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Worksheets

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the central dogma of biology?

a)

DNA codes for RNA, which guides enzyme synthesis

b)

DNA codes for RNA, which guides protein synthesis

c)

RNA codes for DNA, which guides protein synthesis

d)

RNA codes for DNA, which guides enzyme synthesis

2.

Which two DNA nucleotides are collectively called purines?

a)

adenine & thyamine

b)

adenine & guanine

c)

thytosine & guanine

d)

thyamine & guanine

3.

What are the three types of RNA?

a)

mRNA

tRNA

sRNA

b)

gRNA

tRNA

rRNA

c)

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

d)

mRNA

aRNA

gRNA

4.

The process of ___ creates mRNA that is later used for protein synthesis.

a)

synthesis

b)

transcription

c)

translation

d)

transcribe

5.

The process of ___ creates polypeptide chains from codons found on mRNA.

a)

RNA

b)

transcription

c)

DNA

d)

translation

6.

A single strand of nucleotides made by DNA that is used to communicate genetic code outside the nucleus.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Amino acid chain

7.

DNA makes RNARNA makes proteins

Proteins make life.

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mendelian Genetics

c)

Central Dogma

d)

Myocardial Infarction

8.

Double stranded DNA is unzipped, and one strand is used as a template to form Messenger RNA.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Mitosis

9.

Messenger RNA travels out of the nucleus to ribosomes

and is used as a template to assemble a protein.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Homeostasis

10.

A single strand of nucleotides coded by DNA

which travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to give instructionsfor building proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

DNA

c)

mRNA

d)

rRNA

11.

A small section of RNA that transports amino acids

to the ribosome for synthesis into proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

12.

A nucleotide base that takes the place of Thymine in RNA.

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

uRNA

13.

The enzyme that codes mRNA from DNA instructions.

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Lipase

14.

A ←→ U

C ←→ G

T → A

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Base Pairing Rules for Replication

d)

Base Pairing Rules for Transcription

15.

The order of the nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA.

a)

Numerical sequence

b)

Amino acid sequence

c)

Base Sequence

d)

Anti codon

16.

Units of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA which code for a single

amino acid.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Base Pairing

c)

Anti codon

d)

Codon

17.

The reverse codon found on the tRNA.

a)

Codon

b)

Anticodon

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

18.

A chart that shows the relationship between

codons and the amino acids they code for.

a)

Homeostasis chart

b)

Anticodon

c)

Codon Chart

d)

EKG Chart

19.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the beginning

of a strand of protein.

a)

Uracil

b)

Stop Codon

c)

Anticodon

d)

Start Codon

20.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the end

of a strand of protein.

a)

Anticodon

b)

Start Codon

c)

Stop Codon

d)

tRNA

21.

Most of a ribosome is made of rRNA.

a)

Anticodon

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

22.
What happens during transcription?
a)
DNA is made into amino acids
b)
DNA is made into mRNA
c)
DNA is made into a protein
23.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
tRNA
24.
Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?
a)
DNA is single stranded, RNA is double stranded
b)
DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil
c)
There are 3 types of DNA, there is only 1 type of RNA
25.
Why doesn't DNA leave the nucleus?
a)
It could get damaged
b)
It could get locked out of the nucleus
c)

It doesn't want RNA to feel left out

26.
What happens during translation?
a)
mRNA matches up with tRNA to form a protein
b)
tRNA matches up with DNA to make a protein
c)
DNA is copied into mRNA
27.
Where does translation take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Mitochondria
28.
What are proteins made of?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Amino acids
29.
What is a change in the genetic material of a cell called?
a)
Transcription 
b)
Mutation
c)
Translation
30.

Which of the following is NOT a type of point mutation?

a)
Deletion
b)
Substitution
c)
Translocation
d)

Insertiion

31.

Which type(s) of point mutations cause frameshift mutations?

a)
Substitution and insertion
b)
Insertion and deletion
c)
Substitution and deletion
32.
What would the mRNA sequence be for the following DNA code; ATG?
a)
TAC
b)
UAA
c)
UAC
33.
Where are codons located?
a)
tRNA
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
34.
DNA is changed from AAA to AAC. What kind of mutation is this?
a)
Substitution
b)
Insertion
c)
Deletion
35.
DNA is changed from TTT to TTG T. What type of mutation is this?
a)
Insertion
b)
Deletion
c)
Substitution
36.

Which comes first?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

37.

What is a difference between RNA and DNA?

a)

RNA has Uracil while DNA has Thymine

b)

RNA has 2 stands while DNA has 1

c)

DNA can leave the nucleus while RNA cannot

38.

