)
Smooth ER
35.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
a)
There is no difference.
b)
Plants have rough ER, animals have smooth ER.
c)
What type of injuries the Doctors treat.
d)
Rough has ribosomes, smooth does not.
36.
What is the function of nucleus?
a)
Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes. 
b)
Structure that contains DNA and directs the cell 
c)
Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell 
d)
Stack of membranes that packages chemicals
37.

Where are lipids formed?

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosomes

38.

Major component of the lipid bilayer cell membrane.

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Channel Proteins

c)

Phospholipids

d)

Glycolipid/glycoprotein complexes

39.

The hydrophilic head of the phospholipid ___ to interact with water and is said to be ____.

a)

Loves, polar

b)

Loves, nonpolar

c)

Hates, polar

d)

Hates, nonpolar

40.

Because the cell membrane is composed of many small parts that move together as a system, it is said to be _____ _____ (two words).

(a)  

41.

During osmosis, water always moves from an area of ____ solute concentration to ____ solute concentration.

a)

high, high

b)

high, low

c)

low, low

d)

low, high

42.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein found in the membrane. Which organelle synthesized the protein?

a)

Golgi Bodies

b)

Rough ER

c)

Smooth ER

d)

Lysosome

43.

Tay Sachs results from a build-up of fats due to an error in which organelle that is responsible for digesting macromolecules?

a)

rough ER

b)

smooth ER

c)

lysosome

d)

Golgi Bodies

44.

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

a)

Movement of oxygen into a cell

b)

Movement of water through aquaporins

c)

Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

d)

Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance

45.

You are a doctor. A patient comes in dehydrated. What type of solution would be best to place into their IV?

a)

A hypotonic solution to allow the cells to rehydrate.

b)

A slightly hypertonic solution to allow the cells to rehydrate.

c)

An isotonic solution to increase fluid in the body without causing harm to the cells.

d)

An isotonic solution to decrease fluid in the body without causing harm to the cells.

46.

Which of the following describes the difference between passive and active transport?

a)

passive transport involves moving solutes against the concentration gradient using ATP.

b)

active transport involves moving solutes against the concentration gradient using ATP.

c)

passive transport involves moving solutes with the concentration gradient using ATP.

d)

active transport involves moving solutes with the concentration gradient using ATP.

47.

Which of the following describes the difference between channel and carrier transport proteins?

a)

channel proteins bind to solute to shuttle the solute across the membrane

b)

channel proteins provide a nonpolar channel through the membrane

c)

carrier proteins bind to solute to shuttle the solute across the membrane

d)

carrier proteins provide a nonpolar channel through the membrane

48.
___________ strengthens and stabilizes the cell membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
49.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
50.
Something is ___________ ____________
when some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot. 
a)
Selectively (or Semi) Permeable 
b)
Totally Transparent
c)
Liquid Licorice 
d)
Heavily Patrolled 
51.
Food is moved into the cell by ________________________.
a)
endocytosis
b)
pinocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
52.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink 
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
53.
What type of solution allows water to enter the plant cell?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
54.
What are three types of passive transport
a)
Transport proteins, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
b)
None of the ones listed
c)
Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion 
d)
Touchdown, interception, football
55.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
56.

_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Cytoplasm

57.

Which Type of solution is the middle cell placed in?

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

d)

Robotonic

58.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

59.

Which of the following is the "receiving" side of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

cis

b)

trans

c)

gamma

d)

iota

60.

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

Detoxification of the cell and lipid synthesis.

b)

Protein and rRNA synthesis.

c)

Synthesis of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate).

d)

Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are packaged for trafficking to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.

61.

In plants, what is the primary function of vacuoles?

a)

To maintain water pressure inside of the cell.

b)

To remove waste from inside of the cell.

c)

To store nutrients inside of the cell.

d)

To synthesize new membranes for the cell.

62.

What is the primary role of aquaporins?

a)

To transport water across the membrane.

b)

To change the state of water from gas to liquid.

c)

To pump water into the mitochondria for cellular respiration.

d)

To use water for hydrolytic purposes.

