Worksheets67 PAGES part 3
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 36mins
Negative outcome of endocarditis:
Pericarditis
Development of heart defect
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Amyloidosis
Scarring
A 45-year-old woman had uterine bleeding, and a diagnostic curettage was taken from the endometrium. Histological analysis showed irregularly shaped glands in the endometrium, and stromal cells were hyperplastic. Choose the correct statement for this case:
This pathological process is adenomyosis.
This pathological process is endocervicosis.
As a complication, uterine polyps often develop.
As a complication, uterine cancer may develop.
The endometrium becomes thinner in this pathology.
The pathology of the brain characteristic of the primary-septic form of anthrax:
Brain hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis
Purulent meningoencephalitis
Brain ischemic infarcts
The main pathological process in thrombocytopenia:
Hemorrhagic syndrome
Hypercoagulation
Immunodeficiency syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
The patient has a severe course of viral hepatitis B. Consciousness is reduced. Liver odor, hemorrhagic diathesis. In the blood - hyperbilirubinemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia. These manifestations are characteristic of:
Child (Hypersplenism) syndrome
Acute liver failure
Hepatic cell coma
Sheehan's syndrome
Wolman's syndrome
Patients with diabetes mellitus often have skin lesions in the form of furunculosis, fungal infections, trophic ulcers, and poor wound healing. The development of glucose toxicity:
Decreased synthesis of ketone bodies
Activation of beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Activation of protein catabolism
Activation of lipolysis
In hyperthyroidism, the expression of beta-adrenergic receptors in tissues increases under the influence of thyroid hormones:
Develops immune ophthalmopathy
Tremor and muscle weakness occur
Heart blood pressure rises
Basal metabolism is enhanced
Tachycardia
Select a drug used in gastroenterology for the treatment of chronic hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, habitual constipation caused by tablets containing dry bile, garlic extract, nettle extract, activated carbon, and auxiliary substances.
Sucralfate
Essentiale
Odeston
Allochol
Omeprazol
Examination of the ventilation function of the lungs revealed a decrease in the volume of forced expiration in 1 second, a decrease in vital capacity. These indicators are typical for:
Bronchial asthma
Pneumonia
Fibrous pleurisy
Hydrothorax
Pulmonary atelectasis
A newborn has acute respiratory failure as a result of the development of primary atelectasis and interstitial pulmonary edema. The development of which is based on:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Bronchial patency disorder
Deficiency or reduced surfactant activity
Increasing the surface tension of the alveoli
Impaired diffusion of gases
Pathogenetic essence of the epileptic focus:
Reduction of synaptic conduction of impulses
Activation of the determinator structure
Blockade of the potential of dependent Na+ channels
Formation of generators of pathologically enhanced excitation
Activation of GABAergic receptors
An important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is played by:
Enhanced ATP production
Enhanced calcium output from the neuron
Inhibition of NMDA receptor activity
Increased antioxidants
Glutamate excitotoxicity
At the end of the first week, a patient with ALF has lethargy, muscle hypotonia, and hyporeflexia. Data is characterized by the following disturbances in homeostasis:
Hypokalemia
Increasing hyperazotemia
Hyperhydration of the body
Hypouricemia
Increased protein catabolism
The patient has vomiting, increased daytime sleepiness, and urine odor from the mouth. The skin is dry, the tongue is light and has a low specific gravity. Pericarditis and osteoporosis are determined. Reduction of the condition syndrome is achieved by the use of:
Forced diuresis
Infusion of hyperosmolar solutions
Blood transfusion
Hemodialysis
Antibiotic therapy
A patient with sepsis developed acute lung injury accompanied by severe hypoxemia that does not respond to oxygen therapy, a decrease in lung extensibility, and bilateral pulmonary infiltration. In the pathogenesis of this syndrome, an important role is played by:
Reduced permeability of alveolo-capillary membranes
Alveoli hyperventilation
