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Macromolecule Catabolism

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Many organisms oxidize carbohydrates as the primary energy source for anabolic reactions.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

What is the most common carbohydrate used by organisms?

a)

Glucose

b)

Fructose

c)

Sucrose

d)

Cellulose

3.

Glucose is catabolized by which of the following processes?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Fermentation

d)

Both B and C

4.

Fill in the blank: Glucose is catabolized by ________ and fermentation.

a)

cellular respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

transpiration

d)

glycogenesis

5.

The breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy typically occurs in three principle stages. Fill in the blank: The first stage is _________?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Fermentation

d)

Transcription

6.

The breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy typically occurs in three principle stages. Fill in the blank: The second stage is _________?

a)

Krebs cycle

b)

Glycolysis

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Photosynthesis

7.

The breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy typically occurs in three principle stages. Fill in the blank: The third stage is _________?

a)

Electron transport chain

b)

Glycolysis

c)

Fermentation

d)

Calvin cycle

8.

Where does glycolysis occur in most cells?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

9.

Glycolysis involves the splitting of a six-carbon glucose into how many three-carbon sugar molecules?

a)

Two

b)

One

c)

Three

d)

Four

10.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of glycolysis?

a)

Energy-investment stage

b)

Lysis (splitting) stage

c)

Energy-conserving (harvesting) stage

d)

Electron transport stage

11.

Fill in the blank: The lysis (splitting) stage of glycolysis is coupled with a key ______ reaction.

a)

redox

b)

hydrolysis

c)

condensation

d)

isomerization

12.

How many times does the direct transfer of phosphate between two substrates occur during glycolysis?

a)

Four times

b)

Two times

c)

Three times

d)

Five times

13.

What is the net product gain from glycolysis?

a)

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid

b)

4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid

c)

2 ATP, 4 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acid

d)

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 pyruvic acid

14.

What is the term for the direct transfer of phosphate between two substrates during glycolysis?

a)

Substrate level phosphorylation

b)

Oxidative phosphorylation

c)

Photophosphorylation

d)

Chemiosmosis

15.

Step 1 of glycolysis: ______ is phosphorylated by ATP to form glucose 6-phosphate.

a)

Glucose

b)

Fructose

c)

Galactose

d)

Sucrose

16.

Step 2 and 3 of glycolysis: The atoms of glucose 6-phosphate are rearranged to form ______. Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to form ______.

a)

fructose 6-phosphate; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

b)

glucose 1-phosphate; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

c)

fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; glucose 6-phosphate

d)

dihydroxyacetone phosphate; fructose 6-phosphate

17.

Step 4 of glycolysis: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved to form ______ and ______.

a)

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P); dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

b)

glucose 6-phosphate; fructose 6-phosphate

c)

pyruvate; lactate

d)

acetyl-CoA; oxaloacetate

18.

Step 5 of glycolysis: DHAP is rearranged to form another ______.

a)

G3P

b)

ATP

c)

NADH

d)

Pyruvate

19.

Step 6 of glycolysis: Inorganic phosphates are added to the two G3P, and two ______ are reduced.

a)

NAD+

b)

FAD

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

20.

Step 7 of glycolysis: Two ADP are phosphorylated by substrate-level phosphorylation to form two ______.

a)

ATP

b)

NADH

c)

FADH2

d)

GTP

21.

Steps 8 and 9 of glycolysis: The remaining phosphates are moved to the middle carbons. A ______ molecule is removed from each substrate.

a)

water

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen

d)

glucose

22.

Step 10 of glycolysis: Two ADP are phosphorylated by substrate-level phosphorylation to form two ______. Two ______ acid are formed.

a)

ATP; pyruvic

b)

NADH; lactic

c)

GTP; citric

d)

FADH2; acetic

23.

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Pyruvate kinase

c)

Phosphofructokinase

d)

Lactate dehydrogenase

24.

Refer to the diagram showing substrate-level phosphorylation in carbohydrate catabolism. Fill in the blank: The ATP made during glycolysis is a result of _________.

a)

substrate-level phosphorylation

b)

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

photophosphorylation

d)

chemiosmosis

25.

