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Physics Midterm

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 5hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is physics?

a)

Study of animals

b)

Study of rocks and how they form

c)

Study of matter and energy

d)

Study of chemicals

2.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
3.
What would the INDEPENDENT variable be in an experiment testing which  paper airplane design goes furthest?
a)
the paper used
b)
the paper airplane design
c)
the distance of each plane's flight
d)
how hard the plane is thrown
4.

The variable that is being measured or observed is called the _______________. Hint: this is the variable that is the result or effect

a)

independent variable

b)

dependent variable

c)

control variable

5.

The _________________________ answers the problem you are trying to solve in an experiment and explains the results to others.

a)

procedure

b)

hypothesis

c)

conclusion

d)

data

6.
Observations, like the color or texture of an object, are ________________ observations.
a)
quantitative
b)
qualitative
c)
operational
d)
scientific
7.

The experimental group in an experiment will

a)

not receive the independent variable.

b)

will receive the independent variable.

c)

will not have a dependent variable.

d)

will not have any controlled variables.

8.

Which of the following makes an experiment a controlled experiment?

a)

It only tests one variable.

b)

It tests multiple variables.

c)

It allows for the collection of data.

d)

It can answer a question about an observation.

9.

Which of the following is found in both the experimental and control groups of an experiment?

a)

controlled variables

b)

independent variables

10.

The group which does not get the independent variable; "normal" conditions

a)

Control Group

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Experimental Group

d)

Constant

11.

Exactly how old do astronomers think the universe is?

a)

13.8 billion years

b)

4.5 billion years

c)

9.8 billion years

d)

20 billion years

12.

Which theory suggests that the universe has been expanding since its inception?

a)

Steady State Theory

b)

Big Bang Theory

c)

Plasma Cosmology

d)

Quantum Fluctuation Model

13.

The ________ shift gives astronomers evidence that the galaxies are moving away from us.

a)

blue

b)

orange

c)

red

d)

galaxy

14.

The current belief is that the universe is _______________.

a)

4.6 billion years old

b)

very young

c)

expanding

d)

static

15.

The farther away something in the universe is, the ____________ it is moving away from us.

a)

slower

b)

faster

c)

less

d)

shorter

16.

How did we get all of the elements on the periodic table?

a)

Protons, neutrons, and electrons fused together after the Big Bang to form elements.

b)

All elements were formed in the exact moment the Big Bang happened.

17.

How do scientists believe the universe was created?

a)

The "Big Bang" theory.

b)

The "Theory of Evolution."

c)

The sun exploding.

d)

None of these.

18.

A universe is made up of many galaxies.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Scientists theorize that the portion of the universe visible today expanded explosively from a hot, dense mass about 14 billion years ago. What is evidence for this “big bang”?

a)

tides on Earth caused by the big bang’s gravitational forces

b)

volcanoes on Venus, which erupt because of the force of the “big bang”

c)

cosmic background radiation, which is energy left over from the big bang

d)

the formation of black holes caused by the collapse of very hot dense massive stars

20.

What is the Doppler effect?

a)

The observed change in frequency of sound or light because of the relative motion of a wave source and the observer.

b)

The observed change in amplitude of sound or light because of the relative motion of a wave source and the observer.

c)

The observed change in wave speed of sound or light because of the relative motion of a wave source and the observer.

d)

The observed change in equilibrium position of sound or light because of the relative motion of a wave source and the observer.

21.

What happens to the wavelength and frequency of a wave as an object moves TOWARDS us?

a)

Wavelength = decreases

Frequency = increases

b)

Wavelength = increases

Frequency = increases

c)

Wavelength = increases

Frequency = decreases

d)

Wavelength = decreases

Frequency = decreases

22.

What happens to the wavelength and frequency of a wave as an object moves AWAY from us?

a)

Wavelength = decreases

Frequency = increases

b)

Wavelength = increases

Frequency = increases

c)

Wavelength = increases

Frequency = decreases

d)

Wavelength = decreases

Frequency = decreases

23.

