Match the statements to the openings of the diaphragm

A) There exists _ azygous vein(s), _ sympathetic trunk(s), and _ thoracic duct(s).

B) The (a)   travel diagonally and supplies the last couple of intercostal spaces then goes on to supply the diaphragm anteriorly/posteriorly.

5 Blanks! Answer them all

Dotted in purple is the _____ vein and dotted in aqua green is the _____ vein which both drain blood from the ___ posterior intercostal veins.

B) The phrenic nerve travels with the ______ artery.

(a)  

Similar to the pericardium of the heart, the lungs have similar structures - each lung is enclosed in a ______. That which lines the lungs directly is the _____. That which lines the cavity (continuous with the first structure) is the _____ and in between, a potential space exists called the _____.

(a)  

In the left lung, the _______ separates the _____ lobe from the _____ lobe

(a)  

A) The _______ crosses in front of the root of the lung and travels distally embedded in the pericardium on route to the diaphragm.

B) The ______ in the region of the SUPERIOR mediastinum travels lateral to the arch of the aorta heading posteriorly

C) The ______ supply blood to the tissues of the lungs

(a)  

in the developing fetus, blood does not travel to the fetal lungs for oxygenation as the maternal blood brings oxygenated blood via the _____ which enters through the _____ of the fetus – it travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. The _____ is a partial wall in a way associated with the inferior vena cava that helps direct this oxygenated blood to the opening between the two atria (foramen ovale).

(a)  

A) The _____ border of the superior mediastinum is at the _______ – where the internal jugular vein meets a subclavian vein AND where the thoracic duct gets drained!

B) Internally exists a _____ in between the two ventricles (a wall) and a _____ in between the two atria.

(a)  

A) ______ return their venous blood from the anterior aspect of the heart directly to the right atrium – they sort of hop over the atrioventricular groove (travel from right ventricle to right atria) and are usually quite thin and easy to probe through.

B) As the descending aorta travels distally, it crosses the intercostal spaces and supplies blood to them via the ______

(a)  

_____ are the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle itself. They are located within _____ embedded in fat and covered with _____ pericardium.

(a)  

A) ​ (a)  

B) ​ (b)  

C) ​ (c)  

D) ​ (d)  

The circumflex artery is a branch of the ______ artery and travels in the ______ groove. The _______, which drains deoxygenated venous blood from the heart muscle (myocardium) itself to the right atrium ALSO travels in this groove!

(a)  

Name the components of the thorax

A) _______ guard the exit of blood from the ventricles

B) The inferior border of the heart is approximately at vertebral level __

(a)  

C) ______

A) ______

Outlined in blue is the _____

D) ______

B) ______

(a)  

______ veins receive venous blood from the intercostal spaces and empty into the _____, which drains into the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava at the level of the _____ and arches over the ______

(a)  

The _____ is shaped a bit like a circle and makes its way around the whole circumference of the heart (personally, I believe a bit diagonally).

The _____ does NOT make a full circle around the heart and is instead U shaped (makes its way partially around the heart)

Use the full name if possible!

(a)  

Of the 3 great vessels of the heart, the _____ brings blood back to the heart from the head, neck, and upper limb region. Its tributaries are the _____, whose tributaries are the _____, which bring venous blood from the upper limbs, and _____, which bring venous blood from the head & neck.

Try to use the full names!

(a)  

When the right coronary artery turns inferiorly/superiorly at the crux, it is renamed to the _____ artery and now travels in the _____.

(a)  

A) The space/place between the inferior border of the manubrium and superior border of the body of the sternum is known as the ______ and exists at vertebral level ______(Type in format 'L3-L4')

B) The xiphoid process exists approximately at vertebral level ___ (Type in format 'L2' [2^nd lumbar vertebra])

C) The body of the sternum exists approximately at vertebral level ___-___ (Type in format 'L3-L4')

D) The ____ separates the thorax from the abdomen and sits in the inferior mediastinum (use the full word if you can).

(a)  

A) The _______ is the anatomical feature which provides roots to which structures gain access to the head, neck & upper limbs. List the structures that bound it.

B) The ________ is the anatomical feature which provides roots to which structures gain access to the abdomen, pelvis, & lower limbs. List the structures that bound it - and what is contained within it.

The right coronary artery has two branches anteriorly oriented.

If we follow the vessel distally, we will see a branch fairly early – a very tiny, skinny artery travelling superiorly to the approximate location of where the superior vena cava empties into the right atrium called the _____ artery.

Further distal, as the right coronary artery travels near the inferior margin of the heart, the _______ should be visible making its way towards the apex of the heart traveling on the inferior margin of the heart.

(a)  

Green structures: ______

Blue structures: ______

Orange structures: ______

These are all features of _________

(a)  

A) Boxed in red is the ______ and boxed in purple are the TWO _______

B) The _____ must be reflected laterally to see the left and right coronary arteries

(a)  

Two structures bifurcate distally at the level of the sternal angle - the _____ and _____.

(a)  

If we were the pin the surface of the heart, and you see shininess and a bunch of fat, what would you be seeing?

(a)  

A) The pulmonary and semilunar valves are made up of _ cusps

B) Posteriorly venous blood enters the right atria – the opening of the coronary sinus internally is right next to the opening of the (a)