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8th Grade Earth and Space Science Vocabulary

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Occurs when the moon blocks the sun's light.

a)

Total Solar Eclipse

b)

Lunar Eclipse

c)

New Moon

d)

Partial Lunar Eclipse

2.

Occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.

a)

Lunar Eclipse

b)

Solar Eclipse

c)

New Moon

d)

Full Moon

3.

Diagram showing sun, Earth, and moon alignment.

a)

Solar Eclipse Model

b)

Lunar Eclipse Model

c)

Phases of the Moon

d)

Seasons of the Earth

4.

August 21, 2017, for total solar eclipse.

a)

Eclipse Date

b)

Moon Phase

c)

Sunspot Number

d)

Equinox Date

5.

Lunar eclipse occurs 14 days before solar eclipse.

a)

Eclipse Sequence

b)

Tidal Effect

c)

Solar Flare

d)

Planetary Motion

6.

Earth moves halfway around the sun for lunar eclipse. ________

a)

Earth's Revolution

b)

Earth's Rotation

c)

Moon's Revolution

d)

Sun's Rotation

7.

Criteria for scoring responses on eclipse models.

a)

Eclipse Scoring Guidelines

b)

Lunar Assessment Rubric

c)

Solar Evaluation Criteria

d)

Planetary Response Scale

8.

Different appearances of the moon during its cycle.

a)

Moon Phases

b)

Solar Eclipse

c)

Meteor Shower

d)

Sunspots

9.

The appearance of the moon from Earth.

a)

Moon Phase

b)

Solar Eclipse

c)

Lunar Eclipse

d)

Tide

10.

Moon phase when fully illuminated from Earth.

a)

Full Moon

b)

New Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waning Crescent

11.

Moon phase showing half illumination from Earth.

a)

Half Moon

b)

Full Moon

c)

New Moon

d)

Crescent Moon

12.

Moon phase when not visible from Earth.

a)

New Moon

b)

Full Moon

c)

First Quarter

d)

Waning Gibbous

13.

Arrangement affecting moon phases and visibility.

a)

Earth-Sun-Moon Alignment

b)

Earth-Moon-Sun Alignment

c)

Sun-Earth-Moon Alignment

d)

Moon-Earth-Sun Alignment

14.

Time of year for collecting crops.

a)

Harvest Season

b)

Planting Season

c)

Winter Solstice

d)

Rainy Season

15.

Fill in the blank: The mean temperature recorded over a specific period is called _________.

a)

Average Temperature

b)

Maximum Temperature

c)

Minimum Temperature

d)

Seasonal Temperature

16.

Fill in the blank: The path of Neptune around the sun is called _________.

a)

Neptune's Orbit

b)

Neptune's Revolution

c)

Neptune's Rotation

d)

Neptune's Axis

17.

Fill in the blank: The location of the moon in relation to Earth and sun is called _________.

a)

Positioning of Moon

b)

Lunar Eclipse

c)

Solar Flare

d)

Orbit of Mars

18.

Fill in the blank: The moon of Neptune with variable orbital speed is called _________.

a)

Nereid

b)

Triton

c)

Proteus

d)

Larissa

19.

Fill in the blank: The speed of Nereid measured in km/s is called _________.

a)

Orbital Speed

b)

Escape Velocity

c)

Rotational Speed

d)

Terminal Velocity

20.

Fill in the blank: The distance measured in kilometers (km) from Neptune is called _________.

a)

Distance from Neptune

b)

Distance from Mars

c)

Distance from the Sun

d)

Distance from Earth

21.

Fill in the blank: Nereid's speed decreases as distance increases. This is called _________.

a)

Speed Decrease

b)

Acceleration

c)

Constant Velocity

d)

Speed Increase

22.

Fill in the blank: The unit of measurement for distance is _________.

a)

Kilometers (km)

b)

Liters (L)

c)

Seconds (s)

d)

Grams (g)

23.

Fill in the blank: The unit of measurement for speed is _________.

a)

Kilometers per second (km/s)

b)

Kilograms (kg)

c)

Liters (L)

d)

Seconds (s)

24.

