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Worksheets

HESI a2

Total questions: 124

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

a)

Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion slows down

b)

Heart rate decreases, pupils constrict, digestion increases

c)

Heart rate increases, pupils constrict, digestion slows down

d)

Heart rate increases, pupils dilate, digestion increases

2.

Which of the following glands secrete earwax?

a)

Ceruminous

b)

Salivary

c)

Sebaceous

d)

Eccrine

3.

What is the function of endocrine glands?

a)

They secrete hormones directly into the blood.

b)

They secrete products directly into a duct that carries the products to where they are needed.

c)

They are a group of cells that respond to specific hormones.

d)

They transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body.

4.

The internal reproductive organs are located in which of the following anatomical regions?

a)

Pelvic

b)

Thoracic

c)

Brachial

d)

Femoral

5.

Where is the popliteal artery located?

a)

Below the jaw line between the trachea and sternomastoid muscle

b)

Behind the knee

c)

On the underside of the wrist

d)

Near the top of the cubital fossa

6.

Which of the following is defined as “a group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix that carry out a specific function together?”

a)

Tissues

b)

Organs

c)

Organ Systems

d)

Neuroglia

7.

What is erythropoiesis and where does it occur?

a)

The formation of red blood cells; Red bone marrow

b)

The formation of red blood cells; Heart

c)

The formation of bile; Liver

d)

The formation of white blood cells; Spleen

8.

Which of the following male reproductive organs is also a part of the urinary system?

a)

Ureter

b)

Urethra

c)

Vas deferens

d)

Epidiymis

9.

The shoulder is an example of which type of synovial joint?

a)

Saddle

b)

Hinge

c)

Ball-and-socket

d)

Pivot

10.

What is the purpose of gastric mucous?

a)

To prevent pathogens from being absorbed by the stomach lining and into the bloodstream.

b)

To protect the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.

c)

To help break down fibrous foods.

d)

To trap waste products to be turned into fecal matter.

11.

Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic respiration that can lead to muscular fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle pain, or a burning sensation in the muscles?

a)
  • Hydrochloric acid

b)

Folic acid

c)

Lactic acid

d)

Citric acid

12.

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower extremities?

a)

Femur

b)

Tibia

c)

Ulna

d)

Fibula

13.

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the transport of substances in and out of the cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

14.

A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?

a)

Muscle

b)

Fibrous joint

c)

Tendon

d)

Ligament

15.

Which of the following muscles is located towards the outer side of the leg?

a)

Vastus lateralis

b)

Rectus femoris

c)

Vastus medialis

d)

Gracilis

16.

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

a)

Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing anteriorly

b)

Standing upright, facing the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing posteriorly

c)

Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed outward, and the palms facing anteriorly.

d)

Standing upright, facing away from the observer, upper extremities at the body's sides, feet flat and directed forward, and the palms facing towards anteriorly.

17.

Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?

a)

The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles

b)

The ulna, radius, and carpals

c)

The manubrium and xyphoid process

d)

The malleus, incus, and stapes

18.

Which of the following organelles would you expect to find an abundance of in leukocytes?

a)

Golgi bodies

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Mitochondria

19.

Where does digestion begin in the alimentary canal?

a)

Small intestine

b)

Esophagus

c)

Stomach

d)

Oral Cavity

20.

Which of the following lists the correct pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

a)

Right ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium

b)

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body tissues, vena cava, right atrium

c)

Right ventricle, aorta, systemic circuit, vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium

d)

Left ventricle, vena cava, systemic circuit, aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium

21.

The carpals articulate with the distal ends of which two bones?

a)

Tarsals and metatarsals

b)

Metacarpals and phalanges

c)

Tibia and fibula

d)

Radius and ulna

22.

A patient with a lower than normal amount of thrombocytes could be at risk of ____________.

a)

unnecessary blood clotting

b)

extensive bleeding

c)

fatigue and shortness of breath

d)

inability to fight infection

23.

A patient who is on a plant-based diet complains that their skin is appearing to take on a yellowish color. Which of the following foods would you expect the patient to have eaten a large amount of?

a)

Cabbage

b)

Soda

c)

Shellfish

d)

Carrots

24.

