You are assessing a patient with a chief complaint of chest pain. Which of the following history questions must the paramedic ask regarding the onset of symptoms?

You are caring for a 50 year-old male diabetic complaining of chest pain. Which of the following medications would you specifically question him about prior to nitroglycerin administration?

You are caring for a 50 year-old female complaining of chest pain. According to the 2020 American Heart Association guidelines, supplemental oxygen should be provided if the SpO2 is:

Which of the following is the correct dose of aspirin for the patient experiencing chest pain?

You are resuscitating a 50 year-old male in VF cardiac arrest. The patient has just been defibrillated. What is your next step?

A type of angina that most often occurs at rest or without a precipitating cause is:

A type of myocardial infarction in which the entire thickness of the myocardium is destroyed is:

A type of myocardial infarction which is referred to as a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a:

The window of time in which an IV fibrinolytic can be given for a STEMI is less than:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for STEMI when it can be performed effectively with a first medical contact-to-balloon time of:

You are caring for a 68 year-old male presenting with dyspnea, tachycardia, crackles, coughing, and blood-tinged sputum. The most likely cause of the patient's condition is:

You are caring for a 70 year-old female presenting with dyspnea, tachycardia, JVD, lower extremity edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly. The most likely cause of the patient's condition is:

You are caring for a patient complaining of acute onset of chest pain. His vital signs reveal a blood pressure of 68/40, heart rate of 40 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 24 per minute and a pO2 of 92%. What is the most likely cause of this patient's hypotension?

You are caring for a patient complaining of acute onset of chest pain. His vital signs reveal a blood pressure of 60/40, heart rate of 200 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 24 per minute and a SpO2 of 92%. What is the most likely cause of this patient's hypotension?

Pulmonary embolism can result in right ventricular failure because:

You are caring for a 54 year-old male presenting with headache, dysarthria, visual disturbances, and confusion. His blood pressure is 220/120 mmHg and his pulse rate is 102. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient's condition?

The most severe form of pump failure is:

You are caring for a patient in cardiogenic shock due to an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

You are transporting a 58 year-old male with chest pain who is experiencing an inferior wall MI. Supplemental oxygen and an IV of NS has been initiated. En route the patient becomes unresponsive, pulseless, apneic and ventricular fibrillation is observed on the cardiac monitor. What is your next step?

You have arrived to the scene of a 70 year-old female who was found unresponsive by her husband about 6 minutes prior to arrival. She is pulseless and apneic. No bystander CPR was initiated. What is your next step?

What differentiates unstable angina from stable angina?

A hereditary condition that affects patients between 30 and 40 years of age and is associated with high risk of sudden cardiac death is:

You are resuscitating an adult patient in VF cardiac arrest. After the last defibrillation 2 minutes of CPR was performed. The monitor reveals sinus tachycardia and strong carotid and radial pulses are palpated. Ventilations are being assisted with an oropharyngeal airway in place and a BVM device. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

You are caring for an adult patient who experienced ROSC after VF cardiac arrest. He is intubated and waveform capnography monitoring is initiated. His blood pressure is 80 mmHg systolic. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

You are caring for an unresponsive adult patient who experienced ROSC after VF cardiac arrest. He is intubated and waveform capnography monitoring is initiated. His blood pressure is 126/70 mmHg systolic. The 12-lead ECG is unremarkable. He does not follow commands. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

You are caring for a patient with a right ventricular MI who is hypotensive. Supplemental oxygen and aspirin have been given. Which of the following is the next most appropriate treatment?

You are caring for a 75 year-old male who is pulseless and apneic. An off duty EMT has been performing CPR for 2 minutes prior to your arrival. The monitor reveals a regular rhythm with a rate of 250, QRS >0.12, and no P waves. What is your next step?

You are caring for a 75 year-old male presenting with acute onset of dysarthria, left-sided facial droop, and left arm drift. He is alert, cooperative, and responds to questions. His blood glucose is 90 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his signs and symptoms?

You are caring for a 70 year-old female presenting with acute onset of dysarthria, right sided facial droop, and right arm drift. She is alert, cooperative, and responds to questions. Her blood glucose is 102 mg/dL. The patient should be transported to the:

You are caring for a 70 year-old female presenting with acute stroke-like symptoms. According to the AHA (2020), stroke patients may be candidates for treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and other fibrinolytic agents if they receive treatment within:

Which of the following is part of the assessment of every patient presenting with stroke-like symptoms?

You are assessing an adult patient with stroke-like symptoms who has aphasia. The patient's family member is also present. Considering the treatment for certain types of stroke, the paramedic will be sure to ask:

A blood pressure difference of less than 5--10mmHg between the right and left arm is considered normal. The right arm blood pressure is normally higher than the left. A consistent difference of more than 20 mmHg in blood pressure readings between arms may be indicative of a vascular disease process. Which of the following best explains this rationale for the difference in blood pressure between the two arms?

