WorksheetsFinal Review 8R 2025
Total questions: 130
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
Which process primarily transfers heat by moving air as shown in this diagram?
conduction
convection
radiation
transpiration
What happens to warm air?
it sinks because it is less dense
it rises because it is less dense
it sinks because it is more dense
it rises because it is more dense
What happens to cold air?
it sinks because it is less dense
it rises because it is less dense
it sinks because it is more dense
it rises because it is more dense
Convection currents like those shown in the diagram are what is responsible for the movement of Earth's plates. Which layer of Earth do you find these currents?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
Which layer of Earth is most dense?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
Which layer of Earth is least dense?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
Which layer of Earth is hottest?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
Which layer of Earth has the most pressure?
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
An air mass classified as cP usually forms over which type of Earth surface?
cool water
cool land
warm water
warm land
An air mass classified as mT usually forms over which type of Earth surface?
cool water
cool land
warm water
warm land
What does this graph show?
As air altitude increases, air pressure increases
As altitude increases air pressure stays the same
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases
The relationship between air pressure and altitude is cyclical
Which table correctly classifies each rock type?
1 | sedimentary 2 | metamorphic 3 | igneous
1 | sedimentary 2 | igneous 3 | metamorphic
1 | metamorphic 2 | igneous 3 | sedimentary
1 | igneous 2 | metamorphic 3 | sedimentary
What is the time in Boston when it is 11 a.m. in San Diego?
8 a.m.
2 p.m.
3 p.m.
noon
The photograph below shows the Milky Way Galaxy. Why aren't we able to see the spiral shape?
because the Earth is on a tilted axis
because the stars are too small and dim
because there are additional stars outside the galaxies
because the Earth is part of the Milky Way
What does the map in the document show?
The average temperature in New York State
The average yearly precipitation in New York State
The population density in New York State
The elevation levels in New York State
Which tectonic plate boundary is most likely to produce metamorphic rock?
Divergent Plate Boundary
Convergent Plate Boundary
Transform Plate Boundary
None of the above
Which tectonic plate boundary is most likely to produce igneous rock?
Divergent Plate Boundary
Convergent Plate Boundary
Transform Plate Boundary
None of the above
What process is involved in the formation of sedimentary rock from sediment?
weathering and erosion
melting and solidification of magma
compaction and cementation
extreme heat and pressure
Which statement identifies the evidence for how the past and current movements of oceanic crust explain the ages of this ocean floor rock?
Oceanic crust at the mid-ocean ridge is the youngest and it gets older as you get farther from the ridge
Ocean crust at the mid-ocean ridge in block diagram A is now the oldest and gets younger as you get farther from the ridge
The age of the crust at the mid-ocean ridge stays the same as the distance from the ridge increases
What type of plate boundary is shown here where the plates are moving apart?
divergent
convergent
transform
subduction
For which object is the lighted surface shown incorrectly?
Moon
Mercury
Venus
Earth
If it is 9 a.m. in the Eastern Time Zone, what time is it in the Pacific Time Zone?
3 a.m.
6 a.m.
6 p.m.
9 p.m.
Based on evidence from the map, which statement identifies the pattern of the ages of crustal rocks in North America?
The oldest rocks in North America are found along the Gulf of Mexico, and the youngest rocks are found along the Hudson Bay.
The central region of the continent contains the oldest rocks, while the youngest rocks are found along the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts.
The oldest rocks are found in the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains.
Rocks of the same age are found along the entire coastline of North America.
On which date in September 2025 is the moon completely visible?
September 1
September 7
September 14
September 21
On which date would a LUNAR eclipse most likely occur?
September 1
September 7
September 14
September 21
On which date would the next new moon most likely occur?
October 1
October 7
October 14
October 21
The student was able to record the temperature of both the washer and the water over a period of 90 seconds. They recorded their temperature data in the graph below, but forgot to label the materials. Select the bar graph that correctly shows the temperatures that represent each material in Table 1.
Graph A
Graph B
Graph C
Graph D
Which materials should be used for the handle of the pan so the chef doesn't get burned?
Iron
Copper
Aluminum
Stainless steel
Which materials should be used for the bottom of the pan so it cooks evenly?