What does the presence of antidiuretic hormone stimulate?

a)

The release of water into the bladder to be voided as urine

b)

Calcium reabsorption by the nephrons

c)

Water reabsorption from the urinary filtrate

d)

The increase of calcium levels in the blood

25.

Which of the following types of cancer would present warning signs that are identified using the ABCDE method?

a)

Basal cell carcinoma

b)

Leukemia

c)

Melanoma

d)

Squamous cell carcinoma

26.

Which of the following muscles pulls a body part away from the midline of the body?

a)

Abductors

b)

Extensors

c)

Flexors

d)

Adductors

27.

Which of the following options correctly lists the layers of the epidermis from the most superficial to the deepest layer?

a)

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum

b)

Stratum germinativum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

c)

Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum germinativum, stratum corneum

d)

Stratum germinativum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

28.

In which of the following reproductive structures does the fertilization of an ovum occur?

a)

Endometrium

b)

Fallopian tube

c)

Uterus

d)

Corpus luteum

29.

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

a)

Muscle tissue

b)

Nervous tissue

c)

Epithelial tissue

d)

Connective tissue

30.

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory system?

a)

Trachea

b)

Lungs

c)

Pharynx

d)

Bronchi

31.

The malleus, incus, and stapes are bones found in the _________.

a)

Leg

b)

Neck

c)

Ear

d)

Arm

32.

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest muscular wall?

a)

Left atrium

b)

Right ventricle

c)

Left ventricle

d)

Right atrium

33.

How does serotonin affect the body?

a)

It stimulates the uterine muscles to contract during childbirth and promotes lactation.

b)

It helps to regulate urine output and maintains osmolarity.

c)

It helps to regulate motivation, euphoria, and fine motor function.

d)

It helps to regulate mood, anxiety, sleep, memory, and appetite.

34.

Which organ is responsible for most of the nutrient absorption in the body?

a)

Gall bladder

b)

Stomach

c)

Large intestine

d)

Small intestine

35.

Which of the following is located in the thoracic cavity?

a)

The urinary and reproductive organs

b)

The mediastinum

c)

The small intestine

d)

The adrenal glands

36.

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

a)

The front of the upper extremities

b)

The front of the lower extremities

c)

The back of the lower extremities

d)

The back of the upper extremities

37.

Urine travels from the kidney to the urinary bladder through which structure?

a)

Collecting ducts

b)

Ureter

c)

Urethra

d)

Nephron

38.

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral valve?

a)

Lets blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium

b)

Lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

c)

Lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

d)

Lets blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

39.

A patient complains of decreased sensation in the distal part of their arm and an inability to adduct and abduct their fingers. Based on these symptoms, which nerve is most likely compromised?

a)

Femoral

b)

Olfactory

c)

Ulnar

d)

Tibial

40.

The elbow is what type of joint?

a)

Ball-and-socket

b)

Hinge

c)

Planar

d)

Pivot

41.

Which of the following best describes the primary function of hemoglobin?

a)

Engages in the process of phagocytosis

b)

Detects increases in carbon dioxide and decreases in oxygen in the blood

c)

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

d)

Carries oxygen to tissues and organs

42.

What is the function of the sebaceous glands?

a)

To secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film to lubricate the eye.

b)

To secrete earwax to protect the ear from bacteria and viruses.

c)

To secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

d)

To secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to regulate body temperature.

43.

Which of the following is a molecule carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction for all organisms?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

Nucleus

44.

Which type of connection do ligaments create?

a)

Muscle to organ

b)

Muscle to muscle

c)

Muscle to bone

d)

Bone to bone

45.

A patient complaining of pain in their sternum reveals that they were recently in a mild car accident. Which of the following structures may have been injured in the accident?

a)

Fontanelle

b)

Xiphoid process

c)

Vomer

d)

Vastus lateralis

46.

Which part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

a)

Temporal lobe

b)

Frontal lobe

c)

Parietal lobe

d)

Occipital lobe

47.