You are resuscitating a 70 year-old male who is in pulseless ventricular fibrillation (VF). Ventilations are being performed with an advanced airway in place and a BVM. An IV of NS has been established. The cardiac arrest is refractory to three rounds of CPR, 2 rounds of Epinephrine 1 mg IVP, and three defibrillation attempts. The fourth round of CPR has just completed. What is the next medication to be administered?

You are caring for a 4 year-old male child who was found unresponsive by his grandmother after ingesting a bottle of 30 mg Adalat tablets. The patient has a heart rate of 40, a blood pressure of 54 systolic, and a capillary refill time of 4 seconds. Which of the following best describes this patient's condition?

You are caring for a 19 year-old male who presents with acute onset of palpitations and light-headedness. The child is alert. His respiratory rate is 28/min and his blood pressure is 108/70 mmHg. Supraventricular tachycardia is observed on the cardiac monitor. What is the most appropriate next intervention?

You are caring for a 55 year-old male who collapsed and is now pulseless and apneic. The monitor reveals no electrical activity in bipolar limb leads I, II, and III. What is your next step?

You are caring for a 45 year-old male who is complaining of palpitations. He denies chest pain or dyspnea and his lung sounds are clear. His vital signs are stable. The monitor reveals a regular rhythm with a rate of 200, QRS <0.12, and no discernible P waves. IV access and a 12-lead ECG have been obtained. Vagal maneuvers have been unsuccessful. What is your next step?

Which of the following represents a category of patients that may exhibit "atypical S/S" regarding Acute Coronary Syndromes?

Ventricular fibrillation is MOST likely to develop during which part of the cardiac action potential cycle?

An 8 month-old infant is unresponsive and apneic. What is the maximum time that should be spent attempting to palpate a pulse before initiating CPR?

Why can hyperventilation lead to REDUCED oxygenation?

You are caring for a 55 year-old male who presents with chest pain, dyspnea, altered mental status, hypotension, and pale, cool, clammy skin. The monitor reveals an irregularly irregular rhythm with a rate of 190, QRS <0.12, and no discernible P waves. What is your next step?

You are caring for a 7 year-old child who is found pulseless and apneic. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio when 2 or more trained rescuers are present to perform CPR?

You are resuscitating a 5 year-old child in cardiac arrest. The rate and depth of ventilations are most effectively monitored and adjusted in response to:

To improve patient outcome for the possible stroke patient, the patient should be transported to:

Which of the following is a common risk factor for ischemic stroke?

It is important for the paramedic to rapidly recognize signs and symptoms of stroke because:

Why does the prehospital administration of diuretics usually not benefit a patient with congestive heart failure?

Pre-hospital treatment for a patient experiencing acute CHF with pulmonary edema would include:

Which of the following is a contraindication for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

You are at the home of a 65 year-old female c/o sudden onset of pain in her left calf. VS are WNL, Lung sounds are clear bilaterally. Dorsalis pedis pulse is diminished on the left lower extremity; left foot is pale and cold; sensation is altered on the left lower extremity. What do you suspect?

You are called to the scene of a 65 year-old male c/o severe pain that originates in the back (between the scapulae) and radiates down into the legs. Pain began about 15 minutes prior to arrival and patient states “this is the worst pain I’ve ever had.” Pt states that the severity of the pain was maximal from time of onset; a “10” on “0–10” scale. Skin: pale, warm, diaphoretic. Peripheral pulses are unequal. VS: Left B/P 160/102, Right B/P 198/132, Pulse 132, Respirations 24. Which of the following best explains the patient’s signs and symptoms?

You are called to the home of a 33 year-old obese female c/o lower right leg pain. Pt states she has been in bed for about two weeks recuperating from abdominal surgery. Pt also states she takes birth control pills and smokes 2 packs of cigarettes a day. Lung sounds are clear. The right lower extremity is warm to the touch, edematous, and shows diffuse redness. VS: B/P 130/78, pulse 110, respirations 20. What is the best explanation for the patient’s signs and symptoms?

Which of the following terms is described as Right Ventricular dysfunction due to an increase in resistance to right ventricular emptying?

A patient walks up the stairs and has leg pain that is relieved by rest due to peripheral atherosclerosis. This pain is reproducible (i.e.: always occurs when walking up the stairs). What is this called?

You are caring for a 45 year-old male who presents with chest pain, dyspnea, altered mental status, hypotension, and pale, cool, clammy skin. The monitor reveals a regular rhythm with a rate of 30, QRS >0.12, more P waves than QRS complexes, and a variable PR interval. The patient’s rhythm is refractory to Atropine 1.0 mg IVP. What is your next step?

List the medications (dose, routes, etc) as described in the Symptomatic Bradycardia algorithm.