WorksheetsEnergy and Waves Flash Cards and Test
Total questions: 92
Worksheet time: 54mins
the length (in space) of one complete wave cycle, measured in distance units
Example.
crest to crest distance on a water wave
a wave in which the direction of the vibration is parallel to the direction the energy travels
Example.
sound
Term definition.
the movement of electrons from the ground state in atoms to higher orbitals and back due to the absorption and emission of energy
Example.
neon lights
chemical reactions.
solid materials.
Electron Transitions
Emission of sound .
Term definition.
a reflection in which no image is seen
Example.
reflection from a wall
Light passing through a transparent object.
Example.
Window
Transmission
Threshold of Pain
sound at 20 dB
sound at 80 dB
sound at 120 dB
sound at 10 dB
the peaks, or highest points, of a vertically vibrating transverse wave
A mirror that curves outward (the center is closer to the observer than the edges)
Example.
Side view car mirror
the bending of a light ray's direction of travel as it passes from one material to another
Example.
A pencil looks bent when placed in water.
electrons in orbitals higher than the ground state
Threshold of Hearing
120 decibels (dB)
light with frequencies that humans can see
Example.
Wavelengths: Red is long. Violet is short.
Frequency: Red is low. Violet is high.
Visible light frequencies range from approximately 400 THz (violet to 700 THz (red).
Visible light frequencies range from approximately 400 THz (red) to 700 THz (violet).
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material or substance.
Example.
the thermosphere - high temperature from few molecules moving fast
the time it takes to complete one full wave cycle, measured in seconds
Example.
a 17 second stop-light cycle
period
height
wavelength
A collision in which both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved
Example.
Atoms colliding.
an increase in the frequency of a wave when an emitter and/or an observer move toward each other and a decrease in the frequency when the objects move apart
Example.
Police radar
a measure of how fast the wave energy moves from one place to another
Example.
speed of light
a longitudinal wave with areas of high and low pressure, or density
Example.
sound
Compression Wave
A ____ wave is a type of longitudinal wave in which the material moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave propagation
a disturbance that transports energy as it moves through space and time
Example.
water wave, electromagnetism, sound
a particle of light energy
Example.
particle nature of light
A type of nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an unstable element decays into another element as it emits particles and energy. With the exception of gamma ray emission, the element transforms into a different element during radioactive decay.
Example.
Carbon 14 decay
Radioactive/Nuclear decay
a reflection that looks like the image
Example.
mirrors
specular
A material that does not allow the light to pass through.
Example.
Wood
a description of the frequency of a sound wave; high-pitched sounds have high-frequency waves
Volume
sound wave
pitch
Amplitude
the unit for energy in US customary units
A reaction in which energy is released as some particles in an atomic nucleus transform into other nucleons and/or particles.
Example.
Fission, fusion
heat transfer by an electromagnetic wave
the transfer of heat by a moving fluid, like air and water
heat rising from a lit candle
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 mass unit of the material by 1 degree
the change of one type of energy into another type
Example.
sledding down a hill - potential energy into kinetic energy
energy that is stored in the position or configuration of objects
ball on top of a hill; two positive electrical charges close together
the valleys, or lowest points, of a vertically vibrating transverse wave
Plane Mirror
Term definition.
the material that carries a mechanical wave
Example.
air for sound wave, a string for a violin
the thermal energy transferred from a hot object to a cooler object
a hot water bottle next to your sore shoulder transfers thermal energy in the form of heat
the maximum displacement of a particle of the medium during a vibration (measured from non-vibrating position to one crest)
height of an ocean wave above the ocean's normal surface height
Amplitude
An image that only appears to exist. In a mirror, it forms from diverging light rays that appear to have originated behind the mirror.
A mirror that curves inward (the center is further from the observer than the edges)
Makeup mirror
Waves consisting of vibrating electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic waves can travel through a (a) because they do not require a (b) . Emitted by all objects with a temperature above absolute (c) .
Example.
light, radio waves, x-rays
the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a mechanical system
Total Thermal Energy
the ability to create heat (thermal energy transfer) or do work (apply a force that moves something through a distance)
the ability to create heat (thermal energy transfer)
Thermogenesis
do work (apply a force that moves something through a distance)
gasoline has stored ____ energy
potential chemical
Gasoline is a form of (a) energy; the energy is (b) in the (c) bonds between the molecules within the gasoline
and is (d) when it is burned, transforming into thermal energy (heat) and kinetic energy (motion) in a (e) engine.
In a spark ignition engine, the fuel is mixed with (a) and then inducted into the cylinder during the intake process. After the (b) compresses the fuel-air mixture, the spark ignites it, causing (c) . The expansion of the combustion gases pushes the piston during the power stroke.
