NEW
Font size
WorksheetsFRS - Research Basics
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 3600secs
What is the best definition of research as taught in Basic Research Skills?
Gathering data from books
Repeating previous experiments
Adding something new to existing knowledge
Memorizing facts
Which of the following is a characteristic of applied research?
Seeks to expand general knowledge
Is purely theoretical
Aims to solve practical problems
Does not involve data
The main goal of pure research is to:
Improve productivity
Develop commercial products
Increase theoretical knowledge
Apply findings to immediate problems
Which of the following is not a type of research based on methodology?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Applied
Mixed
What distinguishes qualitative research from quantitative research?
Uses large numerical data
Uses words and meanings
Involves experiments
Uses graphs
Mixed methods research includes:
Only qualitative techniques
Only quantitative techniques
Both qualitative and quantitative techniques
Neither qualitative nor quantitative techniques
Which research approach aims to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon?
Exploratory
Descriptive
Correlation
Experimental
Correlational research is best used when:
You want to prove causation
You need to collect qualitative data
You're analyzing relationships between variables
You need exploratory findings
Which approach tests cause-effect relationships?
Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental
Exploratory
Exploratory research is most appropriate when:
Variables are known and measurable
Little is known about the problem
Testing specific hypotheses
Predicting outcomes
Descriptive research usually includes:
Observations and surveys
Random sampling
Controlled experiments
Manipulation of variables
The main goal of explanatory research is to:
Explore unknown topics
Describe phenomena
Establish causal relationships
Provide statistical data
Which of the following is not a research approach?
Descriptive
Exploratory
Innovative
Explanatory
A study comparing student sleep hours and GPA is likely:
Descriptive
Exploratory
Correlational
Experimental
Experimental research requires:
Case studies
Observational techniques only
Manipulation of variables
No control over variables
Which of the following is typically part of quantitative research?
Interviews
Statistical analysis
Open-ended surveys
Observations
A researcher observing classroom behaviour is likely conducting:
Quantitative research
Mixed method
Experimental research
Qualitative research
Which type of research is most focused on practical outcomes?
Pure
Theoretical
Applied
Descriptive
What is the first step in the research process?
Data collection
Define research problem
Formulate hypothesis
Analyse data
Reviewing concepts, theories, and previous findings occurs in which step of the research process?
Research design
Hypothesis formulation
Literature review
Data analysis
What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis in the research process?
To finalize the report
To randomly collect data
To guide the direction of the study
To publish the findings
In the context of the research process, the term "feed forward" implies:
Reflecting on past findings
Moving backward in the process
Progressing step by step using previous input
Ignoring the literature review
The feedback process in research is in which direction?
Hypothesis to literature review
Data collection to hypothesis
Interpretation to problem definition
Reporting to problem definition
All steps in the research process are surrounded by which continuous element?
Sampling
Literature review
Hypothesis testing
Data interpretation
Which of the following is not a direct step in the research process?
Define the problem
Conduct interview
Interpret findings
Design research
What type of relationship exists between the steps in the research process (step 1 to 7)?
Random
Independent
Cyclical
Sequential and dependent
Reviewing previous research helps in:
Avoiding data analysis
Finalizing the report
Formulating hypothesis
Ignoring the environment
Which step ensures that the research findings are communicated to others?
Data analysis
Hypothesis formulation
Reporting
Sampling
Why is the literature review considered an “environment” around all research steps?
It limits the research topic
It occurs only in the beginning
It influences all stages of research
It is optional
Which of these is typically done during the data collection stage?
Writing bibliography
Creating graphs
Conducting surveys or interviews
Reviewing literature
Data analysis in research process is intended to:
Manipulate responses
Present only positive results
Interpret the meaning of data collected
Increase word count in the report
Why is feedback important in the research process?
It shortens the research report
It replaces analysis
It helps improve quality and accuracy
It allows skipping hypothesis testing
What does the 'research design' primarily decide?
The number of references
The order of presentation
The method of conducting the study
The journal to publis
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a good research question?
General and vague
Focused and specific
Based only on opinion
Always easy to answer
A good research question must be:
Unmeasurable
Broad and open-ended
Focused, researchable, and relevant
Based on personal beliefs
Which of these research questions is the most focused?
What is climate change?
How does sleep affect academic performance among college students?
Why do people like music?
What is education?
A feasible research question:
Can be answered with available time and resources
Must be extremely complicated
Should require three years to answer
Is always based on interviews
A research question must be complex enough to:
Be answered with yes or no
Require minimal thinking
Be discussed in depth and supported with evidence
Avoid any data collection
A research question that asks “Is social media good?” is:
Focused and researchable
Too broad and vague
Specific and complex
Scientifically sound
A hypothesis is:
A random opinion
An assumption that needs no evidence
An educated guess based on prior knowledge
A confirmed conclusion
The statement “Students who sleep 8 hours score higher in exams” is an example of:
Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
Research question
Data analysis
What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis with no variables
A researcher’s prediction
A statement that there is no effect or difference
A kind of data presentation
Which of the following is true about statistical testing?
It is always done on the alternative hypothesis
It is done on the null hypothesis
It does not involve hypotheses
It can ignore sampling methods
An alternative hypothesis usually reflects:
The researcher's expectation or claim
A random choice
The opposite of null
Both A and C
What is the key difference between a research question and a hypothesis?
Research questions are longer
Hypotheses are opinions
Research questions guide inquiry; hypotheses predict outcomes
There is no difference
Why must a hypothesis be testable?
To ensure clarity in writing
To allow for statistical analysis
To make research longer
To create confusion
A hypothesis that cannot be tested is:
Ideal for research
Invalid for scientific inquiry
Better than a research question
Used for opinions only
What is the main difference between probability and non-probability sampling?
Non-probability uses statistics
Probability sampling involves random selection
Probability sampling ignores sample size
Non-probability is more accurate
Which of the following is a probability sampling technique?
Convenience sampling
Judgmental sampling
Snowball sampling
Stratified sampling
In simple random sampling:
Every individual has an equal chance of being selected
Only known individuals are selected
Samples are grouped in clusters
Participants are selected based on availability
Which sampling method divides the population into levels and samples from each?
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Snowball sampling
In systematic sampling, participants are selected:
Based on convenience
Randomly from subgroups
At regular intervals from a list
Through volunteer referrals
Cluster sampling is most useful when:
Studying individuals only
The population is scattered and naturally grouped
Every individual must be selected
Time and cost are not a concern
What is a key limitation of convenience sampling?
Too much randomization
Very time-consuming
High risk of bias
Difficult to implement
Which method involves selecting participants who are easiest to reach?
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Judgmental sampling relies on:
Statistical formulas
Chance
Researcher’s knowledge and gauge
Random number tables
Snowball sampling is especially useful when:
The population is small and hard to reach
A very large sample is needed
Research must be random
No contacts exist
Which sampling method is least likely to represent the whole population accurately?
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Judgmental sampling
Simple random sampling
Which of the following is NOT a non-probability sampling method?
Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Simple random sampling
Judgmental sampling
Which probability method ensures each group in a population is represented?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Convenience sampling