If you are standing in front of this car, the wavelengths nearest you would have a _______ frequency

a)

quieter

b)

louder

c)

higher

d)

lower

24.
What can you tell about the motion of this object?
a)
Moving left.
b)
Moving right quickly.
c)
Standing still. 
d)
Moving up slowly. 
25.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the blue side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)
This is a trick question that cannot be answered
d)
It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.
26.
As part of the modern theory of the origins of the elements, it is hypothesized that before the formation of the stars, most of the matter in the universe consisted of what atoms?
a)
hydrogen and helium
b)
nitrogen and carbon
c)
silicon and lithium
d)
uranium and radium
27.

What is the atomic emission spectrum?

a)

The pattern formed when light emitted by an element is separated into the different wavelengths it contains.

b)

The specific frequencies of light emitted by an element.

c)

The tool that uses a prism to separate light into its individual colors.

d)

The fixed energies an electron can have in an atom.

28.

Why is the atomic emission spectrum considered like a fingerprint for each element?

a)

Because it can be used to identify unknown samples.

b)

Because it contains specific wavelengths of light.

c)

Because it is unique to each element.

d)

Because it is the same for atoms anywhere in the universe.

29.

What is at the center of our solar system?

a)

The Moon, a gravity rounded body of planetary mass that orbit Earth

b)

The asteroid belt, rocks and stones that did not form planets

c)

The sun, a star or hot ball of glowing gas

d)

The Kuiper belt, a circumstellar disc extending from Neptune

30.
A nebula is:
a)
A cloud of ice
b)
A cloud of dust and gas
c)
A cloud of just gas
d)
A cloud of just dust
31.
The group of inner planets are known as:
a)
The Terrestrial Planets
b)
The Gas Giants
c)
The Outer Planets
d)
The Hallow Planets
32.
The group of outer planets are known as:
a)
The Terrestrial Planets
b)
The Gas Giants
c)
The Inner Planets
d)
The Rocky Planets
33.

Jovian planets have thick atmospheres composed of hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia and are low density.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

What type of material is normally found in the core of a terrestrial planet?

a)

coal

b)

frozen water

c)

light silicates

d)

dense iron & nickel

35.

Most of these are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

a)

Comet

b)

Meteor

c)

Asteroid

36.
A ball of ice and rock whose orbit is usually a long, narrow ellipse.
a)
Comet
b)
Meteor
c)
Planet
d)
Moon
37.
I am a rock entering a planet's atmosphere.
a)
meteor
b)
planet
c)
asteroid
d)
comet
38.
The ________ belt between Mars and Jupiter
a)
Comet
b)
Asteroid
c)
Meteor
d)
Star
39.

What are the differences in composition between Kuiper Belt objects and the inner solar system objects?

a)

Kuiper Belt objects are made entirely of gas

b)

Compositions differ in terms of ices and rock/metal

c)

Inner solar system objects are made entirely of ice

d)

Compositions are the same in both regions

40.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
41.
An ellipse is drawn around two points called
a)
aphelion
b)
perihelion
c)
foci
d)
axis
42.
A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.
a)
faster
b)
slower
43.

What does Kepler's 1st Law state?

a)

all planets move in elliptical shaped orbits around the sun

b)

all ellipses have one foci

c)

the area that a planet revolves around the sun is equal

d)

the speed that a planet revolves around the sun changes

44.
Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 
a)
the shape of the planets' orbits
b)
the speed/area the planet travels 
c)
the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
45.
The path a planet travels around the sun is called its 
a)
orbit
b)
ellipse
c)
barycenter
d)
precession
46.

Which planet in this image will have the largest orbital radius?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

47.

Based on the table, which planet in our solar system will have the fastest orbital speed?

a)

Venus

b)

Earth

c)

Saturn

d)

Mercury

48.
What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?
a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
49.

You discover a new planet in our solar system. You measure it's orbital period to be 246 years.


Where is this planet likely to be located based on this information?

a)

Closer to the Sun than Mercury.

b)

Located between Earth and Jupiter.

c)

Located between Uranus and Neptune.

d)

Located beyond Neptune.

50.

The graph shows Keplers 3rd Law. A new planet is discovered at a distance of 35 AU. What is the orbital period?

a)

250 years

b)

200 years

c)

175 years

d)

16 years

51.