Which important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

a)

Calcium and iron

b)

Calcium and phosphorous

c)

Calcium and sodium

d)

Calcium and carbon

48.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

a)

Growth of pubic and axillary hair is induced by testosterone and estrogen.

b)

The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone.

c)

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are stored in and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

d)

The hypothalamus is commonly known as the "master gland."

49.

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?

a)

Sagittal

b)

Frontal

c)

Transverse

d)

Coronal

50.

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function?

a)

Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion

b)

Lysosomes/ ATP production

c)

Mitochondria/ Cell division

d)

Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

51.

T-lymphocytes are developed by which of the following glands?

a)

Lymph nodes

b)

Thyroid

c)

Thymus

d)

Hypothalamus

52.

What is secreted by the adrenal glands?

a)

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

b)

Cortisol and aldosterone

c)

Progesterone and estrogen

d)

Oxytocin only

53.

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body?

a)

Epithelial tissue

b)

Muscle tissue

c)

Nerve tissue

d)

Connective tissue

54.

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

a)

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

b)

It is a reductive catabolic activity

c)

It is an oxidative anabolic activity

d)

It is a reductive anabolic activity

55.

Which blood vessel returns blood from the lungs back to the heart?

a)

Superior vena cava

b)

Pulmonary artery

c)

Inferior vena cava

d)

Pulmonary vein

56.

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above?

a)

Golgi

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

lysosomes

57.

The pulse point located on the neck is palpated over which artery? 

a)

Carotid

b)

Median cubital

c)

Popliteal

d)

Femoral

58.

Which part of the eye allows us to see color?

a)

Pupil

b)

Iris

c)

Retina

d)

Aqueous humor

59.

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

60.

Which of the following describes the distal region of the humerus?

a)

The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna

b)

The epiphysis that articulates with the scapula

c)

The diaphysis of the humerus

d)

The proximal articulating cartilage

61.

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

a)

Keratin

b)

Stratum corneum

c)

Dermis

d)

Stratum germinativum

62.

Cerumen is secreted by apocrine glands located in which of the following structures?

a)

The cochlea

b)

The external auditory canal

c)

The eustachian tube

d)

The organ of corti

63.

Which of the following could result from a damaged olfactory nerve?

a)

Discomfort in the lumbar region

b)

Distorted vision

c)

Reduced sense of smell

d)

Loss of sensation in the arm

64.

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning?

a)

carpal/foot

b)

inguinal/neck

c)

cranial/skull

d)

cervical/wrist

65.

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities?

a)

Nerve tissue

b)

Epithelial tissue

c)

Muscle tissue

d)

Connective tissue

66.

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

c)

Golgi Apparatus

d)

Lysosomes

67.

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

a)

Organ System

b)

Organelle

c)

Organ

d)

Tissue

68.

What, in addition to adenosine triphosphate, must be present for a muscle to contract?

a)

Lactate

b)

Oxygen

c)

Calcium

d)

Sodium

69.

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function?

a)

Digestive/ waste elimination

b)

Circulatory/ obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy and normal body processes

c)

Excretory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body

d)

Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

70.

Which of the following causes bone matrix resorption in response to a decrease of calcium levels in the blood?

a)

Osteoblasts

b)

Osteocytes

c)

Osteoprogenitor

d)

Osteoclasts

71.

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right?

a)

Coronal

b)

Median

c)

Transverse

d)

Horizontal

72.

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?

a)

Absorption

b)

Condensation

c)

Evaporation

d)

Precipitation

73.

In what area of the body would you expect to find especially thick stratum corneum?

a)

In the ear canal

b)

On the scalp

c)

Back of the hand

d)

Heel of the foot

74.

A patient reveals to you that they were recently involved in a car accident that they believe resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones may have been injured in the accident, resulting in the deviated septum?

a)

Vomer

b)

Tibia

c)

Maxilla

d)

Manubrium

75.

A tissue sample studied under a microscope exhibits the following characteristics: an extracellular matrix providing rigidity to the tissue, and the presence of lacunae. Which type of tissue is this?

a)

Bone

b)

Nervous

c)

Epithelial

d)

Adipose

76.

