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WorksheetsRTP 1300 final review
Total questions: 59
Worksheet time: 45mins
Which structure would most likely be affected by decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes and shortness of breath?
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
diaphragm
What is the path of deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs?
left atrium > pulmonary arteries
right ventricle> right atrium> lungs
left atrium> left ventricle> pulmonary veins
right atrium> right ventricle> pulmonary artery> lungs
Air enters the pleural space in a pneumothorax. What effect does this have on lung function?
lung compliance will increase
lung compliance will decrease
pleural pressure decreases
enhances alveolar gas exchange
What is the diagnosis for a patient experiencing paradoxical chest movement after trauma?
flail chest
rib fracture
pneumothorax
diaphragmatic hernia
Gas exchange in the lungs primarily occurs where?
veins
arteries
arterioles
pulmonary capillaries
What changes in the lungs leads to hyperinflation in patients with COPD?
loss of lung elasticity
increased lung elasticity
overproduction of surfactant
constriction of the trachea
What is the main consequence of a pulmonary embolism on lung physiology?
decreased alveolar deadspace
increased alveolar deadspace
decreased RAW
decreased CL
True or False: Fluid in the alveoli affects gas exchange because of decreased diffusion
true
false
What happens physiologically during bronchoconstriction in asthma?
increased lung CL
increased RAW
decreased alveolar pressure
decreased surfactant production
Fluid in the alveoli decreases gas exchange by
increasing diffusion
increasing surface area
decreasing diffusion
increasing lung compliance
Which of the following occurs in emphysema? Select all that apply
decreased lung elasticity
increased lung compliance
increased RAW
decreased RAW
What causes an increase in tidal volume (Vt) during exercise?
increased diaphragm and intercostal muscle activity
increased RAW
decreased lung CL
decreased respiratory center activity
True or false. The Bohr effect is best described by decreased 02 binding at high CO2 levels
true
false
What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
reduces surface tension in the alveoli
increases RAW
enhances 02 diffusion
increases alveolar elasticity
True or false. An increase in lung compliance can be seen in emphysema
true
false
Which of the following can cause a right shift of the 02 dissociation curve?
increased pH
Increased 2,3, DPG
decreased temperature
decreased CO2
How does a bronchodilator affect RAW in an asthmatic patient?
decreases RAW
increases RAW
Has no effect on RAW
True or false. PaCO2 levels are decreased in hypoventilation
true
false
What does it mean when a patient with CHF experiences orthopnea?
shortness of breath is relieved by sitting in an upright position
the patient is breathing shallow and slow
the patient is breathing fast and deep
the patient is breathing deep and fast with periods of apnea
What role does the medulla oblongata play in respiration
controls cardiac output
controls cardiac output
automatically controls the rate and depth of breathing
adjusts surfactant production
An increase in pH will shift the 02 dissociation curve
to the right
to the left
upside down
no change
What effect does hypoxia have on the pulmonary arteries?
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
no effect
True or false: the diaphragm is the most important muscle during respiration?
true
false
What happens to lung volumes in restrictive lung diseases?
FRC increases
TLC increases
RV increases
VC decreases
Which condition would lead to a decrease in lung CL? Select all that apply
pulmonary fibrosis
atelectasis
pneumonia
emphysema
True or False. Decreased alveolar surface area is a complication that can affect gas exchange
True
False
What is the correct formula for CaO2?
[(Pb-H2O) FiO2]-(PaCo2 x 1.25)
(1.34 x Hbg x 1) + (0.003x PA02)
(1.34 x Hbg x SaO2%) + (0.003 x PaO2)
(1.34 x Hbg x SvO2%) + (0.003 x PvO2)
What is the correct formula for DO2 (total oxygen delivery)?
CO x CaO2
SV x HR
VT x RR
Ca02- Cv02
What is the correct formula for O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio)
lQt [C(a-v)O2]
SV x HR
CaO2/CvO2
CaO2-CvO2/CaO2
What is the most likely impact on 02 transport on a patient that has a significantly decreased Hb but a normal PaO2 and an SaO2 of 98%
decreased 02 content
increased 02 content
no effect on 02 transport
What is the correct formula for VO2?
CaO2-CaO2
Qt (CaO2-CvO2)
CvO2-CaO2
none of the above
How will hypovolemic shock affect DO2?
Increases DO2
Decreased DO2
no effect on DO2
Which condition is most likely indicated with a reduced FEV1 but a normal TLC?