What two things determine the amount of energy an object has?

a)

mass and speed

b)

speed and position

c)

mass and position

d)

mass and weight

52.

What two things determine the amount of energy an object has?

a)

mass and speed

b)

speed and position

c)

mass and position

d)

mass and weight

53.

Based on the graph, when the mass doubles from 500 kg to 1000 kg, what happens to kinetic energy?

a)

Kinetic energy remains the same

b)

Kinetic energy doubles

c)

Kinetic energy quadruples

d)

There is too little information to know

54.
Energy due to motion is ____________ energy. 
a)
Potential 
b)
Energy
c)
Kinetic
d)
Friction
55.
__________ is stored energy. 
a)
Potential
b)
Kinetic
c)
None of the above 
d)
All of the above 
56.
At which point is kinetic energy greatest?
a)
W
b)
X
c)
Y
d)
Z
57.
At which point is potential energy greatest?
a)
W
b)
X
c)
Y
d)
Z
58.

How does this archer demonstrate potential energy?

a)

By pulling back the bowstring

b)

By releasing the arrow

c)

By standing still

d)

By aiming at the target

59.

What happens to the energy when the archer releases the arrow?

a)

It is converted into kinetic energy

b)

It disappears

c)

It remains the same

d)

It is converted into thermal energy

60.

Which has higher potential energy?

a)

Bowling ball scenario

b)

Hanging bucket

61.

Which has higher kinetic energy?

a)

Bowling ball scenario

b)

Hanging bucket

62.

Define mass.

a)

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

b)

The force exerted by gravity on an object

c)

A unit of measure for weight

d)

The volume of an object

63.

Define energy.

a)

The capacity to do work

b)

A unit of power

c)

A type of molecule

d)

A measurement of heat

64.

Define Work.

a)

Force applied over a distance

b)

A measure of the energy produced by a system

c)

The rate of doing work

d)

A unit of power

65.

The SI unit of work and all other forms of energy

a)

calorie

b)

energy

c)

joule

d)

power

e)

watt

66.

The process of changing energy from one form to another.

a)

transmission

b)

transportation

c)

transformation

67.

Energy of moving parts

a)

electrical

b)

chemical

c)

mechanical

68.

Vibrations produce _______ energy.

a)

chemical

b)

sound

c)

electrical

d)

light

69.
Which type of energy increases when you compress a spring?
a)
elastic potential energy
b)
kinetic energy
c)
radiant energy
d)
sound energy
70.

How could you increase the potential energy of an object without changing its mass and gravity?

a)

Make the object larger

b)

Lower the object towards the ground

c)

Raise the object farther off the ground

d)

Allow the object to roll on the ground

71.

Total Energy =

a)

kinetic + potential

b)

kinetic - potential

c)

potential - kinetic

72.
According to the Law of Conservation of energy, the amount of energy before and after a reaction must be the same. Which statement below is true?
a)
The total amount of energy is conserved
b)
The total amount of energy is less after a reaction
c)
The total amount of energy is more after a reaction
73.
While playing pool, Emma notices that the pool balls bounce apart.  What type of collision is this?
a)
Elastic
b)
Inelastic
c)
Explosive
d)
Force
74.
Jorge noticed a collision outside the coffee shop where two cars collided and stuck together.  What type of collision did he observe?
a)
Elastic
b)
Inelastic
c)
Completely inelastic
d)
none
75.

The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is .....

a)

g = 1.6 m/s2

b)

g = 3.8 m/s2

c)

g = 9.8 m/s2

d)

g = 24.6 m/s2

76.

Abigail, Benjamin, and Henry are playing on a hill. Abigail rolls a 5 kg ball from the top of the hill. The potential energy of the ball at the top of the hill is 250 J. If all of the potential energy of the ball is transformed into kinetic energy, what is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum kinetic energy? KE= 12 mv2\frac{1}{2\ }mv^2

a)

5 m/s

b)

10 m/s

c)

100 m/s

d)

1250 m/s

77.