Increased oxygen infiltration
Increased production of inflammatory mediators
Enhanced surfactant synthesis
Hemodynamic factors in the progression of glomerulonephritis include:
Impaired vascular wall permeability
Systemic hypotension
Intraglomerular hypertension
Immunocomplex injury
Slowing of blood flow rate
Impairment of the diffuse properties of the alveolocapillary membrane plays a major role in the development of respiratory:
Poliomyelitis
Bronchial asthma
Laryngeal edema
Alveolar pulmonary edema
Impaired surfactant synthesis
The main link in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome is:
Generalized damage to the capillaries of the lungs and alveolocytes
Excess surfactant production
Abrupt increase in systemic blood pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary artery
Increase in oncotic pressure in lung vessels
The mechanism of aortic aneurysm development in syphilis:
Disruption of the aortic elastic layer due to gummatous infiltrate
Disruption of the aortic elastic layer due to atherosclerotic changes
Development of the aneurysm due to thickening of the aortic elastic layer
Disruption of the elastic layer due to high pressure in the aorta
Disruption of the aortic elastic layer due to gumma effect
The characteristic sign of primary syphilis is:
Syphilides formation
Hard chancre formation
Acute interstitial inflammation develops
Gummas formation
Chronic interstitial inflammation develops
Changes identified in the small intestine during the third stage of typhoid fever include:
Scar formation
"Dirty" ulcers
Gangrene
Brain-like swelling
Venous congestion
Immunosuppression in leukemia leads to:
Lesions of thoracic and cervical lymph nodes
Splenomegaly and proliferation of blast cells
Amyloidosis and paranephrotic edema
Myeloma damage to the kidneys and amyloidosis
Ulcerative-necrotic changes and sepsis
Macroscopic changes in the intestinal wall during diphtheritic colitis:
Intestinal wall is thickened
Meissner’s plexus dystrophy
Leukocytic infiltration
Lymphocytic infiltration
Intestinal wall is thinned
Type of generalized hematogenic tuberculosis:
Chronic miliary tuberculosis
Primary pulmonary cavern
Acute tuberculosis sepsis
Growth of primary affect
Formation of caverns
What disease is the expression of the "large mottled lung"?
Occurs during coronavirus infection
Develops as a clear manifestation of adenovirus infection
Detected in severe influenza
Detected in mild influenza
In the case of moderate influenza, it is detected
Source of influenza infection:
Domestic animals
Bats
Birds
Virus carriers
Sick person
What characteristic tissue reaction develops in the lymph nodes of the lungs during tuberculous lymphadenitis?
Fibrinoid necrosis
Dystrophic changes
Purulent inflammation
Caseous necrosis, granuloma
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Patient K. has ischemic stroke. Spastic left-sided paralysis of the upper extremity developed. This indicates damage to which of the following gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres?
Hippocampal
Superior temporal
Postcentral
Inferior frontal
Precentral
Patient N.. 42 years old, complains of pain and swelling in the metacarpophalangeal, wrist, and knee hours. Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide and an increase in rheumatoid factor titer were revere development of this disease, an important role is played by:
Overproduction of osteoprotegerin by osteoblasts
Atrophy of the synovial membrane
Overproduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines
Deficiency of T-suppressor function of lymphocytes
Fragmentation of proteoglycan aggregates
The main informative component of the azotemia index in chronic renal failure is:
Hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia
Metabolic acidosis
Creatinine and hypokalemia
Hypo- and dysproteinemia
Creatinine and urea
In the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis, the following plays an important role:
Inhibition of expression by RANKt osteoblasts
Overexpression of the RANK ligand
Activating the Wnt Signaling Pathway
Overexpression of OPG
Decrease in interleukin production 1: 6
A patient who often suffered from epigastric pain and heartburn had been taking drug X on his o pain disappeared for a short time, but belching of air ("champagne phenomenon") appeared. Rec appeared, and his general health worsened. The patient was hospitalized. An examination reveal patient take to relieve pain and heartburn?
