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WorksheetsFood, Soil, and Pest Management Quiz
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 57mins
Which of the following is a likely scenario for an organic farm?
use of synthetic pesticides
use of synthetic fertilizers
use of genetically engineered seeds
use feed additives
use of feed that contains no antibiotics
Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
organic food
sustainable agriculture
animals raised on 100% organic feed
natural food
label of 100% organic
Which of the following is the root cause of food insecurity?
insufficient food resources being produced globally
rapid climate change
Poverty
political disputes over natural resources
poor organization of government agencies
Which of the following is a micronutrient, which without sufficient quantities in a diet can result in goiter?
Protein
Carbohydrates
vitamin A
vitamin C
Iodine
The term malnutrition refers to people who
eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories
eat balanced meals
eat too much
suffer from lack of protein and other key nutrients
eat too much protein
Which macronutrient in the human diet helps to build and repair body tissues?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Oils
Fats
both oils and proteins
Which of the following problems with nutrition do you think is most prevalent in the United States?
Malnutrition
under nutrition
Micronutrition
chronic hunger
Overnutrition
Which of the following is the list of macronutrients needed to sustain good health?
vitamin A, C, and iodine
vitamin A, C, and E
iodine, protein, and carbohydrate
protein, carbohydrate, and fats
protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids
The following grains are among the world's major food crops except
Wheat
Soybean
Rice
Corn
wheat and corn are major food crops, but not soybeans or rice
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?
plantation agriculture
traditional agriculture
industrialized agriculture
minimum-tillage agriculture
high-input agriculture
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?
plantation agriculture
traditional agriculture
industrialized agriculture
minimum-tillage agriculture
maximum-tillage agriculture
All of the following crops are commonly grown in plantation agriculture (nông nghiệp trồng trọt) except
Corn
Bananas
palm oil
Coffee
Sugarcane
The majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the
O horizon of leaf litter
A horizon of topsoil
O and A horizons
C horizon
B horizon
What proportion of food products sold on U.S. supermarket shelves contains some form of genetically engineered crop?
20%
30%
50%
60%
70%
Which of the following would not be used to describe poly-culture?
Plants mature at various times.
The plot of land is left unmanaged for long periods of time.
Fertilizer use and water use are reduced.
Pesticides are rarely needed.
It produces higher yields than high-input monocultures.
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
croplands and grains
aquaculture and seafood
rangelands and meat
feedlots and shellfish
fishery and commercial harvesting
Because root systems at different depths in a given area of soil capture nutrients and soil efficiently we can say that
polyculture lessens the need for fertilizer
polyculture lessens the need for fertilizer and water
polyculture increases the need for fertilizer but not water
polyculture increases the need for water but not fertilizer
polyculture lessens the need for pollinators
Monoculture is a method of growing food that is utilized solely in
industrialized agriculture
Polyculture
traditional subsistence agriculture
traditional intensive agriculture
both industrialized agriculture and traditional intensive agriculture
Since 1950, aquaculture production has
declined by half
increased almost seven-fold
increased over 40-fold
stayed exactly the same as the wild fish catch
declined by about 10%
Our economic systems promote unsustainable forms of industrialized agriculture because
they so successfully provide healthy food to our populations
they do not include most of the harmful environmental and health costs of such food production in the market prices
they are so effective in cutting costs
they provide so many jobs
the food production is so efficient
Most soil erosion is caused by
wind and moving water
Photosynthesis
earthquakes
volcanoes
excess heat
Salt buildup may
increase crop growth
increase yields
eventually kill weeds
eventually make the land unproductive
initially decrease yield, but later increase yield
Which of the following can lead to desertification?
conservation tillage
severe and prolonged drought
crop rotation
polyculture farming
terraced crop arrangements
Which of the following best describes how the process of irrigation can lead to salinization of soils?
Water associated with irrigation flows from uphill. The salts that were in the soil uphill end up being brought to the lower elevations.
Water associated with irrigation contains small amounts of dissolved salts. Evaporation leaves behind increasing concentrations of these salts.
Irrigation water contains salts. Evaporation allows the salts to be lifted away, reducing the levels of salts in the soil.
Irrigation water is treated with dissolved salts to promote plant growth. Over time the plants become saturated with salts and do not need this macronutrient.