When fuel is mixed with air, a combustible mixture is created, meaning that if ignited by a spark, it will rapidly burn, releasing (a) and expanding gases, which is the fundamental principle behind internal combustion engines where this process drives the piston to generate power; this is called combustion combustion- a chemical reaction between substances, usually including (b) and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame
Physical waves that travel through a medium.
(a) waves require a physical medium like air or water to travel through, while (b) waves can propagate through a vacuum, meaning they don't need a medium to travel; essentially, mechanical waves are disturbances in matter, whereas electromagnetic waves are fluctuations in electric and magnetic fields.
Remember air is a physical medium
Specific Heat-The heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance with a given mass by a given number of degrees.
h=Q
m=mass
c=specific heat capacity
t=temp
Δheat=mcΔT
heat is
change in the temperature
mass
joules
joules per gram times kelvin or
joules per gram times celcius
Δheat=mcΔT
T
change in the temperature
mass
joules
joules per gram times kelvin or
joules per gram times celcius
Δheat=mcΔT
c is
change in the temperature
mass
joules
joules per gram times kelvin or
joules per gram times celcius
Δheat=mcΔT
m
change in the temperature
mass measure in grams
joules
joules per gram times kelvin or
joules per gram times celcius
If you want to convert something to kilo's
ex. like joules to kilojoules you divide by
10
100
1,000
10,000
A 500 gram cube of lead is heated from 25 Celsius to 75 Celsius. How much energy was required to heat the lead. The specific heat was 0.129 j/g.
3225 J
A 500 gram cube of lead is heated from 25 Celsius to 70 Celsius. How much energy was required to heat the lead. The specific heat was 0.129 j/g.
3225 kJ
3.225 kJ
32.25 kJ
322.5 kj
Specific heat capacity of water is
4.184 J/g°C
What mass of water can be heated from 25 to 50 Celsius by the addition of 2825 joules?
27 grams or .027 kilograms
37 grams or .037 kilograms
57 grams or .057 kilograms
17 grams or .017 kilograms
Two identical aquariums were next to an open window. One aquarium had a plastic cover on it, and the other was uncovered. Both temp went from 20 c to 15 c.
During this time thermal energy was transferred from surrounding to aquarium.
During this time thermal energy was transferred from aquarium to surrounding.
a measure of the severity or volume of a behavior when it occurs
measure
analysis
Intensity
frequency
A teacher notes that over time, with coaching and reminders, an autistic student's verbal self-stimulation has gotten quieter and less disruptive.
dont pick
intensity example
The units of heat and energy in the SI system (metric system).
The energy carried by light transforms into vibrations of the atoms and molecules and does not pass through the material. because of
energy
reflection
absorption
Black objects heat up in sun because of
the entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves from very long radio waves to very short gamma rays
in a closed system, the total amount of energy is constant, even if it changes form or moves from one place to another
Conservation of energy
Reflected light rays travel away from a surface at the same angle as the incoming ray with the surface
If no spin, a bounce of a basketball
The basketball will bounce back up. reflection
A collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved. Only momentum is conserved
example a car crash
In science, " (a) " refers to a collision or interaction where (b) is conserved, meaning the objects involved return to their original state after impact, while " (c) " describes a collision where kinetic energy is not conserved, with some energy being lost as heat, sound, or (d) during the impact
Term definition.
the number of ocurrences of an observed behavior over a set time period
Example.
A teacher counting the number of times Jacob sticks his tongue out at a classmate during a one-hour class would be collecting frequency data.
light has both a wave nature and a particle nature
True dual nature
The amount of internal energy an object has due to the vibrations, rotations, and motions of its atoms or molecules.
The unit for the loudness of sound
(a) measure the amount of electricity flowing, while (b) measure the perceived loudness of that sound produced by that electricity.
A piece of equipment used to determine the heat change associated with a chemical reaction
human perception of the intensity of a sound
Example.
industrial noise at 110 dB sounds very loud
loudness
a wave in which the direction of the vibration is perpendicular to the direction the energy travels
light, vibrating guitar string
a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. This carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
If it is high frequency it is high pitch
Is electromagnetic a form of radiation?
Yes
No
The protons and neutrons are together termed as nucleons as they are present in the nucleus
So to me, amplitude is how high the particle goes up. Like the measurement of a particle to the crest.
True I guess
False
No, an electromagnetic wave cannot go through a "negative temperature" because negative temperature is not a physically possible state in the standard thermodynamic sense; temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, and negative kinetic energy is not possible for particles in our universe
Can a protein break?
Can a electromagnetic go through a negative medium?
In a compression wave, aka longitude the disturbance travels in the (a) as the wave motion, whereas in a transverse wave, the disturbance is (b) to the wave motion
