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Structure and Function of Earth Systems

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Fill in the blank: A Topographic Map shows _______ of an area.

a)

elevation

b)

temperature

c)

population

d)

vegetation

2.

What do satellite images help us see?

a)

Changes in landforms from far above Earth

b)

The weather on Earth

c)

The color of the ocean

d)

The temperature of the land

3.

Fill in the blank: Constructive forces are responsible for ________ landforms.

a)

building up

b)

breaking down

c)

eroding

d)

flattening

4.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a landform created by constructive forces?

a)

Mountains

b)

Islands

c)

Deltas

d)

Weathering

5.

Destructive forces are responsible for ________ landforms.

a)

breaking down

b)

building up

c)

preserving

d)

expanding

6.

Which of the following is an example of a destructive force?

a)

Sand dunes

b)

Weathering

c)

Islands

d)

Deltas

7.

What is weathering? Fill in the blank: Weathering is the ________ of material into smaller pieces.

a)

breaking down

b)

heating up

c)

melting

d)

coloring

8.

Which of the following are forces that cause weathering?

a)

Gravity, wind, water, chemicals

b)

Light, sound, heat, electricity

c)

Plants, animals, sunlight, temperature

d)

None of the above

9.

What is erosion? Fill in the blank: Erosion is when the weathered products are ________ to a new location.

a)

transported or moved

b)

broken down

c)

heated

d)

dissolved

10.

Fill in the blank: ___% of water on Earth is saline.

a)

97%

b)

50%

c)

10%

d)

75%

11.

Fill in the blank: ___% of water on Earth can be used for human consumption.

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

12.

Fill in the blank: ___% of water on Earth is in polar ice caps & glaciers.

a)

2%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

0.5%

13.

Which water source is formed by tectonic movements, glaciation, and erosion or sediment deposition? The chemical components of this water source, like salinity and nutrient concentrations, depend on their watersheds.

a)

Lakes

b)

Rivers

c)

Oceans

d)

Groundwater

14.

Which water source seeps through pores in soils and rocks and accumulates in aquifers? Contamination and overuse are large problems related to this water source.

a)

Groundwater

b)

Surface water

c)

Rainwater

d)

Desalinated water

15.

Which water source deposits sediment and minerals into oceans and lakes, sometimes creating agriculturally rich alluvial plains in the process? This water source is also used for transportation as well as hydroelectric energy.

a)

Rivers

b)

Oceans

c)

Glaciers

d)

Groundwater

16.

Which water source is the largest source of water on earth, is critical in affecting climates, and provides food, minerals, and routes of transportation for the nations of the world?

a)

Oceans

b)

Lakes

c)

Rivers

d)

Glaciers

17.

What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen?

a)

78%

b)

21%

c)

50%

d)

10%

18.

What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of Oxygen?

a)

21%

b)

78%

c)

10%

d)

0.03%

19.

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Argon

20.

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Methane

c)

Oxygen

d)

Helium

21.

Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is associated with weather?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

22.

Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

a)

Stratosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

23.

In which layer of the Earth's atmosphere do meteors burn up?

a)

Mesosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Stratosphere

d)

Thermosphere

24.

What is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere?

a)

Exosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Stratosphere

d)

Mesosphere

25.

Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is located between the Mesosphere and Exosphere?

a)

Thermosphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Troposphere

d)

Ionosphere

26.

What is the Biosphere? Fill in the blank: The Biosphere consists of ________.

a)

living things

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

water bodies only

d)

atmospheric gases

27.

What is the Cryosphere? Fill in the blank: The Cryosphere consists of ________, which is solid H2O.

a)

ice

b)

sand

c)

oxygen

d)

carbon

28.

What is the Hydrosphere? Fill in the blank: The Hydrosphere consists of ________ water (H2O).

a)

liquid

b)

solid

c)

gaseous

d)

frozen

29.

What is the Atmosphere? The Atmosphere consists of ________.

a)

gas

b)

liquid

c)

metal

d)

rock

30.

What is the Geosphere? Fill in the blank: The Geosphere consists of ________/earth.

a)

land

b)

water

c)

air

d)

plants

31.

What is the transfer of heat from movement of fluids or gases called?

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

32.

What is the transfer of heat from one surface to another through direct contact called?

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

33.

What is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic rays called?

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

34.

Fill in the blank: In convection, hot air ______ and cold air falls.

a)

rises

b)

sinks

c)

freezes

d)

evaporates

35.

Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by touching a burner?

a)

Conduction

b)

Radiation

c)

Evaporation

d)

Convection

36.

Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by the Sun heating the earth?

a)

Radiation

b)

Conduction

c)

Convection

d)

Insulation

37.

