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WorksheetsAP Biology Semester 1 Final Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
Water property responsible for evaporative cooling
Adhesion and cohesion
Less dense as solid
Specific heat
Surface tension
The amount of heat needed to change 1 gram of a substance from the liquid phase to the gas phase is ___
Heat of Vaporization
Boiling point
Heat Energy
Phase change
when some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot.
What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?
Glycolysis
Calvin Cycle
ETC
Glycolysis
ETC
Citric Acid Cycle
Light Reaction
Calvin Cycle
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
ETC
This image shows that the oxygen produced in the light reactions is used in the ETC in respiration. How is it used?
Oxygen is needed to power ATP Synthase
Oxygen donates an electron that moves through the ETC
Oxygen is the last electron acceptor that pulls electrons through the ETC
Oxygen combines with ADP to produce ATP
What are the main structural and functional benefits of cell compartmentalization? (Select ALL correct answers.)
increased surface area for more nutrient and wasted exchange
decreased surface area for greater mobility
membrane separated microenvironments for specialized biochemical reactions
specialization of compartments leads to increased overall cell efficiency
Where in the mitochondria does the Kreb's cycle occur?
outer membrane
inner membrane
cristae
matrix
Which reaction moves the cellular respiration process from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria?
glycolysis ---> pyruvate
pyruvate ---> acetyl CoA
acetyl CoA ---> PGA
PGA ---> PGAL
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets will rush to the site of damage and adhere to the vessel beginning the formation of a blood clot. These platelets will then release a chemical into the bloodstream, which recruits even more platelets to rush to the site of damage. As more platelets accumulate, more of the signaling chemical is released into the blood. This process will end when the blood has been sufficiently clotted and active bleeding is no longer occurring. What type of feedback loop is blood clotting an example of?
Negative Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
Which of the following is not an example of a negative feedback loop?
body maintaining a temperature of about 37°C
release of ADH to increase H2O reabsorption when dehydrated
a ripe apple releasing ethylene, which causes more ripening
heart rate increasing when exercising to deliver more O2 to cells
Which process precedes fermentation?
Calvin Cycle
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The main purpose of fermentation is to
produce oxygen
replenish NAD+ for glycolysis
replenish oxaloacetic acid for the Krebs cycle
produce ATP
In mitochondrial inheritance, what pattern is typically observed?
Mothers will pass on mitochondrial mutations to all of her children.
Fathers will pass on mitochondrial mutations to all of his children.
Mothers will pass on mitochondrial mutations to her sons only.
Fathers will pass on mitochondrial mutations to his daughters only.
Which of the following is true of small, nonpolar molecules?
They easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer
They very slowly pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer
They require transport proteins to pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer
They are actively transported across the cell membrane
What will move across a membrane via simple diffusion? (Choose 2)
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Na+
A cross section of part of a Golgi complex is shown. Part of the membrane of the Golgi complex pinches off and moves away. Which of the following is a function of this process?
to release energy from ATP
to deliver proteins to other locations in the cell
to collect amino acids for use in protein synthesis
to sent messages about cell requirements to the nucleus
Two sets of chromosomes, divide through mitosis, 46 chromosomes in human
diploid cells
haploid cells
gametes
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER → Golgi → nucleus
Golgi → ER → lysosome
ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Order the cell cycle
G1-->S-->G2-->M-->Cytokinesis
G1-->G2-->S-->M-->Cytokinesis
M-->G1-->S-->G2-->Cytokinesis
Which of these shows the cell cycle phases in their correct order AND correctly paired with their functions?
G1-growth, M-division, G2-DNA checkpoints, S-DNA replication
G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide, M-division
M-division, G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide
S-Interphase, G2-growth, M-division, G1-DNA replication
In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow in size?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
What checkpoint checks for completion of DNA replication and any DNA damage?
G1 checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M Checkpoint
What are the products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate, ATP, NADH
Pyruvate, ADP, NAD+
Acetyl CoA and ATP
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
What are the outputs of the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) for one molecule of ACETYL CO-A?