What is the term for a substitution mutation that does not cause a change to the amino acid sequence in the protein?

a)

Frameshift mutation

b)

Chromosomal mutation

c)

Silent mutation

d)

Loud mutation

39.

What is a section of DNA that codes for a protein called?

a)

Gene

b)

Chromosome

c)

Nucleotide

d)

tRNA

40.

What tRNA anticodon will match up with the following mRNA codon; AUC?

a)

UAG

b)

TAG

c)

UTG

d)

CTA

41.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
42.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
43.
If you are missing or have an extra base  at the end of your mutated DNA . What type of mutation occurred?
a)
Substitution
b)
Frameshift
c)
Duplication 
d)
Insertion
44.
mRNA is read in chunks of three, called...
a)
quadralets
b)
anticodons
c)
codons
d)
capsids
45.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
46.
A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.
a)
Addition, division
b)
Deletion, substitution
c)
Addition, substitution
d)
Addition, deletion
47.
What type of chromosomal mutation is this?
a)
Inversion
b)
Translocation
c)
Deletion
d)
Duplication
48.

Original DNA: CAT GAT CCA

New DNA: CAT TGA TCC A

What mutation occurred? (one has been added)

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

49.
What type of chromosomal mutation is this?
a)
Translocation
b)
Inversion
c)
Deletion
d)
Duplication
50.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
51.
What is the product of translation?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
proteins
52.

In RNA the base T is replaced with

a)

U

b)

G

c)

C

d)

A

53.

What combines together to make a protein?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

RNA

c)

Ribosome

d)

DNA

54.

What cell structure is the site of translation?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast

55.

What type of RNA is shown in this image?

a)

rRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

56.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
57.
Which phrase best describes translation?
a)
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
b)
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
c)
produces RNA from DNA molecules
d)
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
58.

Which of the following is the site of translation?

a)

vacuole

b)

lysosome

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

59.

The bottom of the tRNA molecule joins with the mRNA molecule because it has the _________ that complements the _______ on mRNA.

a)

codon, anticodon

b)

anticodon, codon

c)

amino acid, nucleotide

d)

nucleotide, amino acid

60.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
61.

Which anticodon would be placed in spot #2

a)

GGC

b)

CCA

c)

GGA

d)

GGT

62.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
63.

In DNA replication, if the original sequence reads AATTTGCG, the complementary DNA strand would read?

a)

AAUUUCGC

b)

AATTTGCG

c)

TTAAACGC

d)

UUAAACGC

64.

In which of the following ways does genetic information typically flow in an organism?

a)

trait --> proteins --> RNA --> DNA

b)

RNA --> trait -->protein --> DNA

c)

DNA --> RNA --> protein --> trait

d)

DNA --> protein --> trait--> RNA

65.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
66.

What term describes when mRNA is read 3 consecutive letters (bases) at a time and it codes for a single amino acid?

a)

Codon

b)

Anticodon

c)

Polypeptide

d)

Gene

67.

Which choice below correctly summarizes the base-pairing rules in RNA?

a)

A-G

C-T

b)

A-C

T-G

c)

A-U

C-G

d)

A-T

C-G

68.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
69.

Which of the following is true regarding the process shown in the image?

a)

The process shown above is known as cloning and involves the production of RNA from protein molecules.

b)

The process shown above is known as replication and involves the production of DNA from RNA.

c)

The process shown above is known as transcription and involves the production of proteins from DNA.

d)

The process shown above is known as translation and involves the production of proteins from RNA.

70.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
71.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
72.

Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein and determines the traits of the organism?

a)

The phosphate group

b)

The sugar molecule

c)

The sequence of nitrogen bases

d)

The hydrogen bonds that hold the sugars to the bases

73.

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

a)

Making energy available for cellular activities

b)

Creating bonds to from biomolecules

c)

Producing sugars that assist with replication

d)

Providing information to form proteins

74.

What is the purpose of the cellular process shown in the image?

a)

Preserving genetic information for future generations

b)

Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

c)

Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

d)

Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

75.

If the mRNA codons read ACA-GUA-GAA-UUG-AUC, what amino acids make up the protein sequence?

a)

Cys-Val-Gly-Ser-Stop

b)

Cys-His-Leu-Asn-Stop

c)

Thre-Val-Glu-Leu-Iso

d)

None of the above

76.

What type of biomolecule is being produced in the image?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

77.