Ethan is at an amusement park and decides to ride a roller coaster. The roller coaster car he is in has a mass of 250 Kg. The car is sitting on top of a 25 m hill. The gravitational potential energy (PE=mgh) of the car at the highest point of the track is 61,250 J. Ethan is curious to know the PE, KE, and mechanical energy (ME) at exactly the middle point between the top of the hill and the very bottom. Can you help Ethan figure this out?

a)

PE= 250

KE= 25

ME 61260

b)

PE= 25

KE=250

ME= 61250

c)

PE=0

KE=61250

ME=100

d)

PE= 30625

KE=30625

ME= 61250

78.
A measure of how much matter an object has is--
a)
weight
b)
gravity
c)
mass
d)
volume
79.
What is the definition of "weight"?
a)
measure of the force of gravity on your body
b)
the time it takes to get on a ride 
c)
the amount of matter in an object
d)
the size of an object
80.

A mother is on the train. To the boy, she looks like she is moving. To the mother, she isn’t. Why are the perspectives different?

a)

Distance

b)

Frame of reference

c)

Reference point

d)

Speed

81.

What is speed?

a)

A measure of how fast an object is moving

b)

A measure of both the speed and direction of an object's motion

c)

A rate of change of an object's velocity

d)

A measure of how quickly an object's velocity is changing

82.

What is velocity?

a)

A measure of how fast an object is moving

b)

A measure of both the speed and direction of an object's motion

c)

A rate of change of an object's velocity

d)

A measure of how quickly an object's velocity is changing

83.

What is acceleration?

a)

A measure of how fast an object is moving

b)

A measure of both the speed and direction of an object's motion

c)

A rate of change of an object's velocity

d)

A measure of how quickly an object's velocity is changing

84.

Which of the following is a vector quantity? (magnitude and direction)

a)

Speed

b)

Velocity

c)

Acceleration

d)

Distance

85.

How is acceleration measured?

a)

Meters per second

b)

Meters per second squared

c)

Miles per hour

d)

Kilometers per hour

86.

Can an object have a constant speed but changing velocity?

a)

Yes

b)

No

87.
Alan travels 100 km in 5hrs. Find his average speed in km/h
a)
5km/hr
b)
10km/hr
c)
50km/hr
d)
20km/hr
88.
What does this graph represent?
a)
Constant speed
b)
Acceleration
c)
Not moving
89.

What is this graph showing?

a)

Constant Speed

b)

Acceleration (speeding up)

c)

Negative Acceleration (slowing down)

d)

No motion

90.

A roller coasters accelerates from an initial speed of 6.0 m/s to a final speed of 70 m/s over 4 seconds. What's the acceleration?

a)

24 m/s2

b)

18 m/s2

c)

16 m/s2

d)

16 m/s

91.
Find the velocity of a truck that travels 75 miles north in 2.5 hours.
a)
187.5 mph north
b)
30 mph north
c)
300 mph north
d)
200 mph north
92.
A ____________ is a push or a pull on an object.
a)
chemical
b)
force
c)
magnet
d)
gravity
93.
Friction resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching.
a)
True
b)
False
94.

Two toy race cars are going to be raced down the same ramp. Which information is most helpful in predicting which car will win the race?

a)

length of the ramp

b)

volume of the cars

c)

slope of the ramp

d)

mass of the cars

95.

John stands at the top of a steep hill and pushes a ball over the edge with his foot. Which force causes the ball to continue rolling down the hill?

a)

mass

b)

gravity

c)

friction

d)

air resistance

96.
Which force produces a change in motion?
a)
unbalanced force
b)
balanced force
c)
gravitational force
d)
frictional force
97.
The formula 
? = mass x acceleration
or 
? = m x a 
is used to find 
a)
Force
b)
Velocity
c)
Momentum
d)
Gravity
98.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
a)
Newton's
1st
Law of Motion
b)
Newton's
2nd
Law of Motion
c)
Newton's
3rd
Law of Motion
99.
An automobile you are riding in suddenly stops, but you continue to go forward.
a)
Newton's
1st
Law of Motion
b)
Newton's
2nd
Law of Motion
c)
Newton's
3rd
Law of Motion
100.
a)
1st
b)
2nd
c)
3rd

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