Refer to the diagram showing substrate-level phosphorylation in carbohydrate catabolism. What are the products formed when phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP react in the presence of pyruvate kinase?

a)

Pyruvate and ATP

b)

Lactate and ATP

c)

Pyruvate and NADH

d)

Acetyl-CoA and ATP

26.

Which of the following is an alternative pathway to glycolysis used by some microbes?

a)

Pentose phosphate pathway

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Calvin cycle

d)

Electron transport chain

27.

The alternatives to glycolysis yield ______ molecules of ATP than glycolysis.

a)

fewer

b)

more

c)

equal

d)

double

28.

What is one function of the alternative pathways to glycolysis?

a)

Yield more ATP than glycolysis

b)

Reduce coenzymes and yield different metabolites needed in anabolic pathways

c)

Increase oxygen consumption

d)

Produce lactic acid

29.

Name one of the two alternative pathways to glycolysis mentioned in the slide.

a)

Pentose phosphate pathway or Entner-Doudoroff pathway

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Calvin cycle

d)

Beta-oxidation

30.

What is the net gain of pyruvate in the Entner-Duouroff Pathway?

a)

2 pyruvate

b)

1 pyruvate

c)

4 pyruvate

d)

0 pyruvate

31.

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Entner-Duouroff Pathway?

a)

NADH

b)

NADPH

c)

FADH2

d)

ATP

32.

The Entner-Duouroff Pathway involves the energy investment phase of glycolysis.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

The Entner-Duouroff Pathway occurs in which of the following organisms?

a)

E. coli

b)

Pseudomonas

c)

Enterococcus

d)

All of the above

34.

Fill in the blank: The Entner-Duouroff Pathway operates independently of the ______ phase of glycolysis.

a)

energy investment

b)

energy payoff

c)

oxidative

d)

substrate-level phosphorylation

35.

What is the net gain of the pentose phosphate pathway?

a)

2 NADPH, 1 ATP, and precursor metabolites

b)

2 NADH, 1 ATP, and precursor metabolites

c)

2 NADPH, 2 ATP, and precursor metabolites

d)

2 NADH, 2 ATP, and precursor metabolites

36.

The pentose phosphate pathway breaks down glucose into ______ and NADPH.

a)

pentoses

b)

hexoses

c)

amino acids

d)

fatty acids

37.

The pentose phosphate pathway operates simultaneously with glycolysis.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

When is the pentose phosphate pathway favored in the cell?

a)

When the cell needs energy

b)

When the cell has need for nucleic acid and/or protein synthesis

c)

When the cell is at rest

d)

When the cell is dividing

39.

Which of the following is NOT a fate of ribulose 5-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway?

a)

To anabolic reactions requiring electron donors

b)

To Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis

c)

To synthesis of nucleotides

d)

To synthesis of amino acids

40.

Fill in the blank: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) produced in the pentose phosphate pathway can enter ______ of glycolysis.

a)

step 6

b)

step 3

c)

step 1

d)

step 10

41.

Which of the following is NOT an alternative pathway to glycolysis shown in the diagram?

a)

Glycolysis (EMP)

b)

Entner-Doudoroff (ED)

c)

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)

d)

Krebs Cycle

42.

Fill in the blank: The net yield of ATP in the Glycolysis (EMP) pathway is ____.

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

1 ATP

d)

0 ATP

43.

Which pathway produces ribulose 5-phosphate as an intermediate?

a)

Glycolysis (EMP)

b)

Entner-Doudoroff (ED)

c)

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)

d)

Krebs Cycle

44.

Fill in the blank: The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway produces ____ as a reducing equivalent.

a)

NADPH

b)

FADH2

c)

NADH

d)

ATP

45.

What are the byproducts produced when pyruvic acid is completely oxidized to produce ATP?

a)

CO2 and H2O

b)

CO2 and O2

c)

H2O and O2

d)

CO2 and glucose

46.

Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis?

a)

Transitional reaction: Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

b)

Krebs cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Photosynthesis

47.

Fill in the blank: The first stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis is the _________.

a)

Transitional reaction: Synthesis of acetyl-CoA

b)

Electron transport chain

c)

Fermentation

d)

Photosynthesis

48.

Fill in the blank: The second stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis is the _________

a)

Krebs cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

b)

Electron Transport Chain

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Fermentation

49.