Iron
Copper
Aluminum
Stainless steel
The diagram shows models of liquid and frozen water to illustrate how phase affects water molecule arrangement. How would the model look different if the water evaporated in the air?
the particles would look the same as the liquid water model
the particles would look the same as the frozen water model
the particles would be spread out compared to the liquid water model
the particles would be closer together compared to the frozen water model
The volume of water increases when water freezes because
water molecules have a low density.
the components of a water molecule increase in mass.
the arrangement of the molecules in the water changes.
water molecules are composed of atoms from different elements.
Which process of change is best represented by the sequence shown in the diagram?
weathering
deposition
metamorphism
condensation
Which statement about the diagram is NOT true?
Location X is experiencing sunset.
The Sun appears to rise in the East.
Earth rotates on its axis.
Location Y is experiencing nighttime.
Which motion is shown by the arrow?
Earth's clockwise rotation
Earth's clockwise revolution
Earth's counterclockwise rotation
Earth's counterclockwise revolution
Which statement does this diagram support?
we see different constellations at different times of the year
The sun always hits the equator directly
Earth rotates on its axis causing day and night
The Earth revolves around the sun in a year
What percentage of the Earth is always lit by the sun?
15
23.5
24
50
This model is used to represent a certain day of the year on Earth. Which day would this best model?
December 21
March 21
June 21
September 22
According to the model show, what happens to the number of daylight hours as you move from the south pole to the north pole?
it increases
it decreases
it increases then decreases
all areas have the same number of daylight hours
Which of the following locations will experience the least variation in daylight hours (have almost the same temperature all year)?
A
C
D
Equator
What type of weather would you be most likely to find near a high pressure system?
rainy and warm
wind and hail
sunny and cooler temperatures
hazy, hot and humid
Which is the most likely air pressure for a HOT and HUMID day? (hint: happy, high, cool & dry)
1028 mb
1015 mb
10008 mb
996 mb
As air temperature increases, what happens to air pressure?
increases
decreases
increases, then decreases
remains the same
As air temperature decreases, what happens to air pressure?
increases
decreases
increases, then decreases
remains the same
Which of the following PRESSURE differences will cause the strongest winds between city A and city B?
City A: 1003.0
City B: 1003.5
City A: 1010.0
City B: 980.0
City A: 978.0
City B: 999.0
City A: 1000.0
City B: 1000.0
Which of the following PRESSURE differences will cause calm wind conditions between city A and city B?
City A: 1003.0
City B: 1003.5
City A: 1010.0
City B: 980.0
City A: 978.0
City B: 999.0
City A: 1000.0
City B: 1000.0
A student makes a model as to why we see constellations in the sky. Which of the following is the ONLY accurate part of the model (the other two are errors)?
The constellations should not revolve around Earth
The sun should not be farther away than the constellations
The Earth rotates on its axis
Approximately how many hail reports were there at point A?
0
1
4
7
Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram?
The majority of severe hail storms occur on the coast.
The majority of severe hail storms occur in the central states of the US
All states get more than 2 hail storm reports on average per year.
Hail is more likely to occur along plate boundaries.
What type of relationship exists between height at the top of a thunderstorm cloud and the probability of hail forming?
direct
inverse
cyclical
no relationship
How could you protect yourself in a hail storm?
Get in a car and follow the storm
Seek shelter
Crawl into a ditch
Which of the following supports the idea that the continents were once joined and drifted apart?
Convection currents in the core
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases
The shapes of the continents match up
Warm air rises, expands, cools and condenses onto a condensation nuclei
Low Pressure System
High Pressure System
Which of the following concepts does this show?
the rock cycle
energy transfer
continental drift
greenhouse effect
What weather conditions are associated with low pressure?
sunny
clear skies
precipitation
fair weather
What causes winds?
a large difference in air pressure
low pressure systems
high pressure systems
no difference in air pressure
What type of plate boundary is shown in the diagram?
convergent
subduction
transform
divergent
Which way does heat move?
from cold to hot
from hot to cold
What happens as temperature increases?
kinetic energy increases and particles move farther apart
kinetic energy decreases and particles move farther apart
kinetic energy increases and particles move closer together
kinetic energy decreases and particles move closer together
The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called ____.