Irrigation is primarily accomplished through the use of abundant sea water, which contains high concentrations of salts.
How many units of energy are required to produce one unit of grain-fed beef?
One
10
15
25
35
Which one of the following items is a major disadvantage of animal feed lots ( cho thú ăn)?
Less land is required to feed the animals.
Use of antibiotics can increase genetic resistance to microbes (Virus mạnh hơn) in humans.
Soil erosion is reduced.
Overgrazing is reduced.
Biodiversity is protected.
Killing wild predators is an example of a(n) ______________problem caused by industrialized food production.
biodiversity loss
soil
human health
air pollution
water
The amount of irrigated land used to produce food crops has increased since 1950. It can also be said that:
The amount of irrigated land per person has increased since 1950.
The amount of irrigated land per person has decreased since 1950.
The amount of irrigated land per person has stayed the same since 1950.
The amount of irrigated land per person for this time period is not known.
The amount of irrigated land per person has increased in some areas and decreased in others.
Strains (Sức cố) of genetically modified food crops can hybridize (lai tạo) with wild crop varieties when
The process is carefully controlled in an agricultural lab.
Pollen blows from the genetically modified crop and spreads among wild varieties.
Pollen is transferred by the farmer from one crop to the other.
It is not possible for a genetically modified plant to hybridize with a wild species.
More than one of these answers is correct
According to pesticide proponents, pesticides
work fast
increase profit for farmers
save lives and work fast
increase food supplies and profit for farmers
work fast, increase profit, save lives, and increase food supplies
The world's 30,000 known species of spiders
kill more livestock with poisonous bites than any other threat.
have to be controlled in order for integrated pest management to work properly
are a threat not only to livestock, but also to rural farmers because they nest in sheds where equipment is stored and later retrieved.
kill far more crop-eating insects every year than humans do by using chemicals.
Are at the bottom of the food chain in agricultural settings and so provide important food for birds that control caterpillar populations.
Since 1945, approximately ____ species of insects and rodents have developed resistance to one or more insecticides (tăng khả năng đề kháng với các loại thuốc diệt côn trùng)
50
500
1,000
2,000
5,000
The Environmental Working Group estimates that you could reduce your pesticide intake by up to 90% by eating only 100% organic (100% organic mới loại bỏ đươc 90% pesticide intake)
tomatoes and lettuce
lettuce, imported grapes, sweet bell peppers, peaches, apples and celery
nectarines, cherries, strawberries, spinach, pears and potatoes
choices a and b are both correct
choices b and c are both correct
Which of the following approaches would be the least beneficial in trying to reduce insect damage?
rotating crops
genetic engineering of crops
planting monocultures
bringing in natural enemies
planting polycultures
Biological control of pests
costs more money than pesticides to use
is toxic to use
is fast-acting
is not toxic to use
has never been very effective
A pheromone is
a new form of chemical insecticide awaiting approval by FIFRA
a strong herbicide
a species-specific chemical sex attractant
a bloodstream chemical that controls an organism's growth and development
a safe, natural pesticide
Which of the following statements is a weakness of using pheromones?
They are costly and time-consuming to produce.
They are more effective in the juvenile stage than the adult stage.
Insects develop resistance to pheromones.
They are biologically magnified in nontarget species.
They only work in large amounts.
A hormone is
a new form of chemical insecticide awaiting approval by FIFRA
a strong herbicide
a species-specific chemical sex attractant
a chemical that controls an organism's growth and development
a strong pesticide
Integrated pest management ____ than pesticides.
requires more expert knowledge about individual pest-crop situations
is faster acting
requires more fertilizer and irrigation
is more expensive
requires more labor
An integrated pest management program attempts to
increase inputs of fertilizer and irrigation water
reduce crop damage to an economically tolerable level
increase pesticide use
decrease yields and increase costs
increase the development of disease-resistant pests
Switching to integrated pest management in the United States
will be easy to do because it is very simple
is hindered by government subsidies for using chemicals and by opposition from chemical manufacturers
is difficult because it only works for a few pests
is strongly opposed by environmentalists
is easy to accomplish but is opposed by organic farmers
Perhaps the most important thing about Rachel Carson's investigative work on the environmental effects of pesticides, and her publication 'Silent Spring,' is
the number of errors in the book
her failure to include a discussion about Integrated Pest Management
that it laid the groundwork for later, more serious work
that many historians consider her work to be an important contribution to the modern environmental movement emerging in the United States
that it is a remarkable book considering it was written by a person without any scientific training
The sale and use of pesticides in the United States is regulated by which agencies?
