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Renal Physiology and Anatomy Worksheet

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which nitrogenous waste comes from protein catabolism?

a)

Creatinine

b)

Urea

c)

Uric acid

d)

Ammonia

2.

Elevated BUN is called:

a)

Uremia

b)

Anuria

c)

Azotemia

d)

Glycosuria

3.

Severe nitrogenous waste toxicity causing diarrhea/vomiting is:

a)

Uremia

b)

Hypernatremia

c)

Azotemia

d)

Ketosis

4.

Which organ does NOT participate in excretion?

a)

Skin

b)

Liver

c)

Digestive system

d)

Urinary system

5.

Creatinine comes from breakdown of:

a)

ATP

b)

Hemoglobin

c)

Creatine phosphate

d)

Amino acids

6.

Primary function of kidneys:

a)

Produce bile

b)

Regulate blood volume/electrolytes

c)

Produce insulin

d)

Store glycogen

7.

Erythropoietin stimulates:

a)

WBCs

b)

RBCs

c)

Hormones

d)

Platelets

8.

Calcitriol regulates:

a)

Sodium

b)

Calcium

c)

Iron

d)

Oxygen

9.

Loss of kidney function may cause:

a)

Hypoxia

b)

Edema

c)

Hyperglycemia

d)

Hypothermia

10.

Kidney creates glucose from amino acids:

a)

Ketogenesis

b)

Gluconeogenesis

c)

Glycolysis

d)

Lipogenesis

11.

Kidneys are located:

a)

Intraperitoneally

b)

Retroperitoneally

c)

Subcutaneously

d)

Mediastinum

12.

Funnel-shaped structure leading to ureter:

a)

Major calyx

b)

Minor calyx

c)

Renal pelvis

d)

Papilla

13.

Renal cortex is:

a)

Inner

b)

Middle

c)

Outer

d)

Center

14.

Pyramids are in the:

a)

Cortex

b)

Medulla

c)

Capsule

d)

Hilum

15.

Hilum receives all except:

a)

Ureter

b)

Renal artery

c)

Renal nerve

d)

Renal tubule

16.

Structure separating pyramids:

a)

Papilla

b)

Columns

c)

Calyces

d)

Glomerulus

17.

Protective fatty layer:

a)

Renal fascia

b)

Fibrous capsule

c)

Perirenal fat

d)

Adipose cushion

18.

A kidney lobe consists of:

a)

Cortex only

b)

Pyramid + cortex

c)

Two calyces

d)

A nephron

19.

Urine first enters:

a)

Major calyx

b)

Minor calyx

c)

Renal pelvis

d)

Ureter

20.

Medullary apex facing calyx:

a)

Hilum

b)

Papilla

c)

Capsule

d)

Column

21.

Afferent arteriole leads to:

a)

PCT

b)

Glomerulus

c)

DCT

d)

Peritubular capillaries

22.

Efferent arterioles lead to:

a)

Renal artery

b)

Vasa recta/peritubular caps

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Collecting duct

23.

PCT epithelium:

a)

Simple squamous

b)

Simple cuboidal with microvilli

c)

Stratified squamous

d)

Transitional

24.

Most reabsorption occurs in:

a)

DCT

b)

PCT

c)

Collecting duct

d)

Ascending limb

25.

Juxtamedullary nephrons maintain:

a)

Filtration

b)

Medullary gradient

c)

Urea secretion

d)

Aldosterone

26.

Cortical nephrons have:

a)

Long loops

b)

Short loops

c)

No loops

d)

Double loops

27.

JGA includes macula densa +:

a)

Podocytes

b)

Granular cells

c)

Mesangial

d)

Fibroblasts

28.

Macula densa detect:

a)

Osmolarity

b)

NaCl concentration

c)

Protein

d)

Hormone levels

29.

Renin increases when:

a)

BP high

b)

Sodium low

c)

GFR high

d)

Calcium high

30.

Filtration is driven by:

a)

Diffusion

b)

Blood pressure

c)

Active transport

d)

Hormones

31.

Not freely filtered:

a)

Glucose

b)

Amino acids

c)

Proteins

d)

Electrolytes

32.

99% filtrate is:

a)

Secreted

b)

Reabsorbed

c)

Excreted

d)

Destroyed

33.

Glucose reabsorption uses:

a)

Diffusion

b)

Na–glucose cotransport

c)

Active transport

d)

Osmosis

34.

