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Geosphere Review (Rocks, Earth's Layers, Pl. Tectonics, Rel Age)

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How are the materials of the Earths core different from those of the crust (in general)?

a)

They are harder

b)

They are more dense

c)

They are older

d)

They are darker in color

2.

Which area of the Earth is least dense ?

a)

Outer core

b)

inner core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

3.

Which things increase as depth increases into the Earth?

a)

time

b)

Pressure

c)

temperature

d)

density

4.

What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?

a)

Mantle

b)

inner core

c)

outer core

d)

crust

5.

Which layer of the Earth has the most VOLUME?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

6.

How do scientists know the Earth has layers?

a)

Drilling into the mantle

b)

Volcanoes

c)

Seismic waves data

d)

ocean waves

7.

What process is the pictures showing?

a)

comprehension

b)

mantle

c)

Earth's layers

d)

convection

e)

melting

8.

What processes causes tectonic plates move?

a)

mountain building

b)

earthquakes

c)

convection currents

d)

water cycle

e)

subduction zones

9.

What phenomena takes place that results in the formation of new crust at mid-ocean ridges?

a)

Earthquakes

b)

Inner Core turbulence

c)

plate tectonics

d)

erosion of mountain ridges

e)

magma rising to the surface

10.

What evidence exists that proves that Earth has layers?

a)

They can be seen from special locations on the Earth

b)

observations of earthquakes and buildings swaying

c)

seismic data from earthquakes on the other side of the Earth

d)

tsunami data from other countries and the impact on the land

e)

rock samples from deep layers

11.

The heat from the interior of the Earth is very, very slowly being lost. Where is it losing this thermal energy?

a)

Earth's surface

b)

Earth's oceans

c)

Earth's moon

d)

Earth's poles

e)

Earth's equator

12.
What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
a)
the crust
b)
the mantle
c)
the outer core
d)
the inner core
13.
What describes the outer core?
a)
solid
b)
liquid
c)
viscous
d)
gas
14.
Which layer(s) of the Earth make up the asthenosphere?
a)
Part of the mantle
b)
Crust, mantle, Core
c)
Crust and upper mantle
d)
Only the crust
15.
What layer is a semisolid and acts like a plastic?
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Mantle
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
crust
16.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
a)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
17.

The breaking down of rocks by factors such as wind and water.

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

compaction

18.

The movement of sediments by wind and water.

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

cementation

19.

The laying down of sediment at a location.

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

compaction

d)

deposition

20.

Layers of sediment being squeezed and pressed together.

a)

weathering

b)

compaction

c)

deposition

d)

cementation

21.

___ occurs when sediments crystalize and join together.

a)

cementation

b)

erosion

c)

weathering

d)

compaction

22.

Rock made up of sediments, such as sand, silt, and pieces of shell.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

23.

Rock made from lava or magma cooling and hardening.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

24.

Made from existing rock exposed to extreme heat and pressure.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

25.

Rocks being constantly broken down and reformed is the ____

a)

fossil cycle

b)

pebble cycle

c)

rock cycle

d)

evolution cycle

26.

The thickest layer of the Earth where convection currents occur.

a)

crust

b)

core

c)

mantle

27.

The lithosphere is the rocky upper layer containing Earth's ....

a)

crust and upper mantle

b)

crust and core

c)

upper mantle and outer core

d)

outer core and inner core

28.

The lithosphere contains tectonic plates that glide over the ____ .

a)

mesosphere

b)

atmosphere

c)

asthenosphere

29.

Convection currents are the force that moves earth's tectonic plates.

a)

true

b)

false

30.

Which is MORE DENSE, continental crust or oceanic crust?

a)

Oceanic crust

b)

Continental crust

31.

Which is THICKER, continental crust or oceanic crust?

a)

continental crust

b)

oceanic crust

32.

Tectonic plates are located in earth's __.

a)

core

b)

lithosphere

c)

mantle

d)

asthenosphere

33.

Earth's magnetic field is caused by the iron ___.

a)

mantle

b)

crust

c)

core

34.

The earth's lithosphere is broken up into plates that continuously move.

a)

Theory of Continental Drift

b)

Theory of Plate Tectonics

c)

Theory of Moving Continents

d)

Theory of Superposition

35.

The Law of Superposition states that ____ rock is located above older rock.

a)

younger

b)

older

c)

the same age

36.

Sedimentary rock cannot become metamorphic rock.

a)

true

b)

false

37.

Mountain ranges can be produced when tectonic plates collide and push areas of Earth’s crust to higher elevations. What is the correct term for this process?

a)

deposition

b)

subsidence

c)

erosion

d)

uplift

38.

What is the relationship between magma and lava?

a)

They are both molten rock found at different depths below Earth’s surface.

b)

Lava is magma that has reached Earth’s surface.

c)

They are both types of solid material that spew out of a volcano.

d)

Magma is lava that has reached Earth’s surface.

39.

The Rocky Mountains formed when the Pacific plate collided with the North American plate. Which of the following terms describes this process?

a)

ridge push

b)

transform boundary

c)

divergent boundary

d)

convergent boundary

40.

