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Chemistry Notes 8B Edexcel_2

Total questions: 106

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Group 1 and 2 oxides react with acids in (a)   reactions to form salts and water.

2.

The solubility of Group 2 sulfates (a)   down the group.

3.

The ionic equation for the reaction of sulfate ions with barium ions is: Ba²⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq) → BaSO₄(s).

(a)  

4.

Limewater neutralizes excess (a)   in the soil to improve crop yield.

5.

All Group 2 sulfates are soluble in water.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

Barium sulfate is used to detect sulfate ions because it forms a white precipitate.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

Barium meals are poisonous because they contain barium ions.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

Limewater reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

What is the white precipitate formed when barium ions react with sulfate ions?

(a)  

10.

What acid is commonly added in the test for sulfate ions to prevent carbonate interference?

(a)  

11.

What is the general term for oxides that react with water to form metal hydroxides?

(a)  

12.

Which Group 2 sulfate is only slightly soluble in water?

a)
Calcium sulfate
b)
Magnesium sulfate
c)
Barium sulfate
d)
Strontium sulfate
13.

Why is nitric acid added to the solution before testing for sulfate ions with barium chloride?

4 lines
14.

Why should limewater not be left exposed to air before using it for a test?

4 lines
15.

Explain why the solubility of Group 2 sulfates decreases down the group. Answer: The lattice energy of ​ (a)   decreases more slowly than the ​ (b)   energy of the larger ​ (c)   , making the sulfates less soluble as you move down the group.

Choose from the below words
sulfates
hydration
Group 2 cations
Group 1 cations
ionic bonds
metallic bonds
16.

Write balanced equations for the following reactions: a) Reaction of calcium oxide with nitric acid:

a)
CaO + 2 HNO3 -> Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
b)
CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + HNO3
c)
CaO + 2 HNO3 -> CaO2 + H2O
d)
CaO + HNO3 -> Ca(NO3) + H2O
17.

Write balanced equations for the following reactions:

b) Reaction of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid:

a)
Ba(OH)2 + HCl -> BaCl + H2O
b)
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl -> BaCl2 + 2 H2O
c)
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl -> BaCl2 + H2O2
d)
Ba(OH)2 + 3 HCl -> BaCl3 + 3 H2O
18.

Write balanced equations for the following reactions:

c) Test for sulfate ions with barium chloride:

a)
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 -> BaCl2 + NaSO4
b)
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 -> Ba2SO4 + 2 Cl
c)
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 -> BaCl2SO4 + 2 Na
d)

Ba(aq) + SO(aq) → BaSO(s).

19.

Explain the role of barium sulfate in medical imaging.

4 lines
20.

What does thermal stability indicate about a compound?

a)

Its ability to react with acids

b)

Its stability when heated

c)

Its solubility in water

21.

Why do Group 2 nitrates decompose when heated, while Group 1 chlorides do not?

a)

Group 2 cations are larger than Group 1 cations.

b)

Group 2 cations have a smaller charge than Group 1 cations.

c)

Group 2 cations have a higher charge and smaller ionic radius.

d)

Group 2 nitrates have weaker bonds than Group 1 chlorides.

22.

Which gas is released when nitrates decompose?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Nitrogen dioxide

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Chlorine

23.

Which cation exerts the greatest influence on an anion?

a)

Caesium (Cs⁺)

b)

Rubidium (Rb⁺)

c)

Beryllium (Be²⁺)

d)

Sodium (Na⁺)

24.

The charge on a Group 2 cation is (a)   that of a Group 1 cation.

25.

The (a)   ion is more complex than the chloride ion, influencing its thermal decomposition.

26.

When nitrates decompose, they release oxygen gas and/or (a)   .

27.

Group 1 and Group 2 nitrates are typically (a)   solids.

28.

The thermal stability of nitrates decreases as the charge and size of the cation increase.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Nitrogen dioxide is observed as brown fumes during the decomposition of nitrates.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Group 2 carbonates decompose into oxides and carbon dioxide gas.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

Caesium has the least influence on an anion due to its large size and low charge.

a)

True

b)

False

32.

What gas is released along with oxygen during the decomposition of nitrates?

(a)  

33.

Which cation exerts the greatest influence on nitrate ions?

(a)  

34.

What ion is formed during the decomposition of carbonates?

(a)  

35.