Once the DNA is copied into RNA, it goes to what organelle to begin protein synthesis?

a)

nucleus

b)

rIbosome

c)

cytoplasm

d)

centriole

78.
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
a)
A codon can specify more than one amino acid
b)
Every codon specifies a different amino acid
c)
Some codons specify the same amino acid
d)
Some codons have no function at all
79.

When using your codon chart, what sequence can you use to find the correct amino acid?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Any of these will do

80.

In DNA replication, would the complementary strand of
AATCATGGA be?

a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
81.

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

a)

express different genes.

b)

contain different genes.

c)

use different genetic codes.

d)

have unique ribosomes

82.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
83.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
84.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
85.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
86.

A mutation is a _______________ in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene.

a)

wrinkle

b)

change

c)

bump

d)

tumor

87.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
88.

I carry a copy of the Genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosome. Who Am I?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

89.
A triplet (3 bases)  of mRNA is called a
a)
codon
b)
anticodon
c)
amino acid
d)
peptide bond
90.
Amino acids are joined together in order to form
a)
DNA
b)
ribosomes
c)
proteins 
d)
RNA
91.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
92.
_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.
a)
mRNA / a protein
b)
a protein / mRNA
c)
Ribosome / Nucleus
d)
mRNA / tRNA
93.
Which process is happening in this picture?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
94.

The following image represents which type of mutation?

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Spontaneous

d)

Point

95.

Sometimes, during replication, nucleotide pairs are added or lost. These errors have serious effects on the protein that is supposed to be created. They can affect the ordering of the codon sequence, causing the creation of a non-functional protein. What type of mutation do these insertions or deletions lead to?

a)

A frameshift mutation

b)

A point mutation

96.

Compare the following DNA sequence: CAT-CAT-CAT

Which of the following represents a point mutation?

a)

CAT-CAG-GTC-AT

b)

CAT-CCA-T

c)

CAT-CAT-CAT

d)

CAT-CCT-CAT

97.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
98.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
99.
What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein?
a)
Glucose
b)
Chromosome
c)
Gene
d)
Phosphate
100.

True or False: All of your body cells contain the same genes.

a)

True

b)

False

101.

This chart shows which amino acids are produced from different combinations of mRNA.

What is the correct sequence of amino acids produced from a segment of mRNA described by AUG CUA GUG AAA?

a)

Methionine-Leucine-Valine-Lysine

b)

Methionine-Isoleucine-Lysine-Tyrosine

c)

Methionine-Leucine-Alanine-Aspartate

d)

Methionine-Leucine-Methionine-Histidine

102.

A segment of mRNA has the base sequence UGU CAA ACU CGA. What is the base sequence of the original DNA segment?

a)

ACA GUU UGA GCU

b)

TCT GUU UGA GCU

c)

ACA GTT TGA GCT

d)

GAG TCC CTG TAC

103.

Thirty percent of a particular DNA strand is made of adenine. During transcription, a new mRNA molecule is made from this DNA strand. Which is most correct about the mRNA molecule produced?

a)

50% is cytosine

b)

40% is guanine

c)

30% is thymine

d)

30% is uracil

104.

Which most accurately describes the process of protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA --> DNA --> tRNA --> protein

b)

DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> protein

c)

translation --> transcription --> DNA --> protein

d)

translation --> transcription --> protein --> DNA

105.

How does DNA help to form proteins?

a)

It creates proteins using nucleotides.

b)

It forms the bonds between amino acids.

c)

It creates reactants for proteins to be made.

d)

It gives instructions for the amino acid sequence.

106.

A chemical is applied to cells which prevents the formation of RNA. A disruption of this process would most likely have a direct impact on which other process within the cell?

a)

ATP production

b)

photosynthesis

c)

DNA replication

d)

protein synthesis

107.

What type of mutation results when a single nucleotide is exchanged for a different nucleotide?

a)

deletion

b)

addition

c)

substitution

d)

translocation

108.

Transcription and Translation are two important processes of protein synthesis. Read through the following descriptions. Which ones occur in Transcription?

a)

Uses DNA as a template to create mRNA

b)

Assembles amino acids into proteins

c)

Occurs in the nucleus

d)

Occurs in the ribosome which is found in the cytoplasm

e)

Occurs in the mitochrondria

109.

Transcription and Translation are two important processes of protein synthesis. Read through the following descriptions. Which ones occur in Translation?

a)

Uses DNA as a template to create mRNA

b)

Assembles amino acids into proteins

c)

Occurs in the nucleus

d)

Occurs in the ribosome which is found in the cytoplasm

e)

Occurs in the mitochrondria

110.