Fill in the blank: The path Nereid follows around Neptune is called _________.

a)

Orbital Path

b)

Solar Track

c)

Equatorial Line

d)

Asteroid Belt

25.

Fill in the blank: The resistance of an object to change in motion is called _________

a)

Inertia

b)

Velocity

c)

Friction

d)

Momentum

26.

Fill in the blank: The force related to magnetic fields, not gravity, is called _________.

a)

Magnetism

b)

Gravity

c)

Friction

d)

Electricity

27.

Star around which planets orbit. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Sun

b)

Moon

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

28.

Largest mountain peak in the Solar System. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Rheasilvia

b)

Mount Everest

c)

Mauna Kea

d)

Olympus Mons

29.

Tallest mountain on Earth, base underwater. Fill in the blank: (a)  

30.

Size measurement of celestial objects in arcseconds. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Angular Diameter

b)

Luminosity

c)

Redshift

d)

Parallax

31.

Dwarf planet with 0.05 arcseconds angular diameter. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Ceres

b)

Pluto

c)

Haumea

d)

Eris

32.

Dwarf planet with 0.1 arcseconds angular diameter. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Pluto

b)

Ceres

c)

Haumea

d)

Eris

33.

Formed by Vesta's collision, features a central peak. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Crater Rheasilvia

b)

Crater Tycho

c)

Crater Copernicus

d)

Crater Aristarchus

34.

Measured between 20.0 and 22.5 km. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Height of Rheasilvia's Peak

b)

Depth of Mariana Trench

c)

Length of the Amazon River

d)

Diameter of the Moon

35.

Measured between 10.0 and 10.5 km. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Height of Mauna Kea

b)

Depth of Mariana Trench

c)

Length of Golden Gate Bridge

d)

Height of Mount Everest

36.

Elevation and distance measured in kilometers (km). Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Distance Measurement

b)

Temperature Measurement

c)

Time Measurement

d)

Weight Measurement

37.

Collided with another object, creating Rheasilvia. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Asteroid Vesta

b)

Asteroid Ceres

c)

Asteroid Pallas

d)

Asteroid Hygiea

38.

Height above a reference point, usually sea level. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Elevation

b)

Latitude

c)

Longitude

d)

Gradient

39.

Study of the Earth's surface features. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Topography

b)

Meteorology

c)

Ecology

d)

Geology

40.

Natural objects in space, like planets and asteroids. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Celestial Objects

b)

Terrestrial Plants

c)

Artificial Satellites

d)

Marine Animals

41.

Small planetary bodies not classified as full planets. Fill in the blank: ________

a)

Dwarf Planets

b)

Comets

c)

Asteroids

d)

Moons

42.

Minimum distance from Earth to celestial objects. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Closest Distance

b)

Farthest Distance

c)

Average Speed

d)

Orbital Period

43.

940 km, smaller than Pluto's diameter. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Ceres Diameter

b)

Eris Diameter

c)

Haumea Diameter

d)

Makemake Diameter

44.

5.8 x 10^9 km, farther than Ceres. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Pluto Distance from Earth

b)

Mars Distance from Earth

c)

Venus Distance from Earth

d)

Jupiter Distance from Earth

45.

0.79, Ceres to Pluto's diameter. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Diameter Ratio

b)

Orbital Period

c)

Surface Gravity

d)

Escape Velocity

46.

Larger in telescope due to proximity. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Ceres Appearance

b)

Jupiter Orbit

c)

Mars Surface

d)

Venus Atmosphere

47.

Smaller in telescope due to distance. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Pluto Appearance

b)

Jupiter Orbit

c)

Sun Temperature

d)

Earth Gravity

48.

Location of deep-sea drill cores studied. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Bering Sea

b)

Sahara Desert

c)

Amazon Rainforest

d)

Himalayan Mountains

49.

Rock debris transported by floating ice. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Ice-Rafted Debris

b)

Glacial Till

c)

Aeolian Sand

d)

Volcanic Ash

50.

Chronological catalog of fossilized organisms. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Fossil Record

b)

Geological Map

c)

Carbon Dating

d)

Paleoclimate

51.

Alteration in ecological conditions over time. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Environmental Change

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Evaporation

d)

Condensation

52.