What was the name of the huge landmass that originally connected all continents?

a)

Gondwana

b)

Laurasia

c)

Pangaea

d)

Eurasia

38.

Scientists have found fossils of dinosaurs and plants on which coasts?

a)

Northern and southern

b)

Eastern and western

c)

Central and southern

d)

Western and northern

39.

Fill in the blank: Originally, continents were connected as a huge landmass called ________.

a)

Pangaea

b)

Atlantis

c)

Laurasia

d)

Gondwana

40.

According to the diagram, which type of evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

a)

Fossil evidence

b)

Volcanic eruptions

c)

Ocean currents

d)

Mountain ranges

41.

What does the shifting and moving of plates affect?

a)

A) Earth's surface and appearance

b)

B) The moon's orbit

c)

C) The sun's temperature

d)

D) Ocean tides

42.

Plate boundaries are where the ______ of the plates meet.

a)

edges

b)

centers

c)

surfaces

d)

cores

43.

Which of the following best describes what happens at plate boundaries?

a)

Plates move across, collide, overlap, or move past each other

b)

Plates stay still

c)

Plates melt

d)

Plates disappear

44.

Which type of plate boundary is described as 'Collide together'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

45.

Which type of plate boundary is associated with 'Mountains, Volcanos, earthquakes'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

46.

Which type of plate boundary is described as 'Move apart'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

47.

Which type of plate boundary is associated with 'Mid-Ocean Ridges, valleys'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

48.

Which type of plate boundary is described as 'Slide past each other'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

49.

Which type of plate boundary is associated with 'Faults, earthquakes'?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

50.

Fill in the blank: Geological Time is a time scale organized according to when certain ________ lived on Earth.

a)

organisms

b)

continents

c)

mountains

d)

oceans

51.

Based on the appearance or disappearance of life-forms, what is used to define geological time?

a)

The appearance or disappearance of life-forms is used to define geological time.

b)

The movement of tectonic plates is used to define geological time.

c)

The amount of rainfall is used to define geological time.

d)

The color of rocks is used to define geological time.

52.

All fossils are considered sedimentary rock.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

What type of rock consists of particles of other rocks that have been broken down by weathering, transported by erosion, deposited, and cemented together?

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

d)

Magma

54.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sedimentary rock?

a)

A) Limestone

b)

B) Fossils

c)

C) Sandstone

d)

D) Marble

55.

Metamorphic Rock forms from sediments through extreme pressure and temperature.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

Sandstone can change into _______ through the process of metamorphism.

a)

quartz

b)

marble

c)

granite

d)

basalt

57.

Limestone can change into _______ through the process of metamorphism.

a)

marble

b)

granite

c)

sandstone

d)

slate

58.

Igneous Rock is formed when molten material, called ______, cools and hardens.

a)

magma

b)

lava

c)

sediment

d)

clay

59.

Which process leads to the formation of sedimentary rock from other rocks?

a)

Melting

b)

Erosion, Transport, Deposition/Diagenesis

c)

Crystallization

d)

Pressure and Temperature

60.

What is the process called when water changes from a liquid to a vapor through heating?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Sublimation

61.

What is the process called when a plant releases water vapor into the air?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Respiration

d)

Condensation

62.

What is the process called when gas changes into a liquid through cooling?

a)

Condensation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Sublimation

d)

Melting

63.

What is the process called when water droplets in the clouds get large and heavy and fall from the sky?

a)

Precipitation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Condensation

d)

Transpiration

64.

According to the passage, water cycles among its three states over Earth's surface and within Earth's upper crust. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a part of Earth's upper crust?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Cryosphere

65.

Water is a major component of Earth's ________, and many weather events and climate are characterized by the presence or absence of measurable water.

a)

atmosphere

b)

core

c)

crust

d)

mantle

66.

Which of the following is NOT a form of measurable water mentioned in the passage?

a)

Rain

b)

Snow

c)

Humidity

d)

Ice

67.

What process is responsible for water vapor rising from plants into the atmosphere?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Transpiration

c)

Condensation

d)

Precipitation

68.

What is the process called when water moves from the surface into the ground?

a)

Infiltration into Groundwater

b)

Evaporation

c)

Condensation

d)

Transpiration

69.

Our atmosphere is made up of ___% Nitrogen.

a)

78%

b)

21%

c)

50%

d)

10%

70.

What element makes up 78% of our atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Hydrogen

71.

We need nitrogen for our DNA and proteins, but we cannot breathe it in like Oxygen. Therefore, how do we absorb nitrogen?

a)

We absorb it in our food.

b)

We absorb it through our skin.

c)

We absorb it by breathing it in.

d)

We absorb it from sunlight.