Which of the following terms describes the process of forming new red blood cells?

a)

Erythropoiesis

b)

Hematopoiesis

c)

Thrombopoiesis

d)

Autopoiesis

77.

Which glands release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?

a)

Apocrine glands

b)

Eccrine glands

c)

Sebaceous glands

d)

Ceruminous glands

78.

Which of the following structures functions in directing sound waves into the ear?

a)

Eardrum

b)

External Auditory Canal

c)

Auricle

d)

Modiolus

79.

What is one of the functions of the hypothalamus?

a)

Regulating body temperature

b)

Regulating calcium levels in the blood

c)

Regulating blood sugar levels

d)

Regulating heart rate and blood pressure

80.

Listening to music stimulates which of the following organs?

a)

Semicircular canals

b)

Utricle

c)

Saccule

d)

Cochlea

81.

The hormone __________ assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium.

a)

luteinizing hormone

b)

oxytocin

c)

testosterone

d)

progesterone

82.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?

a)

Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Loop of Henle – Distal Convoluted Tubule – Collecting Duct – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis

b)

Collecting Duct – Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Loop of Henle – Distal Convoluted Tubule – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis

c)

Distal Convoluted Tubule – Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Loop of Henle – Collecting Duct – Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Renal Pelvis

d)

Minor Calyx – Major Calyx – Proximal Convoluted Tubule – Distal Convoluted Tubule – Loop of Henle – Collecting Duct – Renal Pelvis

83.

Which structure in the epidermis is responsible for cooling the body to maintain temperature homeostasis?

a)

Eccrine glands

b)

Sebaceous glands

c)

None of these

d)

Ceruminous glands

84.

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?

a)

Epithelial

b)

Nervous

c)

Muscle

d)

Connective

85.

The diaphragm is _________ to the lungs.

a)

Posterior

b)

Inferior

c)

Superior

d)

Anterior

86.

In which part of the body would you find aqueous humor?

a)

Throughout the lymphatic system

b)

Between the lens and cornea in the eye

c)

In the cavities of synovial joints

d)

Within the mediastinum

87.

The pharynx is a conduit for air and food. It is divided into three segments which contain lymphoid structures that play significant roles in protection and defense. Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?

a)

Nasopharynx

b)

Laryngopharynx

c)

Hypopharynx

d)

Oropharynx

88.

Which of the following salivary glands primarily contributes to the production and secretion of saliva?

a)

Sublingual glands

b)

Parotid glands

c)

Submandibular glands

d)

Lingual glands

89.

Which structure lies between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

a)

Sternum

b)

Mediastinum

c)

Lungs

d)

Diaphragm

90.

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

a)

Stratum germinativum

b)

Stratum lucidum

c)

Dermis

d)

Stratum corneum

91.

Which of the following about the hyoid bone is correct?

a)

It is one of the three bones that comprise the bones of the ear, called ossicles.

b)

It is located on the dorsal side of the body.

c)

It is formed via intramembranous ossification.

d)

It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone.

92.

If the femoral artery was cut, which of the following blood vessels would not receive blood as a result?

a)

Popliteal artery

b)

Brachial artery

c)

Iliac artery

d)

Thoracic artery

93.

Which of the following makes up the largest component of whole blood?

a)

Plasma

b)

White blood cells

c)

Red blood cells

d)

Platelets

94.

Which system coordinates and regulates processes within the body through the use of hormones?

a)

Muscular system

b)

Endocrine system

c)

Circulatory system

d)

Respiratory system

95.

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium?

a)

Vena Cava

b)

Coronary artery

c)

Brachial artery

d)

Aorta

96.

Which of the following features of veins results in the venous system operating at lower pressures than the arterial side?

a)

Veins have thicker, less compliant vessel walls than arteries.

b)

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries.

c)

Veins carry oxygen-deficient blood.

d)

Veins have valves.

97.

Which of the following gets absorbed directly into the blood?

a)

Vitamins

b)

Amino Acids

c)

Minerals

d)

Fats

98.

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called which of the following?

a)

Infundibulum

b)

Adenosine monophosphate

c)

Adenohypophysis

d)

Neurohypophysis

99.