Timeline of Earth's history based on rock layers. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Geological Time Scale

b)

Periodic Table

c)

Weather Forecast

d)

Solar Calendar

53.

Strata containing preserved remains of organisms. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Fossil Layers

b)

Igneous Rocks

c)

Mineral Veins

d)

Sand Dunes

54.

Decrease in global temperatures over a period. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Climate Cooling

b)

Global Warming

c)

Greenhouse Effect

d)

Ozone Depletion

55.

Ocean adjacent to the Bering Sea. Fill in the blank: _________.

a)

Pacific Ocean

b)

Atlantic Ocean

c)

Indian Ocean

d)

Arctic Ocean

56.

Fill in the blank: Measurement of depth below the ocean floor is called _________.

a)

Sample Depth

b)

Surface Depth

c)

Water Column Height

d)

Seafloor Pressure

57.

Fill in the blank: The abbreviation for million years ago is _________.

a)

Mya

b)

Mys

c)

Myr

d)

Myo

58.

Fill in the blank: Strata formed by sedimentation over geological time are called _________.

a)

Rock Layers

b)

Fossil Fuels

c)

Mineral Veins

d)

Igneous Intrusions

59.

Fill in the blank: Choosing data that supports a scientific claim is called _________.

a)

Evidence Selection

b)

Data Ignorance

c)

Claim Rejection

d)

Theory Denial

60.

Fill in the blank: The path an object takes around a star, planet, or moon, primarily influenced by gravitational forces, is called an _________.

a)

Orbit

b)

Axis

c)

Crater

d)

Eclipse

61.

Fill in the blank: The movement of planets around a star in defined orbits, affected by gravitational attraction, is called _________.

a)

Planetary Motion

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Evaporation

d)

Metamorphosis

62.

Fill in the blank: An early stage in star formation where a dense region of gas and dust begins to collapse under gravity is called a _________.

a)

Protostar

b)

White Dwarf

c)

Neutron Star

d)

Black Hole

63.

Fill in the blank: A measure of the amount of matter in an object, which influences its gravitational pull on other objects, is called _________.

a)

Mass

b)

Volume

c)

Density

d)

Temperature

64.

Fill in the blank: Small celestial bodies that form during the early stages of planet formation, leading to the creation of planets, are called _________.

a)

Planetesimals

b)

Asteroids

c)

Comets

d)

Meteoroids

65.

Fill in the blank: The oval-shaped path of an orbiting body, characterized by varying distances from the central object, is called an _________.

a)

Elliptical Orbit

b)

Circular Path

c)

Parabolic Curve

d)

Rectilinear Motion

66.

Fill in the blank: The speed at which a celestial body spins around its own axis or the speed of objects in orbit around a star is called _________.

a)

Rotational Speed

b)

Orbital Distance

c)

Gravitational Pull

d)

Luminosity

67.

Fill in the blank: The rotational center of a galaxy, often containing a supermassive black hole, influencing nearby objects, is called the _________.

a)

Galactic Center

b)

Spiral Arm

c)

Nebula

d)

Globular Cluster

68.

Fill in the blank: The attractive force exerted by a mass on another mass, influencing motion and orbital characteristics, is called _________.

a)

Gravitational Pull

b)

Electromagnetic Force

c)

Nuclear Force

d)

Frictional Force

69.

What is the term for the following definition? A dense cluster of gas and dust in space that can form stars and planets through gravitational collapse.

a)

Collapsing Gas Cloud

b)

Asteroid Belt

c)

Comet Nucleus

d)

Solar Flare

70.

What is the term for the following definition? The star located at the center of a solar system, around which planets, moons, and other bodies orbit.

a)

Central Star

b)

Comet

c)

Asteroid

d)

Satellite

71.

What is the term for the following definition? The process by which particles of gas and dust in space gather together due to gravitational attraction.

a)

Clumping

b)

Evaporation

c)

Sublimation

d)

Diffusion

72.

What is the term for the following definition? A push or pull on an object that can cause it to change its velocity (speed or direction).

a)

Force

b)

Energy

c)

Mass

d)

Friction

73.