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2
1 ADP, 3 NADH, 1 FAD+, 2 CO2
1 ATP, 3 NAD+, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2
1 ADP, 3 NAD+, 1 FAD+, 2 CO2
Which of the following is one way that cells increase their surface area without increasing their size?
Cells will often include perfectly spherical membranes.
Cells will often include folds in their membranes.
Cells will often include holes in their membranes.
Cells will maximize their volume.
Folds in the mitochondria are called:
Lumen
Two processes that increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and _____
Synapsis
Tetrad
Independent assortment
Gameiosis
If 2n = 48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number in each cell after meiosis would be
96
48
24
12
Ion pumps and cotransporters are used in ___.
Simple Diffusion
Active Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Omosis
Which of the following describes the endosymbiotic theory?
A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller prokaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.
A prokaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell eukaryotic.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed several other types of smaller eukaryotic cells, and eventually its compartmentalization made the cell prokaryotic.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a recessive allele. A child has CF, even though neither of his parents has CF. What can you conclude about the parents?
One is homozygous and one is heterozygous.
Both are homozygous.
Both are heterozygous.
The child must have been adopted.
The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease
If Individual 6 marries a woman with the disease, what is the probability that their first child will have the disease?
0
25%
50%
75%
Where are hydrogen bonds in nucleic acids?
Between carbons in sugar ring
Between nitrogenous bases
Between nucleotides
Between phosphates
How does the nitrogenous base differ between DNA and RNA?
DNA - cytosine, RNA - guanine
DNA - uracil,
RNA - thymine
DNA - guanine, RNA - cytosine
DNA - thymine, RNA - uracil
How does the pentose sugar differ between DNA and RNA?
DNA= deoxyribose,
RNA= ribose
DNA= dextrose, RNA= ribose
DNA= deoxyribose,
RNA= ribozyme
DNA= dextrose, RNA= ribozyme
The process of breaking bonds by splitting water
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
Process of forming bonds by removing water molecules
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Phospholipids
Proteins
How are phospholipids oriented in the membrane?
Single layer, fatty acids to interior of cell, phosphate heads to exterior of the cell.
Single layer, phosphate heads to interior of cell and fatty acids to exterior of the cell
Double layer, fatty acid tails to interior of membrane and phosphate groups of exterior of membrane
Double layer, phosphate heads to interior of membrane and fatty acid tails to exterior of membrane
The descriptions to the correct terms
Nonpolar substances are
hydrophobic
Polar substances are
hydrophilic
When a substance has polar and nonpolar regions are
amphipathic
Drag the labels to the appropriate area
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
Describe the movement of molecules going through the proteins in the illustration.
Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
Molecules are moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and then from a lower to higher concentration.
Molecules are moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration and then from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions.
H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADPH
H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH
H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADH
H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADH
What donates the electron in photosynthesis?
ATP
NADH
Oxygen
Water
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Binds to the same site as the substrate
Binds to a different site than substrate
Binds to substrate to inhibit reaction
Binds to product to inhibit reaction
Signaling by cell to cell contact like a Helper T cell binding to an antigen presenting cell. Which describes the type of signaling?
Direct Signaling
Local Signaling
Long Distance Signaling
Synaptic Signaling
In paracrine signaling, which cell released the signal?
A nearby cell
An endocrine cell
The brain cell
The same cell
The ligand travels through the signal transduction path.
True
False
Point to the part of the diagram labeling the reception stage of signal transduction.
What is the role of ligands in signal transduction?
They activate second messengers
They anchor the protein into the plasma membrane
They bind to receptors and initiate a series of reactions
They regulate gene expression
Which organelle is responsible for digestion of macromolecules?
Golgi Bodies
Lysosome
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Which organelle fuses with lysosome?
Central vacuole
Contractile vacuole
Food vacuole
Transport vesicle
Solution with a higher solute concentration…
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Solution with a lower solute concentration…
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