FDA, EPA, and USDA
USDA, FDA, and ATF
CIA, FDA, and USDA
FBI, FDA, and EPA
EPA, ATF, and FBI
In the United States, the use of synthetic pesticides has increased 10-fold between 1942 and 1997. For the same time period, the crop loss to insects has
declined by 10%
increased by 2%
almost doubled from 10% to 13%
stayed at exactly the same percentage
declined by 50%
The National Academy of Sciences has estimated that 98% of the potential risk of developing cancer from pesticide residue on food grown in the U.S. could be eliminated if
the entire industrialized agriculture business switched to integrated pest management
genetically modified foods were grown exclusively
pheromone traps were used more effectively to capture pests
EPA standards for pre-1972 pesticides were as strict as standards for later pesticides
the government banned just one of the worst pesticides from use
All of the following are true about subsidies for food production except
Subsidies in developed countries average $571,000 per minute.
Milk production quadrupled in New Zealand after farm subsidies were ended.
Food prices in developed countries are kept artificially low.
Developing countries also receive large amounts of subsidies for growing food.
Some analysts recommend replacing traditional subsidies with subsidies that promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Government subsidies (trợ cấp) to fishing fleets
promote overfishing
promote the reduction of aquatic biodiversity
promote overfishing and reduction of aquatic biodiversity
reduce the use of bottom-trawling harvests
are currently less than $100,000 per year
Topsoil in the United States is eroding about ____ times faster than it can form.
2
4
8
17
22
Which of the following is central to most of the efforts to conserve topsoil?
an emphasis on agricultural practices that enhance monocultures
annual crop rotations
keeping the soil covered by vegetation
preventing insect pests from destroying valuable crops
conversion of croplands into pasturelands or feedlots
Conservation tillage
increases labor costs
increases erosion
increases energy consumption
accelerates water loss from the soil
decreases erosion (conserve là tốt)
In alley cropping:
Crops are planted between hedgerows of trees or shrubs that are used for fruits or fuelwood.
Terraces are built to prevent swift water runoff.
Plowing runs across slopes.
Special tillers are used so the topsoil is not disturbed.
A row of crops alternates in strips with another row of crops.
Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?
green manure
sewage sludge
compost
animal manure
All of these are major types of organic fertilizers.
The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients is
crop rotation
fertilizing with compost
fertilizing with green manure
fertilizing with animal manure
irrigation
Aquaculture would be more sustainable if
consumers chose to eat fish species that are primary consumers instead of secondary consumers
consumers chose to eat top predators
fish farms were located near mangrove forests
fish farms were located near estuaries
chemical pesticides were used to control common fish diseases
Which of the following is a characteristic of polyaquaculture?
Only herbivorous fish are raised.
Only carnivorous fish are raised.
Fish and shrimp are raised in ponds along with algae, seaweed, and shellfish.
Fish are raised in estuaries where the flushing action of rivers keeps the wastes moving away from the fish.
Multiple kinds of shellfish (crab, shrimp, mussels) are raised in the same pond.
Which choice reflects the correct sequence of animal efficiency at converting grain into protein, from the most efficient animal to the least?
fish, chicken, pigs, beef cattle
chicken, fish, beef cattle, pigs
pigs, chicken, fish, beef cattle
beef cattle, fish, chicken, pigs
These animals are all equally efficient at converting grain into protein.
The largest contributor to the ecological foot print of most individuals in affluent nations is
recreational hunting and fishing
vacations via air travel
residential heating
meat production and consumption
purchasing more clothing and accessories than are needed
Sustainable agriculture is characterized by all of the following except
soil salinization
crop rotation
soil conservation
integrated pest management
promoting polyculture practices
In order to switch to sustainable agriculture, which of the following practices would not be favorable?
Give subsidies and tax breaks to those that use the method.
Shift to full-cost pricing.
Increase government support of research on sustainable agriculture.
Expand the use of the crops of the green revolution.
Discourage monocultures.