Panthalasa
Pangaea
Mesosaurus
Africa
Fossils of a now extinct dinosaur have been near the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. The dinosaur could not swim or fly. What does this suggest about the continents of South America and Africa?
The continents were once connected.
A land bridge once connected the continents.
The same type of animals evolved on both animals.
Prehistoric man transported the dinosaur between the continents.
Which does the arrow represent?
the moon's orbit
the rotation of Earth
the revolution of Earth
the tilt of Earth
Between which two positions s the winter season in the Northern hemisphere?
1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 4
4 and 1
What conclusions have most scientists reached when comparing temperatures and CO2 concentrations?
The warming earth is creating CO2 gas
Increasing levels of CO2 are increasing Earth's temperatures
There is no relationship between CO2 levels and temperature on Earth
Increasing CO2 levels are decreasing Earth's temperatures
Which type of material will absorb the most heat?
dark and rough
shiny and smooth
white and smooth
clear and transparent
What is the process by which water vapor changes into liquid water, commonly seen as clouds forming in the sky?
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Sublimation
You need to dissolve sugar quickly into some water. What temperature should you use?
15*C
100* C
0*C
75*C
Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer between A, B and C
A- Conduction, B-Convection, C-Ratiation
A- Convection, B- Radiation, C- Conduction
A- Convection, B- Conduction, C- Radiation
A- Conduction, B- Radiation, C- Convection
What is weathering?
the breaking down of a rock
the moving of a rock
the dropping of a rock
Which of the following energy transfers occurs through direct contact?
condensation
convection
conduction
radiation
Students make a model using a globe and a flashlight. Which answer choice best explains the change from daytime to nighttime on Earth?
The sun stops sending light to Earth at night.
Earth moves farther away from the sun at night.
The tilt of Earth causes less light to reach Earth at night.
Earth rotates and causes different parts of Earth to experience night.
The Mid-Atlantic ridge is a plate boundary that only passes through land in Iceland. What is likely to happen along the Mid-Atlantic ridge?
more condensation than evaporation
more volcanic eruptions
more weather fronts forming
Less greenhouse gasses emitted into the air
On a summer day, water particles from the ocean change phase as they move into the air when heated. What is the name of this phase change?
conduction
condensation
sublimation
evaporation
What is the name of the instrument used to measure temperature?
thermometer
barometer
isoline
psychrometer
What is the name of the instrument used to measure air pressure?
thermometer
barometer
isoline
psychrometer
What happens to air particles as you move from the Earth's surface to the thermosphere?
they do not change
they get closer together
they spread farther apart
they stop moving
What is a hypothesis?
A proven fact
A testable prediction
An untestable opinion
A random guess
Hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass then broke apart:
continental drift
seafloor spreading
plate tectonics
convection currents
Which two gases, when released into the atmosphere, are believed to contribute most to global warming?
nitrogen and oxygen
methane and carbon dioxide
nitrogen and methane
methane and oxygen
What happens to temperature as the depth inside the Earth increases?
it increases
it decreases
it stays the same
it increases and decreases in a cyclical pattern
Which statement is true?
Water takes longer than land to heat up and cool down.
Land takes longer than water to heat up and cool down.
Water and land heat up and cool down at the same rate.
Which of the following cup systems would keep a cup cold longest?
a cup that changes temperature by 10 degrees in 30 minutes
a cup that changes temperature by 5 degrees every 30 minutes
a cup that changes temperature by 10 degrees in 15 minutes
a cup that changes temperature by 30 degrees in 15 minutes
What type of front is currently passing over Dallas, TX? (a)
Mostly sunny and cool
Hot, but dry
Which of the following set of conditions would lead to a drought in a community?
An increase in temperatures, an increase in precipitation
An increase in precipitation, an increase in sea level
A decrease in temperatures, an increase in precipitation
An increase in temperature, a decrease in precipitation
Which of the following set of conditions would lead to a flood in a community?
An increase in temperatures
An increase in precipitation
A decrease in temperatures
A decrease in precipitation
The diagram represents a process occurring in Earth’s atmosphere in which heat energy is trapped in Earth’s atmosphere. What is the name of this process?
