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WorksheetsNYS REGENTS PRACTICE 1.0
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 3hrs 24mins
The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell's production of
DNA
oxygen
ATP
glucose
Which factor would be an abiotic limiting factor for fish living in a lake in New York State?
amount of algae
number of humans fishing
number of fish predators
acidity of the water
A native species is competing for resources with a nonnative species that was accidentally introduced into the area. The nonnative species is more likely to survive than the native species when
both species eat the same food
predators prey on both species
the native species is immune to a particular pathogen present in the ecosystem
the nonnative species has no natural enemies present in the ecosystem
Evidence suggests that a large meteorite hit Earth 65 million years ago, causing a layer of dust to block the Sun, cooling the planet. It is estimated that 70% of all plant and animal species, including the dinosaurs, died off as a result. The best explanation for the deaths of these organisms is that
consumers require sunlight to make sugars in order to survive
the amount of energy available to the biosphere was decreased
energy is produced only by plants
all animals eat plants for energy
DNA is formed using four kinds of base subunits. In a double-stranded segment of DNA, the percentage of the base C is 18%. What is the approximate percentage of base T?
18%
32%
36%
64%
When a person receives a transplanted organ, many medications are necessary to keep the organ from being rejected. The process of organ rejection is similar to the one involved in
the growth of cancerous tissue
an allergic reaction
a genetic mutation
the production of an antigen
Hydrilla, an aquatic plant native to Asia, Africa, and Australia, was introduced to the United States through the aquarium trade in the 1950s and 1960s. It quickly became established in Florida and has since spread widely across the southeastern United States, parts of southern Canada, and as far as Connecticut, Texas, and California. The main mechanisms of spread include fragments on boats and trailers, as well as accidental or intentional releases from aquariums and water gardens. Hydrilla overcrowds other vegetation, alters water chemistry and affects fish populations.
The result of the introduction of Hydrilla into native ecosystems in the United States shows that
chemical controls will now be necessary to maintain every stable ecosystem
Hydrilla will not continue to expand beyond one year because it is not native to the United States
organisms in ecosystems of the United States can eventually build up an immunity to Hydrilla
when humans alter ecosystems by adding specific organisms, serious consequences can result
It is likely that the population of these bats with exceptionally long tongues will increase in the Madidi National Park ecosystem in Bolivia if
the population of plants with very deep flowers suffers a sharp decrease in number
the gene for the long tongue trait cannot get passed on to future generations of nectar bats
other mammal species with long tongues move into the area and increase competition
the tongue variation provides the species with an advantage in surviving and reproducing
Some organisms have variations in their physical characteristics like coat color, eye color and enzyme function . Two sources of these variations are
mitotic and meiotic cell division
mutations and recombination
cloning and sexual reproduction
natural selection and evolution
In order to prepare for a future outbreak of Ebola, a harmful virus, two vaccines were tested. In order for either of these vaccines to be effective, they must
cause the immune system to produce special proteins that will recognize and destroy the virus
be able to destroy the DNA code that produces white blood cells that can carry the virus
stimulate the human body to produce antigens that can attach to and destroy the Ebola virus
produce bacterial cells that can attack the Ebola virus
The population of reindeer has been decreasing over the last 20 years in the Arctic because climate change has led to more rainfall there. The rain freezes on top of the snow, preventing the reindeer from getting through the snow to find food. Which action by humans has most likely contributed to climate change?
recycling materials
protecting wildlife
maintaining the ozone shield
burning fossil fuels
Which statement about the functioning of the human reproductive system is correct?
The zygote helps the mother provide milk to the fetus before it is born.
Testes produce unfertilized eggs and release them so that they can be fertilized by sperm.
Ovaries are where male gametes undergo meiosis to reduce their chromosome number.
The uterus is where the fetus develops internally until birth.
A Christmas tree farmer cuts down a native forest to plant Frasier fir trees. Compared to the original forest, the newly planted Christmas tree farm will most likely be
more stable and more diverse
more stable and less diverse
less stable and more diverse
less stable and less diverse
A major environmental concern in urban areas is pollution produced by automobiles. Fluids, such as oil and gasoline, may leak out of vehicles and end up in lakes, streams, and rivers. One reason why scientists are concerned about this type of pollution is that
the presence of these fluids in waterways could make them uninhabitable for aquatic organisms and reduce water supplies for humans
the addition of these fluids will cause an increase in the levels of lakes and rivers, possibly causing flooding in nearby areas
these fluids increase the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants, reducing the amount of O₂ available for other life forms
the addition of these chemicals to waterways reduces air quality, which would lead to increased respiratory diseases and global warming
When a plant is in a hot and dry environment, the guard cells may close the stomate openings in the leaves. This action will directly
maintain homeostasis by reducing the evaporation of water
harm the plant by cutting off its oxygen supply
maintain homeostasis by preventing carbon dioxide from entering
harm the plant by cutting off its energy supply
Destruction of ocean habitats by pollution today means that the organisms living there may not survive in the future. By polluting the oceans, humans are
helping advance economic gains by using resources wisely
altering the equilibrium of ocean ecosystems
decreasing the rate of species extinction
increasing the stability of the oceans
Each of the cells present in a woman contains a complete set of chromosomes. The only exceptions are her
skin cells
egg cells
nerve cells
lung cells
Whichof the following demonstrates the correct sequence of events involved in the formation of a human embryo?