Which characteristic can best distinguish between two different proteins?

a)

the presence of nitrogen in the proteins

b)

the sequence of amino acids in the proteins

c)

the number of amino acids found in the proteins

d)

the location of the peptide bonds in the proteins

111.

In a DNA molecule, the bonds between the nitrogenous bases are much weaker than the bonds joining the phosphate groups to the sugars. Why is this significant to the DNA molecule?

a)

The strength of the bonds determine the type of DNA produced during the process of replication.

b)

This difference in bonding allows the bases to break away from the

phosphate-sugar side chains.

c)

The bonds between the sugars and phosphate maintain the DNA

strand while the base bonds break during replication.

d)

The bonds between the phosphates and the sugars are unbreakable ionic bonds, while the base-to-base bonds are covalent.

112.

Which trait distinguishes DNA from RNA?

a)

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

b)

DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.

c)

DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

d)

DNA converts glucose to ATP, while RNA directs protein synthesis.

113.

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis for all organisms?

a)

DNA replicates and carries the code to tRNA for protein construction.

b)

DNA replicates and carries the code to a ribosome for protein

construction.

c)

DNA serves as the template for mRNA, which carries the code to a

ribosome for protein construction.

d)

DNA serves as the template for a ribosome, which carries the code to mRNA for protein construction.

114.

How does tRNA deliver the appropriate amino acid?

a)

It carries multiple amino acids to the nucleus to build DNA molecules.

b)

It carries multiple amino acids to the nucleus to build the protein.

c)

Its anticodon matches with the codon on mRNA.

d)

Its anticodon matches with the codon on DNA.

115.

This diagram shows the process of translation. Which is best represented by the arrow?

a)

an amino acid chain

b)

a polysaccharide

c)

an anti-codon

d)

a codon

116.

This a section of a mRNA:

AUG CCA UUG GAA ACG CCG

How many codons are found in this strand of mRNA?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

9

d)

18

117.

Which group contains the three main types of RNA that are always used in protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA, miRNA, and rRNA

b)

mRNA, miRNA, and tRNA

c)

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA

d)

mRNA, tRNA, and RNAi

118.

What is the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins?

a)

Nucleic acids and proteins both contain peptide bonds.

b)

Nucleic acids are the basic building blocks for proteins.

c)

Nucleic acids provide the instructions on how to build proteins.

d)

Nucleic acids store energy used by proteins during chemical reactions.

119.

An original strand of DNA has the sequence: GGC ATG AAC. A point mutation results in a change in the sequence: GGC ATG AAT.

Using the mRNA codon chart above, what is the most likely result from this change?

a)

One amino acid will change to asparagine.

b)

One amino acid will change to phenylalanine.

c)

All three amino acids in the sequence will change.

d)

All three amino acids in the sequence will remain the same.

120.

An amoeba, a single-celled protist, is exposed to a chemical known to cause DNA mutations. A segment of DNA changes from TAC CCC CAT ACG to TAC CCC CCA TACG. What type of mutation was caused by the mutagen?

a)

base substitution

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

deletion

121.

Observe the amino acid sequence below.

Before: METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – LYSINE – LEUCINE

After: METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – SERINE – LEUCINE

What type of mutation is shown above?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

substitution

d)

frame shift

122.

What is the basic shape of DNA?

a)

Single stranded

b)

Double helix

c)

triple stranded

123.

What are the three structural components of a nucleotide

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Pentose sugar

c)

Oxygen group

d)

nitrogenous base

124.

_____________: The primary physical shape of double-stranded DNA molecules

a)

Double circular

b)

Double Helix

c)

Double straight

125.

The process in which a strand of DNA is copied into an RNA strand for the purpose of protein synthesis

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

126.

____________: The process by which the sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA is converted by a ribosome and transfer RNAs into a polypeptide with a specific sequence of amino acids

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

127.

_____________: A single linear or circular piece of DNA that contains some or all of an organism’s genes

a)

DNA

b)

Gene

c)

Chromosome

d)

Chromatin

128.

_____________: A change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

129.

_____________: The process in which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

130.

_____________: A double stranded nucleic acid that holds genetic information; composed of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

a)

RNA

b)

Chromatin

c)

DNA

d)

Chromosome

131.

_____________: A single stranded nucleic acid that can be used to make proteins; composed of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

a)

RNA

b)

Chromosome

c)

DNA

d)

Chromatin

132.

_____________: Relaxed form of DNA that is present in the nucleus during interphase of eukaryotic cells

a)

RNA

b)

Chromosome

c)

DNA

d)

Chromatin

133.

_____________: A segment of DNA that encodes a protein or functional RNA

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Gene

d)

Chromosome