You spend an evening with friends who have invited you for dinner and are gourmet cooks. During the conversation over dinner, you learn that the food being served was all locally grown and purchased through a CSA that your hosts participate in. Your hosts could be called
environmental activists
bioprospectors
omnivores
backyard gardeners
locavores
Which of the following are ways that individuals can support sustainable agriculture through their choices and behaviors?
waste less food
eat locally grown food and meat
waste less food and compost food wastes
waste less food, eat less meat, compost food wastes and eat locally grown food
use a drip system for watering in your own garden
Compared to conventional tillage, conservation tillage
reduces fuel and tillage costs
accelerates water loss from the soil
causes soil compaction
requires increased use of herbicides
can qualify the farmer for more government subsidies
Food production worldwide is now less than in previous decades.
T
F
There are sufficient food resources being produced to meet the basic nutritional requirements of every person on the planet.
T
F
Overgrazing by cattle can ultimately result in water pollution.
True
False
Plantation agriculture is used primarily to reduce soil erosion and restore soil fertility.
True
False
Over time, the extensive addition of water through irrigation practices can actually lead to desertification.
True
False
A disadvantage to the green revolution is the intensive use of commercial inorganic fertilizers.
True
False
Pesticides have a positive benefit in terms of public health because fungi, insects, and noncrop plants can contaminate crops with many natural toxins.
True
False
Malnourished individuals (~ người suy dinh dưỡng) may become more prone to infections and eventually may develop a specific deficiency disease (dễ bị nhiễm trùng hơn và cuối cùng có thể phát triển các bệnh thiếu hụt cụ thể)
True
False
Farmers use alley cropping with row patterns nearly level around hills-not up and down-to dissuade soil erosion.
True
False
Per unit area, the application of synthetic pesticides is higher on typical crop fields than it is on the average lawn.
True
False
Since 1942 the use of synthetic pesticides has increased 10-fold. In spite of this fact, food supply damage due to pests has increased during that time.
True
False
Some nations have experienced an increase in certain crop yields after greatly cutting pesticide use.
True
False
Health problems faced by those who are overfed are completely different from the health problems faced by those who are underfed.
True
False
There are no technological substitutes for fertile and uncontaminated topsoil.
True
False
It takes about one unit of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy to put one unit of food energy on the table.
True
False
Research shows that, on average, low-input polycultures produce higher crop yields than high-input monocultures.
True
False
To be classified as organically grown, animals must be free-ranging.
True
False
Organic agriculture is globally export-oriented because it also embraces cultural diversity.
True
False
The main source of carbohydrates (one of the key nutrients) is lipids.
True
False
Polyculture lessens the need for fertilizer and water.
True
False
World grain production per capita has increased consistently between 1961 and 2009.
True
False
Excessive irrigation of food crops has never been a problem for agriculture.
True
False
A(n) (a) is a chemical used to control or kill populations of organisms that we consider undesirable such as insects, weeds, or rodents.
Numerous practices have been developed to deter ____ _______, including reducing or eliminating tillage, managing irrigation to reduce runoff, and keeping the soil covered with plants or mulch.
(a)
(a) is a form of industrialized agriculture used primarily in tropical developing countries.
(a) reduces soil oxygen levels, causes accumulation of gases toxic to plants, and alters the concentration of nutrients around plant roots
(a) is a way to grow food on steep slopes or mountainsides without depleting topsoil.
The process of (a) allows for the raising of marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages.
(a) are chemicals emitted by living organisms to send messages to individuals of the same species and can be used as alternatives to pesticides.
The United States primarily uses (a) for food production.
Today in America, four of the top ten causes of death are diseases related to (a) .
Low-input ____________________ produces higher yields than does high-input ____________________.
(a)
When farmers use (a) systems, typically 90-95% of the water input reaches the crops
One of the problems with genetically modified food crops is that if pollen released from the plants spreads among non-engineered plants => Lai giống á, nên reduce natural genetic biodiversity hen) it will reduce the natural genetic (a) of wild strains.
(a) is (are) a key nutrient that drives the synthesis of hormones as well as the growth of membrane tissues in humans
Alley cropping, agroforestry and terracing are all methods of reducing (a) .
Two of the solutions for cleaning up salinized soil are flushing the soil with water, and placing underground drainage systems. The negative aspect of these solutions is their (a)
The irrigation system with the lowest efficiency rating is (a) .