meiosis, differentiation, fertilization, mitosis
differentiation, meiosis, mitosis, fertilization
fertilization, mitosis, meiosis, differentiation
meiosis, fertilization, mitosis, differentiation
The overall series of events in this diagram best illustrates the process of:
H. pylori control by the stomach
DNA replication in bacterial cells
mutation of the antibiotic used in the treatment
natural selection in H. pylori bacteria
This fossil of the famous Archaeopteryx and others like it show transitional features between dinosaurs and birds, like feathers, long tails, and clawed hands and feet. Such fossils lead scientists to conclude that
dinosaurs and birds all ate the same foods
sexual reproduction in birds resulted in dinosaurs
dinosaurs and birds share a common ancestor
dinosaurs and birds belong to the same species
Cold temperatures can kill bed bugs if they are exposed to it long enough. All stages of bed bugs will be killed on objects left in a freezer at 0°F for 3 days. Using the technique of freezing is preferable to using chemical insecticides because a major disadvantage of using chemical pesticides is that they
are highly toxic to the bedbugs, but not toxic to other organisms
could remain in the clothing or bedding and harm humans later
are made of molecules so the bedbugs will not develop resistance to them
could be useful for medical research and should not be wasted on bedbugs
Human society has become increasingly dependent on industry and technology. While this has had many benefits, it also has had the disadvantage of
reducing the amount of food that can be produced by one acre of farmland
lowering the level of carbon dioxide available for plants to use for photosynthesis
raising the number of producers worldwide to dangerous levels
increasing our reliance on energy sources such as fossil fuels
Within a specific kind of tissue, there are different types of cells. In bone tissue, there are four different cell types. Which of the following is less specialized than the other three?
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteogenic cell
Osteoclast
Since the four types of cells in bone contain the same genetic instructions, how is it possible for them to have different shapes and carry out different functions?
Each cell type has the ability to remove unnecessary DNA sequences.
Different parts of the genetic code may be used in each of the cell types.
Different gene mutations take place within each cell type.
Each cell type is the result of different methods of cell division.
The series of fossil snail shells represents samples collected from deposits laid down from 10 million years ago to 3 million years ago. What conclusion can be drawn about the snails of this species?
Changed in size due to environmental changes that affected the survival of different-sized snails.
Grew smaller, then larger over time as the environment changed from a wetter to a drier climate.
Changed in size at different times, because they needed better protection from predators.
Grew larger because, as organisms evolve, they always become larger and more complex.
When a person is threatened, the pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones. These stress hormones can cause a temporary increase in heart rate. This is an example of
an enzyme interaction
a feedback mechanism
an immune-system response
an allergic reaction
A plant commonly referred to as “Mother of Thousands” has lost its ability to produce seeds. In order to reproduce, the edges of the plant’s leaves asexually develop miniature plants that drop off and grow into mature plants. Which of the following best describes the genetic information in the cells of the offspring when compared to the parent plant?
The offspring will have half the genetic information
It will be the same
The offspring will have double
The genetic information of the offspring will be incomplete
The diagram below represents part of a biological process that begins with a chromosome containing a specific human gene being removed from a human cell. The overall process is important because it
may be used to make human DNA identical to that of other organisms
helps scientists understand how amino acids are grouped together to form a genetic code
results in the production of carbohydrates that cannot mutate and cause disease
may be used to produce chemicals that can be used to treat certain human disorders
What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period?
The increased light during the day decreases the oxygen produced by photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis produces more oxygen during the day than is used by respiration.
Respiration is reduced at night, so the oxygen produced by photosynthesis increases.
More producers are active at night, so the dissolved oxygen increases.