Which group of compounds is more stable thermally, Group 1 or Group 2 nitrates?

(a)  

36.

Explain why Group 2 carbonates decompose more readily than Group 1 carbonates.

4 lines
37.

What is observed when nitrates containing water of crystallization are heated?

4 lines
38.

Why does beryllium exert the greatest influence on an anion compared to caesium?

4 lines
39.

Write balanced equations for the decomposition of: a) Sodium nitrate

a)
NaNO3 (s) → Na2O (s) + N2 (g) + O2 (g)
b)
2 NaNO3 (s) → 2 Na (s) + 3 O2 (g) + N2 (g)
c)
NaNO3 (s) → Na (s) + NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
d)
2 NaNO3 (s) → 2 NaNO2 (s) + O2 (g)
40.

Write balanced equations for the decomposition of: Calcium nitrate:

a)
2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2
b)
Ca(NO3)2 → Ca + 2 N2 + 3 O2
c)
3 Ca(NO3)2 → 3 CaO + 6 NO2 + 3 O2
d)
Ca(NO3)2 → CaO + 2 NO2 + O2
41.

Describe the role of cation size and charge in determining the thermal stability of nitrates and carbonates.

4 lines
42.

What does the absence of brown fumes during nitrate decomposition indicate?

a)

Complete decomposition

b)

Greater decomposition

c)

Lesser decomposition

d)

No decomposition

43.

Which Group 1 nitrate undergoes greater decomposition?

a)

Sodium nitrate

b)

Potassium nitrate

c)

Lithium nitrate

d)

Cesium nitrate

44.

What are the decomposition products of lithium nitrate?

a)

Metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen

b)

Metal nitrite and oxygen

c)

Metal hydroxide and water

45.

Which property makes Group 2 nitrates decompose more readily than Group 1 nitrates?

a)

Larger cation size

b)

Higher cation charge

c)

Presence of water of crystallization

d)

Lower electronegativity of the cations

46.

The decomposition of nitrates without brown fumes can be represented by the equation: Metal nitrate → metal (a)   + oxygen

47.

Greater decomposition of nitrates releases nitrogen dioxide gas, represented by the equation: Metal nitrate → metal (a)   + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen

48.

The only Group 1 nitrate that undergoes greater decomposition is (a)   .

49.

The decomposition of beryllium nitrate releases oxygen and (a)   fumes.

50.

The decomposition of Group 2 nitrates produces nitrogen dioxide gas.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Sodium nitrate undergoes greater decomposition than lithium nitrate.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

Brown fumes observed during nitrate decomposition indicate lesser decomposition.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

All Group 1 nitrates decompose to metal nitrites and oxygen.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

What gas relights a glowing splint during nitrate decomposition?

(a)  

55.

What color fumes indicate nitrogen dioxide is released during decomposition?

(a)  

56.

Which Group 2 nitrate undergoes greater decomposition?

(a)  

57.

What is the smallest Group 1 cation that undergoes greater decomposition?

(a)  

58.

Why does lithium nitrate undergo greater decomposition compared to other Group 1 nitrates?

4 lines
59.

Explain why Group 2 nitrates decompose more readily than Group 1 nitrates.

4 lines
60.

How can you differentiate between nitrate(V) and nitrate(III) during decomposition?

4 lines
61.

Explain the redox nature of nitrate decomposition reactions.

4 lines
62.

Predict what would happen if a Group 1 nitrate like potassium nitrate is heated in the absence of oxygen.

4 lines
63.

What gas is released during the decomposition of carbonates?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

64.

Which gas is released when Group 2 carbonates decompose?

a)

Nitrogen dioxide

b)

Sulfur dioxide

c)

Carbon dioxide

65.

Which Group 1 carbonate decomposes at relatively low temperatures?

a)

Sodium carbonate

b)

Potassium carbonate

c)

Lithium carbonate

d)

Cesium carbonate

66.

What is the general observation when Group 2 carbonates decompose?

a)

Brown fumes

b)

Release of oxygen gas

c)

Formation of solid oxides and release of carbon dioxide

d)

Formation of water and oxygen gas

67.

Why does lithium carbonate decompose differently from other Group 1 carbonates?

a)

It has a larger ionic radius.

b)

It has a smaller ionic radius and greater charge density.

c)

It contains water of crystallization.

d)

It does not react with heat.

68.

The decomposition of carbonates releases (a)   gas.