Almagel
Sodium bicarbonate
Maalox
Smecta
Bismuth subnitrate
Inflammatory lung hardening syndrome is characterized by:
Decrease in mucociliary clearance rate
Reduction of mucus production by goblet cells
Enhanced antibacterial activity of mucus
Increased surfactant formation
Reduction of sputum viscosity and adhesion
The postrenal cause of acute renal failure is:
Acute blockage of the ureter by a stone
Uremic coma
Diffuse glomerulonephritis
Collapse
Myocardial infarction
The renal cause of acute renal failure is:
acute blockage of the ureter by a stone
uremic coma
diffuse glomerulonephritis
collapse
myocardial infarction
A modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease is:
ethnicity
low levels of low-density lipoproteins
female gender
abdominal obesity
family history of cardiovascular diseases
When coronary blood flow is severely impaired, in the myocardium ischemia, damage and necrosis develop active electrode records:
Packer waves 1
ST segment depression
abnormal Q spike
negative T wave
prolongation of the PQ interval
A pathognomonic feature of epileptic neurons is:
inhibition of acetylcholine receptor activity
progressive increase in seizure threshold
generation of low amplitude and frequency action potentials
paroxysmal depolarization shifts of membrane potential
Inhibition of glutamate release
Medicines for the treatment of patients with psychosis:
Tranquilizers
Narcotic analgesics
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Neuroleptics
Antidepressants
In young children, compared to adults, respiratory failure develops more quickly in similar situation:
insufficient development of elastic fibers in lung tissue
low oxygen demand
low aperture
greater depth of breathing, inhalation and exhalation reserves
large diameter of bronchi and trachea
A 47-year-old female patient, in the last 2 months, complained of attacks of suffocation with examination: diffuse cyanosis, distant dry crackles, participation of auxiliary muscles in the a The Tiffno Index is 57%. In the development of this typical form of pathology, the following is:
inhibition of the cholinergic nervous system
enhanced production of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
decreased production of neurokinin A
activation of alpha adrenergic receptors
activation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors
The factors of acid-peptic aggression in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease include an increase:
production of hydrochloric acid and pepsin
mucosal repair processes
production of bicarbonates
production of prostaglandins E1. €2, F2
mucus formation
A 63-year-old man complains for nausea, vomiting. and a visual sensation of green-yellow circles around diagnosed with heart failure and atrial fibrillation and started appropriate treatment two weeks earlier. Medications most likely caused the symptoms in this patient?
Orthostatic hypotension is caused by taking nitrates
Tachycardia is caused by vasodilators
Digitalis intoxication is caused by taking cardiac glycosides
Angina pectons and 'steal' syndrome
Hypertensive crisis is caused by cardiotonic drugs
D2 dopamine receptor blockers metoclopramide, domperidone, thiethylperazine cause:
antispasmodic effect
emetic effect
antiemetic effect
secretory effect
antisecretory effect
Cholestyramine enters into a complex with bile acids and endotoxins, belongs to the group:
astringent
antiemetic
enveloping
adsorbing
antispasmodics
The bronchodilators of the adrenomimetics group include:
euphylline, theophylline, ketotifen
fenoterol, salbutamol, formoterol
salbutamol, ephedrine. aminophylline
salbutamol, atropine, octadine
Ruticasone, budesonide, isoprenaline
Possible causes of death in severe influenza characterized by general toxicity:
myocardial infarction
hemorrhage into the vital center of the brain
asphyxia developed as a result of true croup
chronic kidney failure (uremia)
acute renal failure
Morphological manifestations of the vasopathic effect of the virus:
anemia
hyperemia
ischemia
sclerosis
fibrinoid necrosis
An increase in the ventilation-perfusion ratio (Va/Q) greater than 1.0 is observed in the following:
accumulation of fluid in the alveoli
pulmonary atelectasis
bronchospasm
chronic bronchitis
spasm of pulmonary arterioles
Shunt (exogenous, false) hepatic coma develops in the following cases:
Portal hypertension
hepatic necrosis
hepatosis
acute hepatitis
splenomegaly
Which drug is not a calcium channel antagonist?
