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Neurophysiology Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neuron function?

a)

It decreases the membrane potential

b)

It makes the neuron membrane impermeable to ions

c)

It balances the concentration of sodium and potassium inside and outside the neuron

d)

It uses ATP to transport sodium and potassium ions across the neuron membrane

2.

At which point on the diagram does depolarization of the axon occur? 

a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
3.
What is the normal resting potential of a neuron cell membrane?
a)
+40mV
b)
-30mV
c)
+55mV
d)
-70mV
4.

When a neuron is in it's resting state, the inside of the axon has a relatively ____________ charge compared with outside

a)

positive

b)

negative

5.
A membrane potential becoming less negative is called
a)
hyperpolarization
b)
depolarization
c)
repolarization
d)
polarization
6.
In resting potential, neurons have more _________ on the outside of the cell membrane.
a)
K+
b)
NaCl
c)
Na+
d)
Cl-
7.

Which ion is found in a higher concentration inside a neuron than outside?

a)

Sodium

b)

Potassium

c)

Chloride

8.

What biomolecule forms the ion channels and pumps in the cell membrane?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

proteins

c)

hydrophilic heads

d)

lipids

9.

True or False: Potassium and sodium cannot freely enter and leave the cell because their movement is tightly regulated by membrane channels and pumps.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

The sodium-potassium "pump" moves:

a)

sodium & potassium ions into the cell

b)

sodium & potassium ions out of the cell

c)

sodium ions into the cell & potassium ions out of the cell

d)

sodium ions out of the cell & potassium ions into the cell

11.
The sodium-potassium pump is involved in establishing the resting membrane potential. 
a)
True
b)
False
12.

Which term is used to describe channels that open in response to a change in membrane potential?

a)

leakage channels

b)

ligand-gated channels

c)

voltage-gated channels

13.

When a neuron has not been activated, it is resting, the membrane is said to be...

a)

polarized

b)

depolarized

c)

hyperpolarized

14.

At which point on the diagram does depolarization of the axon occur? 

a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
15.
The sodium potassium pump restores the resting potential. By which process does this work? 
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Active transport
16.

When are the potassium channels open?

a)

during rest only

b)

during repolarization only

c)

during depolarization only

d)

all the time

17.

Action potentials run along the ______ from ______ to ________.

a)

axon, dendrites, axon terminals

b)

axon, axon terminals, dendrites

c)

dendrites, axon, axon terminals

d)

axon terminals, axon, dendrites

18.
What number(s) on the graph represents the Resting Potential?
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 5
c)
2 and 3
d)
3 and 4
19.
What number on the graph represents the Depolarization phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
20.
What number on the graph represents the Hyperpolarization phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
21.

What type of neuron is this?

a)

Motor

b)

Sensory

c)

Relay

22.
a junction at which a neuron meets another cell
a)
axon
b)
dendrites
c)
myelin sheath
d)
synapse
23.
When a neuron is depolarized, what are the first channels to open?
a)
Sodium
b)
Potassium
c)
Calcium
d)
ACTH
24.
When a neuron is not engaged in an impulse.
a)
Resting potential
b)
Action potential
c)
Neural potential
d)
Synaptic potential
25.
Which ions are involved in the electrical nerve impulse?
a)
Iodine and Sodium
b)
Potassium and Sodium
c)
Iron and Sodium
d)
Calcium and Iodine
26.
Why is -55 mV a significant number?
a)
This is the largest charge achieved during an action potential
b)
This is the threshold required to complete an action potential
c)
This is the resting charge of a neuron
d)
This is the charge when all the sodium is inside the cell
27.
Why is hyperpolarization important?
a)

It allows sodium to rush into the cell to start another action potential immediately.

b)

It ensures the neuron resets and prevents immediate re-firing, allowing signals to travel in one direction.

c)
It makes sure the neurons are in the correct space
d)

It causes continuous firing of the neuron without rest.

28.

At what stages do Sodium and Potassium Voltage Channels open?

a)
Repolarization/ Repolarization
b)
Depolarization/ Hyperpolarization
c)
Hyperpolarization/ Repolarization
d)
Depolarization/ Repolarization
29.
When a membrane potential reaches +30mV, ________ channels open, ________ occurs, and ________ channels close.
a)
Sodium, depolarization, potassium
b)
Potassium, depoloarization, sodium
c)
sodium, repolarization, potassium
d)
postassium, repolarization, sodium
30.
The area between the pre-synaptic cell and the post-synaptic cell is termed the synaptic cleft.
a)
True
b)
False
31.
Nerve impulses within the neuron are sent in _____ form
a)
Electrical
b)
Chemical
c)
Electro-chemical
d)
Petrochemical
32.
W
a)

Axon Terminal

b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
33.
Y
a)

Axon Terminal

b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
34.

neurotransmitter​

A
B
C
D
E
F
35.

presynaptic axon terminal

A
B
C
D
E
F
36.

Postsynaptic dendrite

A
B
C
D
E
F
37.

vesicle

A
B
C
D
E
F
38.

Receptor

A
B
C
D
E
F
39.