A large population of fish was introduced into the pond. During which part of the day would these fish affect the dissolved oxygen level in the pond?
both day and night, because respiration is occurring all the time in plants and animals
nighttime, because no respiration is occurring
daytime, because that is when plants are most active
neither day nor night, because only plants produce oxygen
Using the information on the graph, what is the most likely relationship between these two populations?
predator/prey
parasite/host
consumer/decomposer
pathogen/host
The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy available as one moves up the pyramid is that
producers require more energy than consumers to survive
decomposers recycle nutrients at each level
much of the energy at each level is lost as heat
animals use less energy than plants
Researchers have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins, can bring about epigenetic effects. This research suggests that an organism’s traits
are always determined by its DNA sequences
are only determined by environmental effects
can be influenced by environmental factors
alter half of the DNA they inherited from their parents
Based on the diagram, an explanation for why these identical twins are not identical in all traits is that
twin A can synthesize a protein resulting in a particular trait and twin B cannot
twin B can express a gene that twin A cannot
they have different DNA sequences for this particular gene
they were formed from the fertilization of two different eggs by two different sperm
Which statement best explains why it is necessary to remove the nucleus from the egg cell used during the nuclear transfer cloning process?
If the egg cell nucleus remains in the cell, then there will be three copies of all chromosomes in the
If the egg cell nucleus is not removed, it will be impossible to predict the color of the cloned organism.
Removing the egg cell nucleus from the egg cell will cause the cell to become a body cell.
If the egg cell nucleus is not removed, then the cloned organism will always develop into a male.
If the donor sheep was black and the surrogate mother was white, then the cloned sheep would likely be
white, due to the color of the surrogate mother cat
white, due to mutations of the cloned cat
black, due to having the same DNA as the donor cat
black and white, due to mixing of the genes of the two cats during the cloning process
The biggest advantage that binary fission often has over sexual reproduction is that
there is more genetic variety in the resulting cells
the genetic material comes from two parents
the offspring inherit only favorable genes
a large number of identical offspring are produced quickly
Recent fossil evidence suggests that flight may have evolved from the ground up, as early birds used to jump off the ground as a way to avoid predators. These discoveries suggest that
scientists use only fossil evidence to study flight
scientific understandings can change as new information becomes available
most birds avoid predators by jumping off the ground into the air
ancestral birds always climbed trees
Which claim is best supported by the data represented in the graphs?
The American toad population increased by approximately 57% in 1995 and 40% more in 2007.
The bullfrog population decreased every year between 1995 and 2005.
The spring peeper population is at about the same level in 2007 as it was in 1995.
All three amphibian populations were infected by a parasite in 2003.
Why do sea turtles return to the same beach to nest?
To find food
To avoid predators
To ensure the survival of their eggs
To socialize with other turtles
The graph shows the population growth of Laggerhead turtles over 10 years. Identify one factor that could result in an increase in the population size after year 10
increased competition within the species
additional food became available
predators of the species became more numerous
a new parasite negatively affected reproduction in the species
What is the most favorable temperature for the growth of the yellow perch population?
10°C
15°C
20°C
30°C
Several industries use water from a lake to cool their machinery. When this water is returned to the lake, it has been warmed by several degrees. Select one of the fish species and describe one way that a temperature increase from 20°C to 25°C could affect the growth rate of that species.
Rainbow trout - Growth rate decreases
Yellow perch - Growth rate increases
Largemouth bass - Growth rate decreases
Yellow perch - Growth rate decreases
Explain why male peacocks continue to have large tail feathers, even though having the feathers may make them more likely to be killed by predators.
To attract more predators
To regulate body temperature
To attract female peahens
To help in flying
State what must happen to protein molecules in food before cells can use them.
They must be stored in the liver
They must be broken down into amino acids
They must be converted into fats
They must be excreted
Identify the structure in a cell where proteins are synthesized.
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Identify which characteristic of a protein molecule allows it to perform a specific function.
Its color
Its size
Its shape
Its weight
Which of the following best describes the difference between ecological succession and Evolution?
Ecological succession involves genetic changes, while evolution involves changes in species composition.
Ecological succession involves changes in species composition, while evolution involves genetic changes.
Both ecological succession and evolution involve only genetic changes.
Both ecological succession and evolution involve only changes in species composition.
Identify one life function that lysosomes help the cell carry out, and describe how they help the cell perform this function.
Photosynthesis; by capturing sunlight
Digestion; by breaking down large organic compounds
Respiration; by exchanging gases
Reproduction; by dividing cells
Which of the following pairs a cell organelle's function with how it helps the lysosome?
Mitochondria; by providing energy for lysosomal enzyme function
Chloroplast; by producing glucose for lysosome membranes
Ribosome; by synthesizing Lipids for lysosomal enzymes
Nucleus; by synthesizing proteins for lysosomes
Explain why most people who are infected with HIV generally do not die from the virus itself, but instead from infections caused by other viruses or bacteria.