Fill in the blank: The third stage of cellular respiration after glycolysis is the _________.

a)

Electron transport chain

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Fermentation

50.

According to the diagram, how many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced per glucose during the transition to the Kreb’s cycle?

a)

2 acetyl-CoA

b)

1 acetyl-CoA

c)

4 acetyl-CoA

d)

6 acetyl-CoA

51.

According to the diagram, how many molecules of CO2 are produced per glucose during the transition to the Kreb’s cycle?

a)

2 CO2

b)

1 CO2

c)

4 CO2

d)

0 CO2

52.

According to the diagram, how many molecules of NADH are produced per glucose during the transition to the Kreb’s cycle?

a)

2 NADH

b)

1 NADH

c)

4 NADH

d)

0 NADH

53.

What is the net number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle?

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

1 ATP

d)

6 ATP

54.

What is the net number of FADH2 molecules produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle?

a)

2 FADH2

b)

1 FADH2

c)

4 FADH2

d)

0 FADH2

55.

What is the net number of NADH molecules produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle?

a)

6 NADH

b)

2 NADH

c)

4 NADH

d)

8 NADH

56.

What is the net number of CO2 molecules produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle?

a)

4 CO2

b)

2 CO2

c)

6 CO2

d)

8 CO2

57.

Where does the Krebs (citric acid) cycle occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

a)

In the cytosol of prokaryotes and in the matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes.

b)

In the nucleus of prokaryotes and in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes.

c)

In the cell membrane of prokaryotes and in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes.

d)

In the ribosomes of prokaryotes and in the Golgi apparatus of eukaryotes.

58.

Which molecule enters the Krebs (citric acid) cycle to start the process?

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

Pyruvate

c)

Glucose

d)

Lactic acid

59.

What is the main function of the Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration?

a)

Most ATP production

b)

Breakdown of glucose

c)

Synthesis of DNA

d)

Production of oxygen

60.

In aerobic respiration, what serves as the final electron acceptor to yield water?

a)

O2 (oxygen)

b)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

c)

NADH

d)

Glucose

61.

In anaerobic respiration, molecules other than ______ serve as the final electron acceptor. (e.g., Nitrate)

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

glucose

d)

water

62.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Electron Transport Chain?

a)

It produces the least amount of ATP

b)

It pumps H+ across the membrane

c)

It does not involve electron carriers

d)

It only occurs in anaerobic conditions

63.

Electron carriers (Redox) pass electrons to the ultimate electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

In anaerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is NOT O2.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

Anaerobic respiration yields less energy than aerobic respiration.

a)

True

b)

False

66.

Fill in the blank: The electron acceptor SO42−SO4^{2-} in anaerobic respiration produces ________.

a)

H2S + H2O

b)

CO2 + H2O

c)

NO3−+H2ONO3^{-} + H2O

d)

O2 + H2O

67.

Fill in the blank: The electron acceptor CO32−CO3^{2-} in anaerobic respiration produces ________.

a)

CH4 + H2O

b)

CO2 + H2O

c)

O2 + H2O

d)

NO3−+H2ONO3^{-} + H2O

68.

What does the membrane maintain in chemiosmosis?

a)

Temperature gradient

b)

Electrochemical gradient

c)

Pressure gradient

d)

Light gradient

69.

The ETC creates a proton (H+) gradient, which results in potential energy known as _________.

a)

proton motive force

b)

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

chemiosmosis

d)

electron affinity

70.

Protons flow down the electrochemical gradient through ATP synthases, which phosphorylate ADP to ATP. This process is called _________.

a)

oxidative phosphorylation

b)

substrate-level phosphorylation

c)

photolysis

d)

glycolysis

71.

Approximately how many ATP molecules are formed from 1 glucose during chemiosmosis?

a)

2

b)

10

c)

38

d)

100

72.

According to the information provided, what is the approximate ATP yield by NADH during oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

1 ATP

b)

2 ATP

c)

3 ATP

d)

4 ATP

73.

According to the information provided, what is the approximate ATP yield by FADH2 during oxidative phosphorylation?

a)

1 ATP

b)

2 ATP

c)

3 ATP

d)

4 ATP

74.