The water cycle
Carbon emissions
Deforestation
The greenhouse effect
Which of the following is a cause of an increase in global temperatures over time?
a decrease in the Earth's rate of rotation
an increase in carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere
The moon's gravitational pull on Earth
an decrease in carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere
Which two gases in Earth’s atmosphere will most significantly increase global temperatures?
Nitrogen & Oxygen
Ozone & Oxygen
Oxygen & Carbon
Methane and Carbon Dioxide
What is the biggest source of freshwater on Earth?
Surface Water
Lakes
Ground Ice & Permafrost
Glaciers
What is the most abundant greenhouse gas?
carbon dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide
other gases
Compared to the surrounding material, mantle plumes rise toward Earth’s surface from the core-mantle boundary because they are
cooler and less dense
cooler and more dense
hotter and more dense
hotter and less dense
What is the name of the heat transfer process that causes the movement of Earth's tectonic plates?
Weathering
Conduction
Convection
Metamorphism
What happens to the density and temperature of rock within Earth’s interior as depth increases?
density decreases and temperature decreases
density decreases and temperature increases
density increases and temperature decreases
density increases and temperature increases
Where can you find the coolest temperatures on Earth?
the inner core
the mantle
the oceans
Earth's surface
Which layer of the atmosphere is heated most because the heat is transferred from Earth's land surfaces?
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases. Which layer of the atmosphere will have the lowest air pressure?
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
Which of the following describes the relationship between the arrangement of air molecules in the troposphere compared to those in the thermosphere?
the air molecules are farther apart in the troposphere
the air molecules are closer together in the troposphere
the spacing of air molecules are the same in the troposphere and the thermosphere
there are no air molecules in the troposphere
The map below shows active volcanoes in the area surrounding the Pacific Ocean called the "Ring of Fire". What other geological event may occur in this same region?
a hurricane
a hailstorm
an earthquake
an eclipse
The map below shows active volcanoes in the area surrounding the Pacific Ocean called the "Ring of Fire". Why are there more active volcanoes and earthquakes in this area?
there is an abundance of weathering in the area
there are several major tectonic plate boundaries in the area
there is less seismic activity in the area
the ocean is deepest in the areas
Base your answer to questions on the diagram below, which represents a sedimentary rock composed of pebbles and sand. Which of the following processes is most responsible for the formation of the rock?
weathering
solidification of magma
cementation and compaction of sediments
intense heat and pressure
Students are investigating the factors that affect the strength of the gravitational force that one object exerts on another object. They compiled their data in the table below. which of the following statements is true?
gravity is strongest between two more massive objects that are close together
gravity is strongest between two less massive objects that are close together
gravity is strongest between two more massive objects that are far apart
gravity is strongest between two less massive objects that are far apart
The following graph shows precipitation and temperature information for an unnamed city. Which evidence from the graph indicates the city is located in the Northern hemisphere?
the most precipitation is in July and August
The warmest temperatures are in July and August
The most precipitation is in May
The coolest temperatures are March, July and August
A student observed the Sun throughout the day over the neighbor’s house. The change the student observed is caused by the
orbit of Earth around the Sun
reflection of the Sun off the Moon
orbit of the Sun through space
rotation of Earth on its axis
If the noontime sun is located in the southern sky, what direction would the shadow appear?
north
south
east
west
If the angle of the noontime sun increases in the sky, what will happen to the length of the observer's shadow?
it will remain the same
it will increase
it will decrease
If the angle of the noontime sun increases in the sky, what will happen to the length of the observer's shadow?
it will remain the same
it will increase
it will decrease
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves in between the sun and the moon casting a shadow on the moon so it cannot be seen at night. On which date
would a lunar eclipse most likely occur?
July 1
July 8
July 16
July 23
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves in between the sun and the Earth casting a shadow of the moon on Earth so the sun is blocked out during the day. On which date
would a solar eclipse most likely occur?
July 1
July 8
July 16
July 23
The moon phases are what we seen on Earth throughout the course of a month. Which factor determines the length of the moon cycle?
the tilt of the Earth
the Earth's rotation on its axis
the moon rotating on its axis
the moon's revolution around Earth
What is the primary cause of the change seasons on Earth?
