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Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review

Total questions: 66

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

ANATOMY is the study of:

a)

the position of body parts

b)

the function of body parts

c)

the structure of body parts

d)

the creation of body parts

2.

PHYSIOLOGY is the study of:

a)

the function of body parts

b)

the structure of body

c)

the position of body parts

d)

the creation of body parts

3.

Cells that perform similar functions form:

a)

cavities

b)

tissues

c)

appendices

d)

membranes

4.

Which body system is responsible for maintaining water balance and excretion of wastes?

a)

digestive

b)

nervous

c)

endocrine

d)

urinary

5.

Which body system is responsible for gas exchange?

a)

respiratory

b)

excretory

c)

endocrine

d)

lymphatic

6.

The pericardial cavity is the area that surrounds the:

a)

lungs

b)

heart

c)

muscles

d)

brain

7.

The body cavity that houses your lungs, esophagus, and heart is the:

a)

abdominal cavity

b)

pleural cavity

c)

diaphragm cavity

d)

thoracic cavity

8.

The body's tendency to maintain a balanced, stable environment is called:

a)

homeostasis

b)

static constancy

c)

biofeedback

d)

hormonal balance

9.

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the:

a)

heart

b)

mesentery

c)

pleural membrane

d)

diaphragm

10.

Which letter on the drawing represents a CORONAL SLICE? Choose A, B, or C

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

11.

The appendicular portion of the body refers to the:

a)

head and spine

b)

arms and legs

c)

gut region

d)

lobes of the brain

12.

A cut that only goes through the layer of skin, would be called:

a)

lateral

b)

deep

c)

superficial

d)

superior

13.

If an organ is said to be “superior” to another organ, that generally means that it is:

a)

parallel to it

b)

below it

c)

above it

d)

more complex

14.

The word "lateral" means:

a)

to the side

b)

down the midline

c)

thinner

15.

Which cell organelle is responsible for transporting substances?

a)

ribosomes

b)

endoplasmic reticulum

c)

nucleolus

d)

golgi apparatus

16.

Which cell organelle is often found attached to the ER and makes proteins?

a)

lysosomes

b)

golgi apparatus

c)

ribosomes

d)

nucleolus

17.

This organelle secretes enzymes that can help break down food substances or foreign particles:

a)

endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosomes

c)

nucleus

d)

lysosomes

18.

The movement of WATER molecules across a membrane is called:

a)

mitosis

b)

endocytosis

c)

osmosis

d)

active transport

19.

This term refers to the “taking in” of solid particles by a cell and involves the surrounding of the particle by the cell membrane:

a)

diffusion

b)

endocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

neurotransmission

20.

The purpose of the spindle fibers during mitosis is:

a)

to copy the DNA

b)

to dissolve the cell membrane

c)

to make protein

d)

to move the chromosomes

21.

If a blood cell is placed into a salt solution, the cell will:

a)

swell

b)

shrink

22.

When a cell divides uncontrollably, what condition develops?

a)

AIDS

b)

osteoporosis

c)

cancer

d)

arthritis

23.

Small molecules such as oxygen enter the cell through what process?

a)

excitation

b)

phagocytosis

c)

permeation

d)

diffusion

24.

The image shows a cell in:

a)

metaphase

b)

interphase

c)

telophase

d)

anaphase

e)

prophase

25.

The arrow (X) is pointing to a:

a)

centriole

b)

centromere

c)

nuclear membrane

d)

flagella

e)

spindle

26.

This arrow (Y) is pointing to a:

a)

centriole

b)

centromere

c)

nuclear membrane

d)

flagella

e)

spindle

27.

43. Proteins are “refined and packaged for delivery” to other areas of the cell by the:

a)

golgi apparatus

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

lysosomes

28.

These “packages” are exported out of the cell as:

a)

ventricles

b)

vesicles

c)

tubules

d)

ribosomes

29.

The matrix of this type of tissue contains collagen and elastic fibers:

a)

epithelial

b)

nervous

c)

connective

d)

muscle

30.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a condition caused by a defect in which type of tissue?

a)

connective

b)

cardiac

c)

liver

d)

cuboidal

31.

ATP is obtained from chemical energy released by processes occurring in the:

a)

golgi apparatus

b)

lysosomes

c)

nucleolus

d)

mitochondria

32.

Simple squamous, cuboidal, and transitional all refer to different types of this type of tissue:

a)

epithelial

b)

nervous

c)

connective

d)

muscle

33.

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of:

a)

connective tissue

b)

muscle tissue

c)

adipose tissue

d)

nervous tissue

34.