What happens at a convergent tectonic plate boundary?

a)

Two tectonic plates collide with one another, causing subduction and/or mountain building.

b)

One tectonic plate pulls apart into two new plates, forming a rift or ridge.

c)

Two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other along Earth’s surface, forming long fault lines.

d)

Two tectonic plates pull away from one another, decreasing rock deformation.

41.

Which statement describes one way in which a divergent boundary is different from a transform boundary?

a)

At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates collide with each other.

b)

Plates slide past each other at a divergent boundary.

c)

At a transform boundary, tectonic plates move away from each other.

d)

Plates grind past each other at a transform boundary.

42.

Mainly igneous rocks have been found in a specific area on land. Which natural event most likely took place in the area to form the rocks?

a)

landslide

b)

flooding river

c)

earthquake

d)

volcanic eruption

43.

Which type of stress causes deformation that leads to earthquakes at converging plate boundaries?

a)

tension

b)

shear stress

c)

stretching

d)

compression

44.

The flow chart below shows how a metamorphic rock can change into a sedimentary rock. Which term should replace the question mark?

a)

cooling

b)

deposition

c)

melting

d)

weathering

45.

How is the outer core of Earth different from the inner core?

a)

The outer core is solid, and the inner core is liquid.

b)

The outer core is made of nickel, and the inner core is made of iron.

c)

The outer core is liquid, and the inner core is solid.

d)

The outer core is made of iron, and the inner core is made of nickel.

46.

Florida is not close to the edge of a tectonic plate. Therefore, which one of the following features does not exist in or beneath Florida?

a)

crust

b)

tectonic plate

c)

mantle

d)

tectonic plate boundary

47.

Rocks and sediment change their form as they move through the rock cycle. Which change involves melting?

a)

lava to rock

b)

rock to magma

c)

magma to lava

d)

rock to sediment

48.

The San Andreas Fault in California is a strike-slip fault (transform). Which of these statements best describes a strike-slip fault?

a)

One fault block moves up relative to the other.

b)

Two fault blocks move in the same direction.

c)

One fault block moves down relative to the other.

d)

Two fault blocks move past each other horizontally.

49.

Volcanoes often form at convergent plate boundaries. Which set of arrows represents a convergent plate boundary?

a)
b)
c)
d)
50.

Which of these answers best describes compression caused by tectonic plate movement?

a)

stress that slides rocks past one another

b)

stress that stretches rocks

c)

stress that squeezes rocks

d)

stress that pulls rocks apart

51.

The rock cycle describes how rocks change. What two conditions must be present for either igneous rock or sedimentary rock to change into metamorphic rock?

a)

heat and pressure

b)

earthquakes

c)

water

d)

volcanoes

52.

How does sedimentary rock usually form?

a)

in large crystals

b)

in swirling bands

c)

in vertical layers

d)

in horizontal layers

53.

Fossils of the same plants and animal species have been found on continents that are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. Which of the following statements does this observation support?

a)

These animals and plants crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

b)

The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean once formed a single landmass.

c)

The Atlantic Ocean was once a large body of freshwater.

d)

The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean have the same kinds of organisms today as they did millions of years ago.

54.

A scientific ____________ is a broad explanation for events that is widely accepted as true.

a)

law

b)

observation

c)

theory

d)

method

55.

The densest layer of the Earth is the

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

lithosphere

d)

inner core

56.

Convection currents in this layer cause the movement of Earth's plates

a)

crust

b)

upper mantle

c)

lower mantle

d)

inner core

57.

The breaking down of materials due to water, wind, ice and gravity

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

compaction

58.

Metamorphic rock can be found at _____ boundaries

a)

divergent

b)

insurgent

c)

transform

d)

convergent

59.

A rock undergoes extreme heat and pressure, it has become a _______ rock

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

mighty morphin

60.

Rock formed by the process of weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation.

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

granite

61.

Limestone caves can develop when limestone is weathered. Which of the following best explains how limestone can be weathered?

a)

moss and plants grew on limestone and broke it down

b)

water flowing through the rock dissolved the limestone

c)

wind blowing across the surface eroded limestone

d)

animals burrowed through the limestone

62.

The type of rock you're most likely to find fossils in is

a)

metamorphic

b)

sedimentary

c)

igneous

d)

Dwayne the Rock

63.

The rock cycle is driven in part by _________________.

a)

The Earth's mantle

b)

The Earth's core

c)

The Earth's tectonic plates

d)

The Earth's rock cycle

64.

The __________________ are chains of undersea mountains.

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridges

b)

Ocean Trench

c)

Divergent boundary

d)

Transform boundary

65.

______________________ continually adds materials to the ocean floor creating ocean floor.

a)

Sea-floor spreading

b)

Ocean trenches

c)

Divergent mid-ocean ridges

d)

Convergent mid-ocean ridges

66.

Oceans plates sink back into the mantle at _______________ zones, keeping the crust the same size.

a)

Mid-ocean ridges

b)

Ocean trenches

c)

Subduction

d)

Transforming

67.

_____________________ are undersea that are the deepest part of the ocean.

a)

Divergent trenches

b)

Ocean trenches

c)

Transform trenches

d)

Mid-ocean trenches

68.