The components found in blood that carry out blood clotting are:

a)

leukotrienes

b)

leukocytes

c)

neutrophils

d)

thrombocytes

100.

Which of the following is not a function of cortisol?

a)

Inhibits the release of histamine

b)

Release growth hormones

c)

Raises blood sugar levels

d)

Reduces inflammation

101.

Which muscle is located towards the front of the lower leg?

a)

Tibialis anterior

b)

Tibialis posterior

c)

Adductor longus

d)

Vastus lateralis

102.

The functions of the circulatory system include all of the following except:

a)

to remove carbon dioxide from the body.

b)

to distribute oxygen and nutrients to body tissues.

c)

to distribute hormones throughout the body.

d)

to deliver carbon dioxide to body tissues.

103.

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi is called ____________.

a)

Trachea

b)

Alveoli

c)

Pharynx

d)

Diaphragm

104.

Wrist bones are called which of the following?

a)

Carpals

b)

Metacarpals

c)

Humerus

d)

Phalanges

105.

What type of animal tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia?

a)

Connective

b)

Muscle

c)

Epithelial

d)

Nervous

106.

Skeletal muscle work in pairs. The muscle that executes the given movement is called which of the following?

a)

Voluntary muscle

b)

Prime mover

c)

Synergists

d)

Antagonists

107.

An irregular epiphysis at each end is present in which of the following?

a)

Compact bone

b)

A typical long bone

c)

A short bone

d)

Sesamoid bone

108.

The heart consists of four chambers, which include _________________.

a)

right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava

b)

right atrium, left atrium, aorta, and vena cava

c)

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

d)

right ventricle, right atrium, vena cava, and aorta

109.

The right atrium receives blood from the __________.

a)

left atrium

b)

right ventricle

c)

aorta

d)

vena cava

110.

Which of the following acts as a store for fats and aids in bone function?

a)

White blood cells

b)

Granulocyte

c)

Red bone marrow

d)

Yellow bone marrow

111.

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur in various parts of the renal tubules. In which segment is sodium mostly reabsorbed?

a)

Distal Convoluted Tubules

b)

Collecting Ducts

c)

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

d)

Loop of Henle

112.

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?

a)

Stratum germinativum

b)

Stratum corneum

c)

Stratum lucidum

d)

Stratum granulosum

113.

What type of cell division occurs in the gonads?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Binary fission

d)

Hemopeiosis

114.

If you were to cut the body through the median plane, what type of sectioning would occur?

a)

Proximal section

b)

Cross section

c)

Sagittal section

d)

Frontal section

115.

Which gland releases melatonin?

a)

Ovaries

b)

Pineal gland

c)

Pituitary glands

d)

Pancreas

116.

Which of the following hormones is primarily produced and secreted by the male reproductive system?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Testosterone

c)

Growth Hormone

d)

Prolactin

117.

The _______________ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ________________ artery.

a)

brachial; axillary

b)

brachial; carotid

c)

carotid; axillary

d)

axillary; brachial

118.

What connects skin to superficial muscles?

a)

Hypodermis

b)

Stratum germinativum

c)

Stratum corneum

d)

Epidermis

119.

Which of the following is the primary organ of the female reproductive system responsible for releasing mature eggs?

a)

Fallopian tubes

b)

Ovaries

c)

Endometrium

d)

Uterus

120.

Which of the following is a primary function of the male and/or female reproductive systems?

a)

To produce gametes

b)

To regulate the process of mitosis

c)

To transport blood and oxygen

d)

To protect against infections

121.

Which vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum?

a)

Sacral vertebrae

b)

Coccygeal vertebrae

c)

Cervical vertebrae

d)

Thoracic vertebrae

122.

The _________________ carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart, while the ________________ carry oxygen-depleted blood back towards the heart.

a)

arteries; veins

b)

capillaries; veins

c)

veins; arteries

d)

veins; arterioles

123.

Which exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?

a)

Eccrine

b)

Apocrine

c)

Sebaceous

d)

Ceruminous

124.

Which of the following muscles draw the limb away from the midline?

a)

Flexors

b)

Extensors

c)

Adductors

d)

Abductors

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