The distance of Earth from the Sun
The tilt of Earth's axis as it revolves around the Sun
parallelism of the Sun's axis
The elliptical shape of Earth's orbit
Why do we get most of our light and heat energy from the Sun?
it is the largest star in the Universe
it is the hottest star in the Universe
it is the most dense star in the Universe
it is the closest star in the Universe
Groundwater is water that collects underground that humans use for much of their water supply. Which of the following would lead to an INCREASE in groundwater?
an increase in evaporation
a decrease in the amount of condensation
an increase in land use for buildings and cities
an increase in precipitation
What conclusions have most scientists reached when comparing temperatures and CO2 concentrations?
The warming earth is creating CO2 gas
Increasing levels of CO2 are increasing Earth's temperatures
There is no relationship between CO2 levels and temperature on Earth
Increasing CO2 levels are decreasing Earth's temperatures
What is the primary source of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Volcanic eruptions
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Increased animal agriculture
Which of the following conditions will cause the longest number of daylight hours for the location described?
Sunrise: 6:00 am
Sunset: 6:00 pm
Sunrise: 5:30 am
Sunset: 6:30 pm
Sunrise: 5:30 am
Sunset: 8:30 pm
Sunrise: 7:30 am
Sunset: 5:00 pm
What happens at a weather front?
weathering
climate change
precipitation
sunshine
On a warm sunny, summer day, three students go to the beach. Which student's towel would have the greatest change in temperature as the sun shines on it all day?
Paul's white towel
Alex's black towel
Jon's shiny silver towel
As the size of a water droplet in a cloud increases, what happens to the chance of precipitation?
there will not be any precipitation
the chances of precipitation will be the same
the chance of precipitation will increase
the chance of precipitation will decrease
Which of the following shows the correct names for each process in the water cycle?
A. precipitation
B. radiation
C. conduction
D. convection
A. condensation
B. transpiration
C. precipitation
D. evaporation
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. convection
D. runoff
A. precipitation
B. evaporation
C. condensation
D. transpiration
In the "Cool It" lab, you placed hot washers in a beaker of room temperature water. Which of the following statements best describes the kinetic energy of the particles of the washers and the water?
The kinetic energy of the water particles will decrease when the hot washer is placed in it
The kinetic energy of the metal washer particles will increase after being placed in the cup of room temperature water.
The kinetic energy of the metal washer particles will decrease after being placed in the beaker of room temperature water.
The kinetic energy of the metal washer particles will remain the same after being placed in the beaker of room temperature water.
Which type of front will most likely arrive in El Paso, Texas in the next 12 hours?
cold front from the north
cold front from the south
warm front from the north
warm front from the south
Which of the following countries are above the world average biocapacity per person in 2003?
USA
Egypt
China
Japan
Afghanistan
USA
USA
Russia
Japan
China
Thailand
Egypt
Which of the following countries are below the world average biocapacity per person in 2003?
USA
Egypt
China
Japan
Afghanistan
USA
USA
Russia
Japan
China
Thailand
Egypt
Which of the following is best supported by the graph?
In 2018 there were 2500 more reports of very large hail than large hail.
2016 had the largest number of large hail reports.
In 2018 there were 2500 more reports of very large hail than large hail.
The number of reports has generally decreased from 1990 to 2018
Which of the following explains the relationship between the age of the Hawaiian Islands and their distance from the hot plume (currently under Kilauea)?
As distance from the plume increases, the age of the islands increase
As distance from the plume increases, the age of the islands decreases
The islands are all the same age
there is no relationship between distance and age
The owners of a property want to perform an experiment to see if different types of plants could help reduce soil erosion. They choose three areas of ground that are the same size, the same distance from a river, have the same slope and the same kind of soil, and receive the same amount of sunlight. The type of plant planted in each area is different for each of the five areas. Which hypothesis is being tested in this experiment?
Some types of soil are more easily eroded.
Some types of plants reduce soil erosion more than others.
Flooded areas have greater soil erosion than areas that are not flooded.
Soil erosion is affected by the strength of the wind.
Which sample will weather SLOWER?
"A" because it has more surface area
"A" because it has less surface area
"B" because it has more surface area
"B" because it has less surface area
What is a major cause of climate change?
The use of alternative energy sources like wind and solar power
A dramatic increase in the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere
A decrease in human population
An increase in the intensity of sunlight in recent years