Where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Fill in the blanks: The ETC occurs in the ________ of prokaryotes and the ________ of eukaryotes.

a)

plasma membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane

b)

cytoplasm; outer mitochondrial membrane

c)

cell wall; nucleus

d)

ribosome; endoplasmic reticulum

75.

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP and Pi?

a)

NADH

b)

FADH2

c)

ATP synthase

d)

Cyt c

76.

What are the reactants in the overall reaction of prokaryotic aerobic respiration?

a)

Glucose (C6H12O6), Oxygen (O2), ADP, and Pi

b)

Glucose (C6H12O6), Carbon dioxide (CO2), ATP, and H2O

c)

Oxygen (O2), NADH, and FADH2

d)

Glucose (C6H12O6), Oxygen (O2), and ATP

77.

How many ATP molecules are produced in prokaryotic aerobic respiration?

a)

38 ATP

b)

36 ATP

c)

32 ATP

d)

24 ATP

78.

How many ATP molecules are produced in eukaryotic aerobic respiration?

a)

36 ATP

b)

24 ATP

c)

18 ATP

d)

40 ATP

79.

Which of the following is a product of prokaryotic aerobic respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

ADP

80.

Fill in the blank: In the process of Glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are produced?

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

1 ATP

d)

8 ATP

81.

Fill in the blank: In the process of Glycolysis, which electron carriers are produced?

a)

2 NADH

b)

2 FADH2

c)

2 NADPH

d)

2 ATP

82.

In the Transitional reaction, how many ATP molecules are produced?

a)

0 ATP

b)

1 ATP

c)

2 ATP

d)

4 ATP

83.

Fill in the blank: In the Transitional reaction, which electron carriers are produced?

a)

2 NADH

b)

2 FADH2

c)

2 ATP

d)

2 NADPH

84.

In the Krebs cycle (x2 pyruvate), how many ATP molecules are produced?

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

6 ATP

d)

0 ATP

85.

Fill in the blank: In the Krebs cycle (x2 pyruvate), which electron carriers are produced?

a)

6 NADH, 2 FADH2

b)

4 NADH, 2 FADH2

c)

2 NADH, 2 FADH2

d)

6 NADH, 4 FADH2

86.

Why do cells require a constant source of NAD+?

a)

NAD+ is needed for cellular metabolic processes such as glycolysis and fermentation.

b)

NAD+ is required for the synthesis of DNA only.

c)

NAD+ is only used in photosynthesis in plant cells.

d)

NAD+ is necessary for the transport of oxygen in the blood.

87.

In respiration, what process regenerates NAD+ from NADH?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

c)

Fermentation

d)

Krebs Cycle

88.

Fermentation pathways provide cells with an alternate source of _______.

a)

NAD+

b)

ATP

c)

glucose

d)

oxygen

89.

What are the two main products formed from pyruvic acid during fermentation?

a)

Lactic acid and Acetaldehyde

b)

Lactic acid and Ethanol

c)

Ethanol and Glucose

d)

Acetaldehyde and Glucose

90.

Which organism is responsible for the production of CO2 and propionic acid in fermentation?

a)

Saccharomyces

b)

Propionibacterium

c)

Clostridium

d)

Escherichia Acetobacter

91.

Which fermentation product is associated with the production of Swiss cheese?

a)

Lactic acid

b)

Acetic acid

c)

CO2, propionic acid

d)

Acetone, isopropanol

92.

Fill in the blank: The fermentation product of Saccharomyces is _________

a)

CO2, ethanol

b)

lactic acid

c)

acetic acid

d)

butyric acid

93.

Which of the following products is made using lactic acid fermentation?

a)

Vinegar

b)

Cheddar cheese

c)

Beer

d)

Nail polish remover

94.

Fill in the blank: Vinegar is produced by the fermentation of ________ by Escherichia Acetobacter.

a)

acetic acid

b)

glucose

c)

ethanol

d)

lactic acid

95.

Which fermentation pathway is responsible for the production of nail polish remover and rubbing alcohol?

a)

Lactic acid fermentation

b)

Acetone, isopropanol fermentation

c)

CO2, ethanol fermentation

d)

Acetic acid fermentation

96.

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

a)

Aerobic Respiration

b)

Anaerobic Respiration

c)

Fermentation

d)

Both B and C

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