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Bio Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The monomers units of DNA and RNA are

a)

amino acids

b)

monosaccharides

c)

nucleotides

d)

fatty acids

2.

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

3.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

a)

RNA-DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

c)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

d)

DNA-AMINO ACID-RNA-PROTEIN

4.

Translation consists of which of the following?

a)

conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

b)

conversion of genetic info from DNA to RNA

c)

addition of nucleotides to a DNA template

d)

DNA replication

5.

When RNA is being made, the RNA base ____ always pairs with the base ___ in DNA.

a)

U-T

b)

T-G

c)

U-A

d)

A-U

6.

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene is called

a)

a mutation

b)

a codon

c)

a translation

d)

an anticodon

7.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

8.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
9.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
10.

Which biomolecules provide quick energy for the cell and also provide materials to build the cell membrane/wall?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic Acids

11.

Your friend is feeling irritable, lightheaded and dizzy. They are also feeling a bit of confusion and brain fog. Which biomolecule would you recommend your friend consume?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Lipid

12.

Amino Acids are the monomers of __________.

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Proteins

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Lipids

13.
Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a)
Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
b)
Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.
c)
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
d)
Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.
14.

Which does only eukaryotic cells contain?

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

cell membrane

d)

ribosomes

15.

Prokaryotic cells do not have…….

a)

membrane bound organelles

b)

cell membrane

c)

DNA or RNA

d)

life

16.
A fossilized cell is discovered, and evidence suggests it reproduced on its own and had DNA, but a membrane did not enclose its DNA. Which type of organism would this most likely be?
a)
prokaryote
b)
eukaryote
c)
plant cell
d)
animal cell
17.
more complex
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
d)
both
18.

Euglena are unicelled organisms that live in pond water. They move around using a flagella and can perform photosynthesis when needed. They contain many organelles . What type of cells are they?

a)

Animal Cell

b)

Prokaryotic Cell

c)

Eukaryotic Cell

d)

Plant Cell

19.
This is a picture of:
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
20.

Which type of cell is this?

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

21.

A living cell in which a virus replicates.

a)

Host Cell

b)

Bacteriophage

c)

Replication Phase

d)

Retrovirus

22.
Which statement regarding viruses is true?
a)
a virus can only reproduce inside of a living cell
b)
viruses do not contain DNA
c)
viruses are unicellular
d)
viruses are generally larger than cells
23.
What feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?
a)
ability to form proteins at the ribosomes
b)
existence of lipids in cell membranes
c)
presence of genetic code in nucleic acid
d)
production of energy by a mitochondrion
24.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
25.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
26.

Diffusion is an example of _________________ transport.

a)

Active

b)

Passive

c)

Both Active and Passive

d)

None of the above

27.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
28.
During osmosis
a)
water moves from high to low concentration
b)
large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
c)
water moves when energy is used
d)
proteins are built
29.
Passive transport requires no
a)
concentration gradients
b)
osmosis
c)
motion
d)
energy
30.
What is diffusion?
a)
when molecules move 
b)
when molecules move from a high concentration to a low.
c)
no movement 
d)
molecules move everywhere
31.
_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.  
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Cytoplasm
32.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Facilitated Diffusion
c)
Active Transport Pump
d)
Osmosis
33.

The reactants of PHOTOSYNTHESIS are

a)

sugar and water.

b)

sugar and oxygen.

c)

carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

d)

carbon dioxide and oxygen.

34.

What are the products of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

Carbon dioxide and water

b)

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

c)

Glucose and oxygen

d)

Glucose and water

35.

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight --> 6O2 + C6H12O6

b)

6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 + sunlight

c)

6O2 + 6H2O+ sunlight --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6

d)

C6H12O6+ 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2+ sunlight

36.

In which eukaryotic organelles (cell parts) does PHOTOSYNTHESIS occur?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cell wall

c)

vacuole

d)

chloroplast

37.

Select ALL that apply: The reactants of PHOTOSYNTHESIS are

a)

6 CO2

b)

6 H2O

c)

6 O2

d)

C6H12O6

e)

sunlight

38.

Select ALL that apply: The products of PHOTOSYNTHESIS are

a)

6 CO2

b)

6 H2O

c)

6 O2

d)

C6H12O6

e)

sunlight

39.

Photosynthesis transforms light energy to _____________ energy to make glucose

a)

chemical

b)

solar

c)

radiant

d)

heat

40.

Select ALL that apply. What are the reactants of CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

a)

C6H12O6 (glucose)

b)

6 H2O (water)

c)

6 O2 (oxygen)

d)

6 CO2 (carbon dioxide)

e)

ATP (energy)

41.

The overall goal of cellular respiration is to make:

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

42.