Neurotransmitters are released from the

a)

Dendrites

b)

Post-synaptic neuron

c)

Presynaptic neuron

d)

Schwann Cells

40.
What is the chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another nerve cell?
a)
Neurotransmitters
b)
Synapse
c)
Threshold
d)
Impulse
41.
What generates a nerve impulse on the post-synaptic membrane? 
a)
Calcium binding with a receptor site
b)
Potassium leaking into the post-synaptic membrane 
c)
Neurotransmitter binding with receptor sites
d)
Neurotransmitter being removed from the synapse
42.

X

a)

Axon Terminal Button

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Dendrite

d)

Synapse

43.

Z

a)

Axon Terminal

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Dendrite

d)

Synapse

44.

What chemical is activated by the action potential in the presynaptic neuron that causes the vesicles containing neurotranmitters to move toward the synaptic cleft?

a)

calcium

b)

potassium

c)

sodium

d)

phosphorus

45.

What is the response in the postsynaptic cell once the neurotransmitter has bound to it?

a)

In opens the Na+ gated channels and Na+ rush in

b)

It opens the Ca2+ gated channels and Ca2+ rush in

c)

It closes the K+ channels creating a resting potential

d)

It releases its own neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

46.

What happens in an axon terminal when an action potential arrives at the presynaptic membrane?

a)

sodium ions diffuse in

b)

sodium ions diffuse out

c)

calcium ions diffuse in

d)

calcium ions diffuse out

47.

How does neurotransmitter cross the synaptic cleft?

a)

exocytosis

b)

simple diffusion

c)

carrier mediated transport

d)

osmosis

48.

The structure within the presynaptic neuron's axon terminal that contains neurotransmitter waiting to be released:

a)

chemical synapse

b)

synaptic vesicle

c)

postsynaptic neuron

d)

synaptic neuron

49.

What part of the neuron receives incoming messages from other cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

cell body

c)

dendrites

d)

synaptic terminals

50.

What structure(s) aid in speeding up synaptic transmission across the axon?

a)

Nodes of Ranvier

b)

dendrites

c)

myelin sheath

d)

both Nodes of Ranvier and the myelin sheath

51.

What type of ion channels open at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron?

a)

Potassium (K)

b)

Sodium (Na)

c)

Calcium (Ca)

d)

Magnesium (Mg)

52.

What holds the neurotransmitter before it binds to the cell membrane on the axon terminal?

a)

Vacuoles

b)

Vesicles

c)

Vehicles

d)

Ventricles

53.

What role does Ca+2 influx play in the presynaptic terminal?

a)

causes vesicles to bind to the cell membrane and release neurotransmitter

b)

causes vesicles to bind to the cell membrane and release Na+

c)

causes vesicles to bind to the cell membrane and release K+

d)

causes vesicles to bind to the cell membrane and absorb neurotransmitter

54.

What type of channel opens due to the neurotransmitter?

a)

Leakage

b)

Voltage- gated

c)

Chemical ligand-gated

55.

What opens ligand-gated channels?

a)

neurotransmitter

b)

calcium rushing in

c)

sodium rushing in

d)

potassium rushing out

56.

Which of the following ions have an INWARD concentration gradient rather than outward? (Assuming that the ion’s respective channels are opened) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Sodium (Na+) 

b)

Potassium (K+)

c)

Calcium (Ca2+)

d)

Chloride (Cl-) 

57.

When K+ is diffusing out...

a)

the membrane potential increases

b)

the membrane potential decreases

58.

All action potentials start at:

a)

threshold

b)

hyperpolarization

c)

repolarization

59.

When Na+ is diffusing IN

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

60.

When K+ is diffusing OUT

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

61.

The peak change in membrane potential

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

62.

a reversal of charge from -55mV to +30mV

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

63.

specifically -70 mV

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

e)

refractory period

64.

The picture shows....

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

e)

refractory period

65.

The picture shows....

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

e)

refractory period

66.

The picture shows....

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

e)

refractory period

67.

The picture shows....

a)

resting potential

b)

depolarization

c)

action potential

d)

repolarization

e)

refractory period

68.

Stronger stimuli result in

a)

stronger action potentials

b)

more frequent action potentials

69.

The difference b/t electrical potential between the inside and outside of a biological cell

a)

voltage

b)

amperage

c)

charge

d)

membrane potential

70.

Where is the charge -70 mv at rest?

a)

Inside the axon

b)

Outside the axon

c)

Extracellular fluid

d)

Synaptic cleft

71.

Which of the following is the most permeable?

a)

Na+

b)

A-

c)

K+

d)

Cl-

72.

When a potassium voltage channel opens- which way will potassium move?

a)

In

b)

Out

73.

When a sodium voltage channel opens- which way will sodium move?

a)

In

b)

Out

74.

The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves:

a)

sodium & potassium ions into the cell

b)

sodium & potassium ions out of the cell

c)

sodium ions out of the cell & potassium ions into the cell

d)

sodium ions into the cell & potassium ions out of the cell

75.

Which of the following requires energy because it moves against the gradient?

a)

Voltage channels

b)

Ligan channels

c)

Na/K pump

d)

Leak

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