63.

Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?

a)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

b)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

c)

A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.

d)

A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.

64.

Which of the following describes a solution that has a higher concentration than the internal environment of the cell?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Transtonic

65.

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, phospholipids___________________.

a)

can shift laterally along the plane of the membranee

b)

frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other

c)

occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane

d)

have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane

66.

Which of the following types of molecules are hydrophilic and therefore excluded from the hydrophobic portion of the phospholipid bilayer?

a)

transmembrane proteins

b)

integral membrane proteins

c)

peripheral proteins

d)

cholesterol

67.

Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

a)

sucrose.

b)

an amino acid.

c)

O2.

d)

Na+.

68.

White blood cells engulf bacteria using _______________.

a)

phagocytosis

b)

pinocytosis

c)

osmosis

d)

receptor-mediated exocytosis

69.

Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?

a)

a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

b)

a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids

c)

a lower temperature

d)

a relatively high protein content in the membrane

70.

Assuming that the purple molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, what would happen to the water level as a result of osmosis?

a)

The water level would rise on the A side

b)

The water level would rise on the B side

c)

The water level would remain constant

d)

The water level would drop on the A side.

71.

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP?

a)

Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions through a chloride channel.

b)

Movement of Na+ ions from lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid.

c)

Movement of glucose molecules into a bacteria cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell.

d)

Movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium.

72.
Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.
a)
gap junctions
b)
plasmodesmata
c)
desmosomes
d)
tight junctions
73.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
a)
central vacuole
b)
chloroplast
c)
wall made of cellulose
d)
mitochondrion
74.
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
a)
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
b)
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
c)
It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
d)
The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
75.
When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?
a)
The cell membrane will lyse.
b)
The cell will burst.
c)
The cell will become turgid.
d)
Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
76.
The LDL receptor is an integral membrane protein that crosses the plasma membrane, with portions of the protein extending both outside and into the interior of the cell. The amino acid side chains (R groups) in the region of the protein that crosses the membrane are most likely
a)
charged
b)
hydrophilic
c)
hydrophobic
d)
carbohydrates
77.
Which of the following functions as a recognition site for interactions between cells?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Cholesterol 
c)
Fatty acids
d)
Glycolipids
78.
Which statement about diffusion is false?
a)
Diffusion does not require ATP
b)
Simple diffusion depends upon specific carrier proteins
c)
In diffusion, molecules move from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration
d)
Diffusion continues until the molecular concentrations are in equilibrium
79.
In a hypothetical study, cells are placed in a solution of glucose in which the concentration of glucose is gradually increased. At first, the rate at which glucose enters the cells is found to increase as the concentration of the glucose solution is increased. But when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10 M, the rate no longer increases. Which of the following is the likely mechanism for glucose transport into these cells?
a)
Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein
b)
Facilitated diffusion via a channel protein
c)
Pinocytosis
d)
Tertiary active transport
80.

If a cells Ψp\Psi p = 3 bars and its  Ψs\Psi s = -4.5 bars, what is the resulting  Ψ\Psi  ?

a)

-7.5

b)

7.5

c)

-1.5

d)

1.5

81.

A cell with a water potential of -1.5 bars is placed in a beaker of sugar water with Ψs\Psi s  = -4.0 bars.  In which direction will the net flow of water be?

a)

Out of the cell

b)

Into the cell

c)

Both into and out of the cell

d)

Neither into nor out of the cell

82.

What is the Ψs\Psi s   of a 1.0M sugar solution at 22 °\degree C under standard atmospheric conditions?

a)

-24.5 bars

b)

24.5 bars

c)

-2.45

d)

2.45

83.

A plant cell with a Ψs\Psi s  of -7.5 bars keeps a constant volume when immersed in an open-beaker solution that has a  Ψs\Psi s  of -4 bars.  What is the cells  Ψp\Psi p  ?

a)

-4

b)

-7.5

c)

-3.5

d)

3.5

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