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

a)

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

b)

6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 + sunlight

c)

6CO2 + 6H2O+ sunlight --> 6O2 + C6H12O6

d)

C6H12O6+ 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2+ sunlight

43.

In which eukaryotic organelles (cell parts) does CELLULAR RESPIRATION occur?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cell wall

c)

vacuole

d)

chloroplast

44.

Which organisms perform PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

Plants only

b)

Animal only

c)

Both plants and animals

45.

Which organisms perform CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

a)

Plants only

b)

Animal only

c)

Both plants and animals

46.

What is the arrow pointing to on the picture?

a)

Enzyme

b)

Substrate

c)

Active Site

d)

Product

47.

What is the arrow pointing to on the picture?

a)

Enzyme

b)

Substrate

c)

Active Site

d)

Product

48.

What is the arrow pointing to on the picture?

a)

Enzyme

b)

Substrate

c)

Active Site

d)

Product

49.

What is the arrow pointing to on the picture?

a)

Enzyme

b)

Substrate

c)

Active Site

d)

Product

50.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
51.

The correct sequence of mitosis:

a)

metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

b)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

c)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

d)

telophase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase

52.

Chromosomes are visible and spindle fibers start to appear

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

telophase

d)

anaphase

53.

Chromosomes line along the center of the cell

a)

anaphase

b)

prophase

c)

metaphase

d)

telophase

54.

There are 2 nucli in one cell

a)

telophase

b)

prophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

55.

After mitosis the number of chromosomes in the newly created cells will be:

a)

Half the number of the original cell

b)

The same number as the original cell

c)

Twice as much as the original cell

56.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
57.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
58.
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
S phase
59.
During which parts of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
a)
G1 and G2
b)
G1 and S
c)
M phase and cytokinesis
60.
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
61.
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Interphase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Telophase
62.
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
63.
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Telophase
c)
Metaphase
64.
What is shown in the picture?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Cytokinesis
65.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

66.

Which of the following DNA nucleotides are paired with the correct corresponding DNA nucleotide? (mark all that apply)

a)

Adenine with Thymine

b)

Guanine with Cytosine

c)

Thymine with Cytosine

d)

Adenine with Uracil.

e)

Uracil with Thymine

67.

You are given the DNA strand 5'ATGCTCAGCTGA3'. What is the corresponding DNA strand?

a)

5'UACGAGUCGACU3'

b)

5'TACGAGTCGACT3'

c)

3'UACGAGUCGACU5'

d)

3'TACGAGTCGACT5'

68.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
69.

A nucleotide is composed of

a)

A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base

b)

A protein, protein and Guanine

c)

A phosphate, Adenine, and nitrogenous base

d)

A protein, Adenine and nitrogenous base

70.

Which of the following is a base pair?

a)

Adenine - Cytosine

b)

Cytosine - Thymine

c)

Deoxyribose - Cytosine

d)

Cytosine - Guanine

71.

What is it called when DNA makes a copy of itself?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Mitosis

d)

Gene therapy

72.

What process is steps 1-3 referring to?

a)

DNA Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Nucleus

73.

What is 11. pointing to?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Ribosome

c)

mRNA

d)

Nucleus

74.

What is 2. pointing to?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Ribosome

c)

mRNA

d)

Nucleus

75.
Which process?
a)
mutation
b)
transcription
c)
respiration
d)
translation
76.
which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
77.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
78.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
79.

DNA holds the code for making

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

sugars

80.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
81.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

a)

Met-Pro-Ala-Val

b)

Met-Pro-Val

c)

Tyr-Gly-His

d)

Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

82.
What are the three types of mutation? 
a)
Insertion, Deletion, Subsitution
b)
Deletion, Newstion, Subsitution 
c)
Newstion, Deletion, Insertion 
d)
Insertion, Newstion, Substitution 
83.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
84.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
85.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
86.
This image shows chromosomes during Prophase 1. Which of the following correctly describes the process shown?
a)
segregation of sister chromatids
b)
condensation and segregation of alleles
c)
mutationin which the DNA content of the gene is altered
d)
crossing - over in which alleles are exchanged
87.

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

a)

LIFE SPAN

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

88.

Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many different kinds of specialized cells. This process is most directly influenced by

a)

DNA

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

ATP

89.

The arctic fox inhabits northern area of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing during different times of the year.

What causes this change in the fur color?

a)

the genes for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

b)

gene expression for fur color is regulated by magic

c)

the arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

d)

gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature

90.

How can environmental factors affect gene expression?

a)

a) By modifying DNA sequences

b)

b) By altering how a gene is expressed.

c)

c) By directly changing gene function

d)

d) None of the above

91.

Genetic variation refers to:

a)

a) Differences in DNA sequences among individuals

b)

b) Environmental changes that affect gene expression

c)

c) Random mutations that occur during development

d)

d) None of the above

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