This plate boundary moves land apart, creating an ocean trench or a valley on land : ________________________

a)

Divergent boundary

b)

Transform boundary

c)

Convergent boundary

d)

Mid-Ocean voundary

69.

This tectonic plate boundary creates mountain ranges: ____________________

a)

Divergent boundary

b)

Convergent boundary

c)

Transform boundary

d)

Mid-oceanic boundary

70.

This tectonic plate slips past each other nor creating or destroying land formations: _____________

a)

Divergent boundary

b)

Transform boundary

c)

Convergent boundary

d)

Mid-Ocean boundary

71.

The outermost layer of rock on Earth, especially the part of the earth above the mantle is called ________________

a)

Crust

b)

Rock Cycle

c)

Plate tectonics

d)

Subduction zones

72.

The region of the earth's interior between the crust and the core is called the ________________.

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Both the crust and the mantle

d)

Both the mantle and the core

73.

Which tectonic plate boundary SLIDES past each other...

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Transform

d)

Continental

74.

Which tectonic plate moves TOWARDS each other...

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Transform

d)

Continental

75.

Which tectonic plate moves AWAY from each other...

a)

Divergent

b)

Continental

c)

Transform

d)

Covergent

76.

An ocean trench is the same as a __________ on land.

a)

Mountain

b)

Valley

c)

Earthquake

d)

Volcano

77.

Which of these is NOT causes by the moving of tectonic plates?

a)

Valleys

b)

Mountains

c)

Earthquakes

d)

Hurricanes

78.

How do these rock formations support the idea that Earth has changed due to natural processes?

a)

It has changed because of Erosion

b)

It has changed because of Plate Tectonics

c)

It has changed because of gravitational pulls of the Earth

d)

It has changed because of different rock layers.

79.

The Law of Superposition states that

a)

the older layers of rock are at the bottom

b)

the older layer of rock are at the top

c)

the younger layer of rock is at the bottom

d)

the younger layer of rock is in the middle

80.

Which statement is correct

a)

Layer 2 is younger than layer 4

b)

Layer 1 is younger than layer 4

c)

Layer 2 is older than layer 1

d)

Layer 3 is younger than layer 1

81.

What geologic principle(or law) is best displayed here?

a)

Superposition

b)

Original horizontality

c)

Cross-cutting relationships

d)

Inclusions

82.

The youngest material of the ocean floor is found at mid-ocean _________.

a)

ridges

b)

trenches

c)

basins

d)

rifts

83.
Name this type of boundary
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary 
c)
Transform
d)
Volcanoes
84.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
85.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Transform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Plate
86.
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, these are formed in the deepest part of the ocean basin.
a)
seamounts
b)
mid-ocean ridges
c)
trenches
d)
abyssal plains
87.
Which of these rock layers is relatively the newest?
a)
Kaibab formation
b)
Zoraster Granite
c)
Redwall limestone
d)
Unkar group
88.
Which type of rock replaces bone and other hard organic materials to create rock molds of fossils?
a)
metamorphic
b)
sedimentary 
c)
extrusive igneous
89.
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that an igneous intrusion is 
a)
always younger than the layers it cuts across
b)
always older than the layers it cuts across
c)
the same age as the rock it melted
d)
none of the answers are correct
90.
This is the name for the chain of volcanos around the edge of the Pacific Plate.
a)
Circle of Fire
b)
Ring of Lava
c)
Ring of Fire
d)
Circle of Magma
91.
Why does magma tend to rise to the surface?
a)
It has large amounts of silica.
b)
It contains very little silica.
c)
It is denser than the surrounding material.
d)
It is less dense than the surrounding material.
92.
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a ________.
a)
divergent boundary
b)
convergent boundary
c)
transform fault
d)
subduction zone
93.

Which piece of evidence below was NOT used by Wegener to support the Theory of Continental Drift?

a)

Human remains have been found in Europe and North America.

b)

Matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents.

c)

Matching rock formations found across oceans on different continents.

d)

Africa shows evidence of glacial activity.

94.
Single, large landmass (also known as super continent) 
a)
Pandora
b)
Pretty Princess
c)
Patrick
d)
Pangaea
95.

Which statement best describes the Ring of Fire?

a)

Active hot spots are found along its boundaries.

b)

Inactive hot spots are found along its boundaries.

c)

It is a tectonically active area that includes many volcanoes

d)

It is a tectonically inactive area that includes many dormant volcanoes.

96.

All organisms contain the element_________, so it is used to find the ages of fossils.

a)

carbon-14

b)

carbon-12

c)

carbon

d)

carbon age

97.
Analyze the seashell found in the white layer.  Which statement is true of the rock layer that contains this fossil?
a)
It could also contain a fossil from the bottom layer.
b)
It is older than the layers below it.
c)
It is younger than the layers above it.
d)
It is older than the layers above it.
98.
How do geologists use relative dating?
a)
Placing rocks in order from youngest to oldest
b)
Placing rocks in order by minerals they contain
c)
Classifying rocks by different textures
d)
Classifying rocks by different isotopes
99.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
100.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get

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