Not reabsorbed:

a)

Glucose

b)

Sodium

c)

Creatinine

d)

Water

35.

Obligatory water reabsorption occurs in:

a)

DCT

b)

Collecting duct

c)

PCT

d)

Ascending limb

36.

Tubular secretion regulates:

a)

pH

b)

RBCs

c)

Proteins

d)

Calcium

37.

Transport maximum refers to:

a)

Osmotic pressure

b)

Saturated transport proteins

c)

GFR

d)

BP

38.

Glycosuria occurs when:

a)

ADH rises

b)

Albumin low

c)

Glucose > Tm

d)

Aldosterone falls

39.

Descending limb permeable to:

a)

Protein

b)

Water

c)

Sodium

d)

Glucose

40.

Ascending limb transports:

a)

Water

b)

Na+/Cl−

c)

Protein

d)

Glucose

41.

ADH increases:

a)

Water reabsorption

b)

Sodium secretion

c)

Urea secretion

d)

Glucose secretion

42.

Aldosterone increases:

a)

K+

b)

Na+

c)

Ca2+

d)

Glucose

43.

ANP causes:

a)

Sodium retention

b)

Increase GFR

c)

ADH release

d)

Aldosterone release

44.

PTH increases:

a)

Na+

b)

Ca2+

c)

Cl−

d)

K+

45.

Countercurrent multiplier is in the:

a)

PCT

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

DCT

d)

Collecting duct

46.

Urea recycling contributes to:

a)

Low osmolarity

b)

High medullary osmolarity

c)

Glucose uptake

d)

Lipid breakdown

47.

Vasa recta prevent:

a)

Medullary washout

b)

GFR change

c)

Na+ reabsorption

d)

Proteinuria

48.

Hydration → ADH:

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

c)

No change

d)

Stops

49.

Concentrated urine from:

a)

Low ADH

b)

High ADH

c)

High GFR

d)

Low urea

50.

Sympathetic stimulation:

a)

Dilates afferent

b)

Constricts afferent

c)

Raises GFR

d)

Raises urine output

51.

RAAS begins with release of:

a)

ADH

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Renin

d)

Cortisol

52.

Angiotensin II causes:

a)

Vasodilation

b)

Vasoconstriction

c)

Lower BP

d)

Larger filtration slits

53.

Angiotensin II stimulates:

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Insulin

c)

ANP

d)

Glucagon

54.

Normal urine output per day:

a)

0.2 L

b)

1–2 L

c)

10 L

d)

6 L

55.

Specific gravity 1.028 means:

a)

Dilute

b)

Concentrated

c)

Neutral

d)

Proteinuria

56.

Urochrome comes from breakdown of:

a)

Glucose

b)

Hemoglobin

c)

Proteins

d)

Lipids

57.

Cloudy urine usually indicates:

a)

High ADH

b)

UTI

c)

Dehydration

d)

Diabetes

58.

Internal urethral sphincter is:

a)

Skeletal

b)

Smooth

c)

Voluntary

d)

None

59.

Micturition triggered by:

a)

Renin

b)

Stretch receptors

c)

ANP

d)

Aldosterone

60.

The bladder lining is:

a)

Simple squamous

b)

Transitional epithelium

c)

Cuboidal

d)

Stratified squamous

61.

External urethral sphincter is made of:

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Skeletal muscle

c)

Cardiac muscle

d)

Elastic tissue

62.

Filtration occurs in the:

a)

PCT

b)

Glomerulus

c)

DCT

d)

Collecting duct

63.

What percent of blood plasma is filtered?

a)

1%

b)

20%

c)

50%

d)

80%

64.

Hematuria indicates damage to:

a)

Loop of Henle

b)

Filtration membrane

c)

Ureter

d)

Bladder

65.

Proteinuria most likely caused by:

a)

High ADH

b)

Glomerular damage

c)

Excess salt

d)

Dehydration

66.

High GFR leads to:

a)

More reabsorption

b)

Less reabsorption

c)

No change

d)

No filtration

67.

Low GFR leads to:

a)

Waste retention

b)

Dehydration

c)

Increased filtration

d)

Sodium loss

68.

The collecting duct is regulated by:

a)

ADH

b)

Glucagon

c)

Renin

d)

Oxytocin

69.

Final urine concentration occurs in the:

a)

PCT

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

DCT

d)

Collecting duct

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