72.

Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into a form usable by plants?

a)

Denitrification

b)

Nitrogen Fixation

c)

Assimilation

d)

Nitrification

73.

What is the sequence of the nitrogen cycle as described in the image? Fill in the blanks: Atmosphere → ____ → animals (repeats)

a)

soil

b)

water

c)

sunlight

d)

clouds

74.

How does nitrogen get into the soil according to the image?

a)

Precipitation

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Evaporation

d)

Transpiration

75.

What role do bacteria at the roots of plants play in the nitrogen cycle?

a)

Bacteria help process nitrogen in the soil, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, and denitrifying.

b)

Bacteria absorb sunlight to produce food for the plant.

c)

Bacteria provide water directly to the plant roots.

d)

Bacteria release oxygen into the soil for plant use.

76.

What is Nitrogen fixation?

a)

Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen combines with hydrogen to make ammonia (lightning can also do this process).

b)

Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen is converted into oxygen by plants.

c)

Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen is broken down into carbon dioxide in the soil.

d)

Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen is absorbed directly by animals from the air.

77.

What is Assimilation in the nitrogen cycle?

a)

Assimilation is when ammonia goes through chemical changes until plants can absorb the nitrogen.

b)

Assimilation is the process where nitrogen gas is converted directly into ammonia by bacteria.

c)

Assimilation is the release of nitrogen from dead organisms back into the atmosphere.

d)

Assimilation is the process of nitrogen being fixed by lightning.

78.

What does Denitrifying mean in the nitrogen cycle?

a)

Denitrifying is when bacteria release nitrogen into the atmosphere.

b)

Denitrifying is when plants absorb nitrogen from the soil.

c)

Denitrifying is when animals convert nitrogen into proteins.

d)

Denitrifying is when nitrogen is fixed by lightning.

79.

Humidity is a measure with a ________ of the amount of moisture in the air.

a)

hygrometer

b)

thermometer

c)

barometer

d)

anemometer

80.

Relative humidity is a measure of the actual amount of moisture in the air compared to how much moisture the air could hold based on its ________.

a)

temperature

b)

pressure

c)

altitude

d)

wind speed

81.

Warm air is able to hold more moisture than cold air.

a)

True

b)

False

82.

Wind speed is measured with an ________.

a)

anemometer

b)

barometer

c)

thermometer

d)

hygrometer

83.

Air pressure is measured in "bars" with a ________.

a)

barometer

b)

thermometer

c)

anemometer

d)

hygrometer

84.

High-pressure air is air that is ________.

a)

compressed

b)

heated

c)

filtered

d)

humidified

85.

Low-pressure air is ________ (less compressed).

a)

expanded

b)

condensed

c)

heated

d)

solidified

86.

Changes in pressure, temperature, wind speed, and humidity indicate an impending change in the weather.

a)

True

b)

False

87.

What happens to air molecules and air pressure as temperature rises?

a)

A) Air molecules move less and exert less pressure - low pressure.

b)

B) Air molecules move more rapidly and exert an increase in pressure - high pressure.

c)

C) Air molecules stop moving.

d)

D) Air molecules move at the same speed regardless of temperature.

88.

What happens to air molecules and air pressure as temperature drops?

a)

Air molecules move more rapidly and exert an increase in pressure - high pressure.

b)

Air molecules move less and exert less pressure - low pressure.

c)

Air molecules stop moving.

d)

Air molecules move at the same speed regardless of temperature.

89.

Fill in the blank: As temperature rises, air molecules move more rapidly and exert an ________ pressure - high pressure.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

constant

d)

zero

90.

Fill in the blank: As temperature drops, air molecules move less and exert ________ pressure - low pressure.

a)

less

b)

more

c)

equal

d)

constant

91.

Fill in the blank: Weather is happening _____

a)

NOW

b)

YESTERDAY

c)

TOMORROW

d)

LATER

92.

Fill in the blank: Climate is the _____ of the daily changes of weather over a long period of time in a particular area.

a)

average

b)

summary

c)

result

d)

opposite

93.

Which of the following is an example of weather?

a)

Today it is rainy

b)

Summer in Houston is hot.

c)

Winter in Alaska is cold.

d)

The desert is dry all year round.

94.

Which of the following is an example of climate?

a)

Today it is rainy

b)

Summer in Houston is hot.

c)

It is snowing right now

d)

It is windy this afternoon.

95.

What is the purpose of weather charts?

a)

To predict what the weather will be like in the future and document weather trends or changes over time

b)

To show only the current temperature

c)

To display advertisements

d)

To measure earthquakes