HIV directly causes organ failure.
HIV weakens the immune system, making it easier for other infections to cause harm.
HIV increases the body's temperature, leading to heat-related illnesses.
HIV causes the body to produce excess white blood cells.
Describe what a vaccine, such as the one used in the HVTN 702 trial, might contain that would help to prevent an HIV infection in an individual.
Live HIV virus to build immunity.
Antibodies from an infected person.
A harmless piece of the virus to stimulate an immune response.
Antibiotics to kill the virus.
Identify one substance that the blood transports to organs and tissues of the body and explain why this substance is necessary for organs and tissues to continue to function.
Oxygen; it is necessary for cellular respiration.
Carbon dioxide; it is necessary for photosynthesis.
Nitrogen; it is necessary for protein synthesis.
Hydrogen; it is necessary for water formation.
Describe one role of the sea urchin population in the kelp forest ecosystem. Support your answer with information from the food web.
Sea urchins help control the population of sea otters.
Sea urchins are a primary food source for sea stars.
Sea urchins contribute to the growth of giant kelp.
Sea urchins are predators of large fish.
Describe one way a decrease in the number of sea urchins would affect the population of large fish. Support your answer with information from the food web.
The population of large fish would increase due to more available food.
The population of large fish would decrease due to less available food.
The population of large fish would remain unchanged.
The population of large fish would increase due to more sea otters.
Another team of students predicted that, if they removed all of the sea stars, the ecosystem might remain stable. Explain why removing sea stars might seem like a good way to make up for the overharvesting of the sea urchins.
Sea stars are predators of sea urchins, so removing them could allow sea urchin populations to recover.
Sea stars help in the reproduction of sea urchins, so removing them would decrease sea urchin numbers.
Sea stars are primary producers, so their removal would increase sea urchin food supply.
Sea stars compete with sea urchins for food, so removing them would decrease competition.
Explain why removing the sea stars could result in the loss of the entire kelp ecosystem.
Sea stars help control sea urchin populations, which, if unchecked, can destroy kelp forests.
Sea stars are the primary food source for kelp, so their removal would starve the kelp.
Sea stars provide essential nutrients to kelp through their waste.
Sea stars pollinate kelp, so their removal would prevent kelp reproduction.
Tests were performed to help identify the person who committed a crime. Lane D
contained DNA from evidence found at the crime scene. Lanes A, B, and C contained DNA
from each of the three suspects.
What technique was used to obtain these results?
Capillary Electrophoresis
Mass Spectrometry
Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Filtration
The fragments of DNA separated into these bands because of their
pH and color
charge and radioactivity
electrical charge and size
color and size
Based on these banding patterns, Which lane represents the person who committed the crime if the DNA collected at the crime scene is lane D?
A
B
C
None of these
What is the total number of students who participated in this data collection?
15
20
25
30
State one conclusion that can be drawn about heart rates from the data.
Most students have a resting pulse rate above 90 beats per minute.
The majority of students have a resting pulse rate between 71-80 beats per minute.
Few students have a resting pulse rate below 51 beats per minute.
All students have the same resting pulse rate.
Explain why the liquid level on the left side changed over the 20-minute period.
Due to osmosis, water moved from the right side to the left side.
The starch molecules moved to the right side, causing a level change.
Evaporation caused the liquid level to drop on the left side.
The artificial membrane absorbed the liquid, reducing the level.
If a 1% salt solution were substituted for the starch solution in this setup, the results would be
different, because all of the molecules would move to the right side of the tube
similar, because the salt would block the movement of molecules across the membrane
the same, because the movement of molecules in a tube always goes from right to left
similar, because water molecules will still move across the membrane in a similar manner
Based on the results from the Beaks of Finches lab, what is the average number of seeds collected over the four trials?
12
13
11
14
If a student needs an average of at least 13 seeds to proceed to the next round, will they advance based on the given data?
Yes, because the average is 13
No, because the average is 12
Yes, because the average is 14
No, because the average is 11
Which factor is most likely responsible for the decline in a native fish population after the introduction of a nonnative species?
The nonnative species is more susceptible to local diseases.
The native species is protected from all predators.
The native species has a higher reproductive rate.
The nonnative species competes for the same food resources.
What is one possible consequence of introducing a new plant species into an established ecosystem?
Stabilization of the ecosystem's climate
Increased biodiversity with no negative effects
Disruption of existing food webs and competition with native plants
Immediate extinction of all animal species