69.

The decomposition of lithium carbonate occurs at (a)   temperatures compared to other Group 1 carbonates.

70.

A typical equation for the decomposition of calcium carbonate is: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

(a)  

71.

The (a)   charge and smaller ionic radius of Group 2 cations make their carbonates decompose more readily.

72.

All Group 1 carbonates decompose when heated under normal conditions.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

Group 2 carbonates decompose into metal oxides and carbon dioxide.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Lithium carbonate behaves similarly to Group 2 carbonates when heated.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Barium carbonate decomposes less readily than calcium carbonate.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Which Group 1 carbonate decomposes readily at lower temperatures?

(a)  

77.

What solid is formed when calcium carbonate decomposes?

(a)  

78.

What gas is released during the decomposition of Group 2 carbonates?

(a)  

79.

What is the term for the extent to which a compound decomposes when heated?

(a)  

80.

Why does lithium carbonate decompose more readily than other Group 1 carbonates?

4 lines
81.

Explain why Group 2 carbonates decompose more readily than Group 1 carbonates.

4 lines
82.

Describe the changes observed when calcium carbonate is strongly heated in a Bunsen flame.

4 lines
83.

Write balanced equations for the decomposition of: - a) Lithium carbonate

a)
Li2CO3 (s) → Li2O2 (s) + O2 (g)
b)
Li2CO3 (s) → Li (s) + CO (g)
c)
Li2CO3 (s) → Li2C2O4 (s) + H2O (g)
d)
Li2CO3 (s) → Li2O (s) + CO2 (g)
84.

Write balanced equations for the decomposition of: b) Calcium carbonate:

a)
CaCO3 (s) -> Ca (s) + O2 (g)
b)
CaCO3 (s) -> CaCO (s) + O2 (g)
c)
CaCO3 (s) -> CaO2 (s) + CO (g)
d)
CaCO3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
85.

Why is it incorrect to assume that all Group 1 carbonates decompose easily when heated?

4 lines
86.

Explain the role of cation charge and radius in determining the thermal stability of carbonates.

4 lines
87.

What is the main purpose of a flame test?

a)

To identify anions

b)

To identify cations

c)

To measure thermal stability

d)

To detect impurities

88.

Why is hydrochloric acid used in flame tests?

a)

To neutralize the compound

b)

To convert metal compounds to chlorides

c)

To provide a colored flame

d)

To dissolve the compound fully

89.

What color does sodium produce in a flame test?

a)

Lilac

b)

Brick red

c)

Yellow/orange

d)

Blue/green

90.

Which metal cation produces no color in a flame test?

a)

Calcium

b)

Magnesium

c)

Strontium

d)

Potassium

91.

A flame test is used to identify the presence of (a)   in a compound.

92.

Sodium produces a (a)   /orange flame during the test.

93.

The (a)   of some metals, like magnesium, do not produce any flame color.

94.

Electron (a)   are responsible for the colors observed in flame tests.

95.

Flame tests are reliable for detecting all metal cations in Group 1 and 2.

a)

True

b)

False

96.

Sodium contamination can obscure the flame colors of other metals.

a)

True

b)

False

97.

Chlorides are preferred in flame tests because they are less volatile.

a)

True

b)

False

98.

Describing flame test colors is subjective and may vary among observers.

a)

True

b)

False

99.

What is the flame color for lithium?

(a)  

100.

What metal cation produces a lilac color in the flame test?

(a)  

101.

What is the flame color for barium?

(a)  

102.

What is responsible for the flame colors in the test?

(a)  

103.

Why is it important to use clean platinum or nichrome wire in a flame test?

4 lines
104.

Explain why the flame test may not always give accurate results for mixtures.

a)
The flame test is always accurate for pure substances.
b)
Different ions produce unique flame colors that never overlap.
c)
The flame test can identify the exact concentration of each ion in a mixture.
d)

Impurities such as sodium can produce an intense yellow flame, which can mask the colors of other cations.

105.

Why are flame test colors considered subjective?

a)
Flame test colors are always the same for every observer.
b)
Flame test colors are universally accepted without variation.
c)
Flame test colors are determined solely by the chemical composition.
d)

Observers may interpret colors differently based on their perception, and terms like "brick red" or "lilac" can vary regionally or personally.

106.

Describe the steps involved in carrying out a flame test for a compound.

4 lines