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WorksheetsAP Biology Midterm Review
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 35mins
Phase involving microtubules to separate sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
Which checkpoint involves ensuring all microtubules are attached to kinetochores?
G1
G2
M
S
Which of the following describes the order of processes in the cell cycle?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Prophase, Metaphase, Interphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Interphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Cytokinesis, Telophase
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Interphase, Cytokinesis
Phase involving pairing of sister chromatids and condensation of chromatin into chromosomes
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Which of the following describes the result of mitosis?
2 identical, haploid cells
4 non-identical haploid cells
2 identical, diploid cells
4 non-identical, diploid cells
Which checkpoint involves determining whether the cell should divide?
G1
G2
M
S
Phase involving formation of nuclear envelope around separated chromosomes
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Phase involving sister chromatids aligning on plate in middle of cell.
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
Which checkpoint involves ensuring all DNA has been replicated and "no" errors exist?
G1
G2
M
S
Which of the following occurs BEFORE the process of mitosis?
Sister chromatids pair up
DNA replicates
Chromatin is condensed to chromosomes
Cytoplasm is divided between two cells
What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?
reception, transduction, response
confirmation, transduction, transcription
reception, amplification, transcription
confirmation, amplification, response
Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?
secondary messengers
protein modification
phosphorylation cascade
ligands
Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.
confirmation change in shape of receptor
phosphorylation of ligand
ligand passes through the membrane
receptor binds additional ligands
Which of the following is NOT a response by the cell from a signal transduction pathway?
cell growth
gene expression
secretion of molecules
all of the above are responses
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
cytokinesis
mitosis
apoptosis
Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?
metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.
cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase
cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed
cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized
cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication
Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -
gap junctions
thylakoids
stomata
plasmodesmata
Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?
High blood sugar
Low blood pH
High heart rate
Low cellular ATP concentration
If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?
It would increase the response if the pathway
It would trigger the release of more ligands
It would activate the transcription of a desired gene
It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response
What would happen is protein phosphatases were defective?
Cancerous cells would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle will shut down.
Gametes would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.
Gametes would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle will shut down.
Cancerous cells would take advantage and grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.
Which type of feedback loop would mammals use to maintain a constant body temperature or say 124.6 C?
Homeostatic
Postive
Negative
Isotonic
What evidence is there that cell communication is a process that has evolved over billions of years?
Only cells with a nucleus are able to communicate effectively
The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have much more advanced signaling pathways
Prokaryotic cells are much more efficient at communicating.
Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?
Activation of a G-protein receptor
Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence
Formation of cAMP
Phosphorylation cascade
A person with an insulin deficiency would have trouble regulating what condition in their body?
Blood calcium
Blood pH
Blood sugar
Blood temperature
This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?
A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor
Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells
Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins
cAMP is formed activating a desired response
What is a catabolic reaction?
A reaction that requires an input of energy
A reaction that forms complex molecules from simple building blocks
A reaction that releases energy
A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into their components
Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?
All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released
A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected
A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response
Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene
Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?
Reception
Transduction
Response
Why do mutations in receptor proteins affect cell signaling?
The receptor needs the proper sequence of amino acids to interact with the cell membrane
The receptor needs a specific shape to bind to it's ligand
The receptor must have the right polarity to interact with it's ligand
All of the above
When we are dehydrated, ADH is released which causes more water to be absorbed into our bloodstream. What type of feedback does this represent?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
Insulin lowering blood sugar
Immune cells releasing inflammatory cytokines
Breathing faster to release excess CO2
Shivering to increase blood temperature
What important event happens during the S-phase of the cell cycle?
The mitotic spindle forms
The nuclear membrane breaks down
DNA replication
Sister chromatids separate
How much DNA should a daughter cell at the end of cytokinesis have when compared to the original parent cell?
Half the amount
The exact same amount
Double the amount
What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
Evenly divide the cytoplasm of the cell
Creating an exact copy of a cell's genetic material
Protect an organism from mutations
Ensure genetic material is properly transferred to daughter cells
Which of the numbers above represent the signal reception?
1
2
3
Signaling molecules such as hormones can be lipid soluble or water soluble. What is the difference?
The receptor is on the surface of the cell for the lipid.
The receptor is inside the cell for the water.
The receptor is on the surface of the cell for the water.
There is no difference.
Phosphorylation cascades that involve a series of protein kinases are useful for signal transduction because
They are the signal reception
They have the ability to amplify the original signal
They decrease the number of molecules used
They are species specific
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