COPD
pneumonia
pleural effusion
pulmonary fibrosis
In a patient with restrictive lung disease, which PFT result would be expected?
increased RV
decreased TLC
increased DLCO
decreased FEV1/FVC
A COPD patient's PFT shows a decreased DLCO. What is most likely the cause of this?
pulmonary edema
increased alveolar surface area
increased hemoglobin levels
destruction of the alveolar walls
A patient with pneumonia has impaired gas exchange. Which factor is most likely contributing to the diffusinon impairment?
increased V/Q ratio
increased deadspace
thickened ACM
decreased tidal volume
A patient is experiencing shortness of breath and pulmonary edema due to heart failure. How does pulmonary edema affect diffusion in the lungs?
decreases RAW
increased alveolar surface area
increased the distance for gas diffusion
decreases the pressure gradient for oxygen diffusion
A significantly reduced DLCO would most likely indicate what?
pulmonary fibrosis
asthma
pulmonary embolism
chronic bronchitis
A COPD patient presents with dyspnea and increased WOB. On exam, the therapist notes a prolonged expiratory phase and accessory muscle use to breathe. What is most likely the cause of this abnormal breathing?
decreased lung compliance
metabolic acidosis
increased RAW
restrictive lung disease
What effect does hyperventilation have on PaCO2 and blood pH
decreased PaCO2, increased pH
increased PaCO2, decreased pH
increased PaCO2, increased pH
decreased PaCO2, decreased pH
Which breathing pattern is described by deep labored breathing with an abnormally high respiratory rate and can be seen with metabolic acidosis?
Kussmaul
Biot's
Cheyne-Stokes
Apnea
Which part of the brain is most likely affected in a brain injury patient who is demonstrating irregular, gasping respirations
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
A patient with a history of opioid use is demonstrating periods of apnea, followed by rapid, shallow breaths. What is this breathing pattern?
Biot's
Kussmaul
Orthopnea
Eupnea
Irregular, gasping breaths with long inspiratory pauses can be described as what breathing pattern?
cheyne-stokes
eupnea
tachypnea
apneustic
What breathing pattern would you most likely observe in a Guillain-Barre patient who is showing signs of hypoventilation
rapid and shallow
apnea
slow and shallow
kussmaul respirations
How does severe kyphoscoliosis affect ventilation?
increases FRC
increases RAW
increases Vt
decreases lung cL
What affect does severe hypoventilation have on PaCO2?
PaCO2 will decrease
PaCO2 will remain the same
PaCO2 will increase
Interpret the ABG:
pH 7.28
PaCo2 57 mm Hg
HCO3 24 mEq/L
metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
A V/Q mismatch indicates a discrepancy between the air reaching the alveoli and the blood perfusing the alveoli
true
false
True or False: an increase in temperature causes a right shift in the oxygen disassociation curve
true
false
What is the stretch receptor reflex in the lungs that inhibit over inflation?
Hering-Breuer
baroreceptor
sneeze
irritant reflex
What is the correct formula for VE?
RR x Vt
Vt/RR
(Vt-VD) x RR
FEV1 x RR
What is the physiologic reason for hyperventilation in a patient with metabolic acidosis?
increased response to oxygen
increased deadspace ventilation
compensation by decreasing CO2 levels
increased lung cL
How would administering a blood transfusion affect 02 transport on a patient with a PaO2 of 55 mmHg, a SaO2 of 85% and a Hbg level of 8g/dL?
it would decrease CaO2 and PaO2
It would increase SaO2 but decrease PaO2
it would increase o2 transport by increasing the CaO2
An increased A-a gradient indicates what about gas exchange in the lungs?
CO2 retention is causing hypoxia
the patient has decreased lung elasticity
There is a V/Q mismatch
the patient has increase lung compliance
A patient with a spinal cord injury above the level of C3 is experiencing respiratory failure. Why is this injury likely to result in ventilatory failure?
increased alveolar surface area
loss of control over the diaphragm
increased lung cL
enhanced neural control of breathing
How does a pulmonary embolism affect ventilation and perfusion?
normal ventilation with decreased perfusion
increased perfusion to alveoli and decreased ventilation
decreased ventilation and perfusion to the affected area
increased ventilation with normal perfusion
A patients PaO2 is 50 mmHg despite being on 100% Fio2. What is the likely cause of the patients refractory hypoxemia?
decreased Vt
Increased PVR
increased lung cL
shunting of blood past non-ventilated alveoli
How is mucociliary transport affected in the lungs of a patient with cystic fibrosis?
thick mucus impairs the movement of cilia, reducing the clearance of mucus from the airways
cilia move too quickly, causing mucus to be cleared faster than normal
mucus becomes too thin, causing cilia to overwork
cilia become longer, leading to excessive mucus produciton