What is the term for the following definition? The change in position of an object over time, often measured in terms of speed and direction.

a)

Motion

b)

Friction

c)

Gravity

d)

Energy

74.

What is the term for the following definition? The different appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth, which result from the Moon's position relative to Earth and the Sun.

a)

Lunar Phases

b)

Solar Eclipse

c)

Tides

d)

Meteor Shower

75.

What is the term for the following definition? The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Control Variable

d)

Constant

76.

What is the term for the following definition? The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, which changes in response to the independent variable.

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Control Variable

c)

Constant Variable

d)

Manipulated Variable

77.

What is the term for the following definition? Factors in an experiment that are kept unchanged to ensure that the results are due to the independent variable alone.

a)

Constant Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Control Group

d)

Experimental Variable

78.

Fill in the blank: The mass of an object divided by its volume, indicating how compact its matter is; affects an object's buoyancy and stability in fluids, is called ________.

a)

Density

b)

Viscosity

c)

Temperature

d)

Pressure

79.

Fill in the blank: Natural objects outside of Earth's atmosphere, including planets, moons, stars, and asteroids, are called ________.

a)

Celestial Bodies

b)

Terrestrial Rocks

c)

Atmospheric Layers

d)

Oceanic Currents

80.

Fill in the blank: The collection of celestial bodies, including the Sun, planets, moons, and other objects that are bound by gravity to the Sun, is called the ________.

a)

Solar System

b)

Galaxy Cluster

c)

Asteroid Belt

d)

Milky Way

81.

Fill in the blank: The angle at which a planet tilts on its axis; for Earth, it is approximately 23.5 degrees, which affects seasonal changes, is called ________.

a)

Axial Tilt

b)

Orbital Eccentricity

c)

Solar Declination

d)

Equatorial Bulge

82.

Fill in the blank: Properties such as the shape, size, and duration of orbits that describe how celestial bodies move around each other are called ________.

a)

Orbital Characteristics

b)

Stellar Temperatures

c)

Planetary Atmospheres

d)

Gravitational Waves

83.

Fill in the blank: A system that organizes Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on significant geological and biological events is called the ________.

a)

Geologic Time Scale

b)

Plate Tectonic Theory

c)

Rock Cycle

d)

Weathering Process

84.

Fill in the blank: A method used to determine the chronological order of rock layers and fossils without providing exact ages, based on their positions, is called ________.

a)

Relative Dating

b)

Absolute Dating

c)

Radiometric Dating

d)

Carbon Dating

85.

Fill in the blank: A technique that determines the exact age of rocks or fossils using methods like radiometric dating is called ________.

a)

Absolute Dating

b)

Relative Dating

c)

Fossilization

d)

Stratification

86.

Fill in the blank: The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay, used in radiometric dating to calculate the age of rocks, is called ________.

a)

Half-life

b)

Decay constant

c)

Isotope ratio

d)

Radioactive index

87.

Fill in the blank: A significant and rapid decrease in biodiversity on Earth, marked by the extinction of a large number of species, is called ________.

a)

Mass Extinction

b)

Speciation

c)

Adaptive Radiation

d)

Ecological Succession

88.

Fill in the blank: Remains or traces of ancient organisms preserved in rock, used to understand the history of life and Earth, are called ________.

a)

Fossil Evidence

b)

Mineral Deposits

c)

Igneous Rocks

d)

Living Specimens

89.

Fill in the blank: Fossils that are used to define and identify geologic periods are called ________.

a)

Index Fossils

b)

Trace Fossils

c)

Body Fossils

d)

Microfossils

90.

What is the largest division of geological time, encompassing billions of years and comprising several eras?

a)

Eon

b)

Epoch

c)

Period

d)

Age

91.

What is a major division of geological time, less than an eon and comprised of multiple periods?

a)

Era

b)

Epoch

c)

Age

d)

Stage

92.
a)
solar eclipse
b)
lunar eclipse
93.
a)
solar eclipse
b)
lunar eclipse
94.
During a solar eclipse...
a)
The sun is blocked
b)
The Earth is blocked
95.

What is this a picture of?

a)

a solar eclipse

b)

a lunar eclipse

c)

a solar solstice

d)

a lunar solstice