Simple squamous cells are found in the lungs. These cells are specialized for what function?

a)

secretion

b)

absorption

c)

protection

d)

diffusion

35.

The end of a long bone in your skeleton is called the:

a)

diaphysis

b)

epiphysis

c)

endosteum

d)

medullary condyle

36.

The large hole in the bottom of the skull is called the:

a)

mandibular foramen

b)

orbital foramen

c)

foramen magnum

d)

vertebral foramen

37.

The clavicles and the scapulas make up the:

a)

pectoral girdle

b)

thoracic cage

c)

pelvic girdle

d)

cranium

38.

Red bone marrow is found within the:

a)

spongy bone

b)

endosteum

c)

medulla

d)

canaliculi

39.

The wrist bones are collectively called:

a)

tarsals

b)

metatarsals

c)

carpals

d)

phalanges

40.

Which cartilage covers and cushions the end of bones?

a)

articular

b)

axial

c)

lumbar

d)

medullary

41.

The shaft of a long bone is called the:

a)

epiphysis

b)

endosteum

c)

diaphysis

d)

periosteum

42.

What type of joint is found in your shoulder (where the humerus connects to the scapula)?

a)

saddle

b)

hinge

c)

pivot

d)

ball and socket

43.

What type of joint is found at your knee?

a)

hinge

b)

ball and socket

c)

pivot

d)

saddle

44.

Bone cells are called:

a)

canaliculi

b)

osteocytes

c)

chondrocytes

d)

phalanges

45.

Coxal bones make up the:

a)

rib cage

b)

ankle

c)

skull

d)

pelvis

46.

Fingers and toes are collectively called:

a)

coxal bones

b)

carpals

c)

phalanges

d)

fontanels

47.

In addition to support and movement, the skeletal system also:

a)

helps to digest food

b)

functions in blood cell formation

c)

secretes hormones

d)

protects the body against cancer

48.

The bones of the neck are called:

a)

cervical vertebrae

b)

lumbar vertebrae

c)

thoracic vertebrae

49.

What bone is found at the lower end of the vertebral column?

a)

scapula

b)

hyoid bone

c)

coxal bone

d)

sacrum

50.

These skull bones are located at the top of the skull and is separated by the sagittal suture:

a)

temporal

b)

occipital

c)

parietal

d)

frontal

51.

The sliding filament theory explains how:

a)

muscles obtain energy

b)

muscles grow

c)

muscles contract

52.

Myofibrils are composed primarily of:

a)

ATP & ADP

b)

troponin

c)

actin & myosin

d)

calcium

53.

Which of the following is a symptom of muscular dystrophy?

a)

muscle weakness

b)

muscle twitching

c)

pain in joints

d)

tendon detachment

54.

Smooth muscle is found in the:

a)

hands and feet

b)

surrounding the heart and lungs

c)

wall of the stomach and intestine

d)

attached to most bones

55.

In myasthenia gravis, the area labeled “e” is damaged. This causes what problem?

a)

muscle does not receive signal to contract

b)

muscle is overstimulated, causing muscle cramps

c)

muscle does not have enough energy to contract

56.

What is the function of myelin?

a)

removes debris

b)

supplies blood

c)

insulates the axon

d)

sends impulses

57.

The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord is the:

a)

medulla oblongata

b)

cerebellum

c)

thalamus

d)

cerebrum

58.

What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?

a)

arachnoid mater

b)

brain stem

c)

corpus callosum

59.

The largest portion of the human brain which functions in reasoning and learning is the:

a)

cerebellum

b)

cerebrum

c)

brain stem

d)

meninges

60.

Support cells of the neurons are collectively called:

a)

meninges

b)

neuroglia

c)

synapses

d)

collagen

61.

This area of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination:

a)

hypothalamus

b)

hippocampus

c)

cerebellum

d)

frontal lobe

62.

This lobe of the brain (as well as this bone of the skull) lies at the area just above your ear:

a)

occipital

b)

frontal

c)

parietal

d)

temporal

63.

A nerve impulse travels down the axon of one neuron and then jumps across to the ___ of another.

a)

axon

b)

dendrite

c)

chromatophilic substance

d)

astrocyte

64.

These cells within the nervous system produce myelin sheaths:

a)

oligodendrocytes

b)

microglial cells

c)

astrocytes

d)

dendrites

65.

This division of the nervous system controls the “fight or flight” response:

a)

parasympathetic

b)

sympathetic

c)

limbic

d)

hippocampus

66.
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts is...
a)
anatomy
b)
physiology
c)
Both anatomy and physiology