ivabadrin
amlodipine
diltiazem
nifedipine
verapamil
Typical neuroleptic:
Haloperidol
Atenolol
Clozapine
Risperidone
Fenoterol
Specify a drug for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia:
Iron ferrous lactate
Folic acid
Sinkumar
Cyanocobalamin
Pentoxyl
Indications for prescribing pirenzepine:
hypotension, bronchial asthma, angina
Raynaud's disease, obliterating endarteritis, pheochromocytoma
cholecystitis, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis
atony of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder, hypertension
gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, gastritis
Specify an antifibrinolytic agent:
Aminocaproic acid
Thrombin
Gelatin
Streptodecase
Urokinase
Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus:
Hemolytic anemia
Melanoderma, liver cirrhosis
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Obstructive jaundice
Pyoderma, blindness
Thyroid disease characterized by massive lymphoid infiltration with follicle formation, follicular epithelial cells with increased:
Sporadic goiter
Diffuse tonic goiter
Redel's thyroiditis
Endemic goiter
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Select a drug from the group of monoclonal antibodies to TNF alpha:
Infiximab
Sulfinpyrazone
Auronofin
Leflunomide
Penicillamine
Select a drug prescribed to dissolve cholesterol stones:
ursodeoxycholic acid
ranitidine
holosas
magnesium sulfate
oxyferrocarbon
What type of pericardial inflammation develops during transmural and subepicardial infarction:
Fibrinous
Purulent
Putrefactive
Serous
Catarrhal
When adrenaline acts on beta-2-adrenergic receptors, which are embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane of bronchiole smooth muscle cells, the following occurs:
collapse of the alveoli walls
decreased bronchial tone and dilation
enhancement of mucostase
increase in intracellular calcium in bronchiole smooth muscle
inhibition of mucociliary clearance
What are the pharmacological effects of glucocorticosteroids used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases?
As a replacement therapy
Antiallergic, anti-shock
Anti-inflammatory, anti-shock
Immunosuppressive, anti-shock
Immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory
Colchicine in an inflamed joint with gout:
Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
Binds beta tubulin, inhibits mitosis, disrupts leukocyte chemotaxis, and disrupts urate phagocytosis
Activates the enzyme xanthine oxidase
Blocks the enzyme xanthine oxidase
Inhibits phospholipase A-2
Patient S. was admitted to the clinic with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease. From the anamnesis, it turned out that he also has bronchial asthma. Which antianginal drugs are contraindicated in this patient?
Organic nitrates
Ivabradine
Combined β + α blockers
β-adrenergic blockers
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Patient O., 32 years old, with infertility, was diagnosed with oligozoospermia caused by a disorder of spermatogenesis. Dysfunction is associated with damage to the following testicular structures:
Seminal vesicles
Albuginea membrane of the testicles
Straight seminiferous tubules
Convoluted seminiferous tubules
Testicular interstitial tissue
Patient R., 56 years old, with acute myocardial infarction, is infused with thrombolytic drugs (rheopolyglucin) with simultaneous administration of heparin. The result of therapy may be the development of reperfusion syndrome, one of the manifestations of which is:
Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome
No-reflow syndrome
Chronic right ventricular failure syndrome
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
Dressler syndrome
What is the name of the condition when the action of levodopa becomes irregular (alternating between 'on' and off):
Dystonia
the on-off phenomenon
paresthesis
Cholinergic crisis
In stage 3 of DIC, depletion of plasma factors, activation of fibrinolysis, and thrombocytopenia lead to the development of:
Tissue ischemia
Hemorrhagic syndrome
Metabolic acidosis
Thromboemboli
Which antiplatelet agents according to the mechanism of action belong to potent and orally active thromboxane:
Heparin
Pentoxifyline
Diltiazem
✅ Ridogrel
✅Ozagrel
✅ Terutroban
✅ Ifetroban
✅ Dazoxiben
Aspirin can be
Antiplatelet agent, P2Y12 receptor blocker is:
Rivaroxaban
Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
The direct anticoagulant used for blood preservation:
Sinkumar
Fraxiparine
Sodium citrate
