WorksheetsDiagnostic Imaging and Lameness Treatment Worksheet
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 53mins
What type of diagnostic imaging is most useful for getting information about bones?
Ultrasound
Radiographs (X-rays)
Bone Scans
MRI Scans
What is ultrasound most useful for imaging?
Deep bony structures
Soft tissue
Entire horse at once
Fractures
According to the text, what is often the most important treatment for lameness?
Medication
Rest
Shoeing changes
Supplements
What is one of the main goals of new treatments for lameness?
To mask the pain
To halt damage and encourage repair
To avoid rest
To replace traditional methods completely
What is the ultimate most effective treatment for any lameness problem based on?
The owner's preference
The most specific diagnosis
The veterinarian's experience alone
The cost of treatment
In a gait analysis, what do veterinarians look for?
The horse's breed
Changes in the normal gait
The owner's riding ability
The horse's color
What does "Down on Sound" refer to?
The horse lying down due to lameness
The horse's head going down when the sound limb contacts the ground
The horse making a sound when lame
A specific diagnosis of lameness
What is "Hip Hike"?
A training technique
Vertical displacement of the tuber coxae during trotting, indicating lameness
A type of jump
A breed of horse
How does lunging typically affect lameness?
Exacerbates hind limb lameness
Masks forelimb lameness
What is a Roman Nose?
A type of bridle
A rounded or convex shape of the bridge of the nose
A specific breed of horse
A type of facial marking
What is a potential consequence of a steep shoulder?
Increased flexibility
Decreased length of stride
Improved jumping ability
Enhanced speed
What does a narrow chest in a horse indicate?
Increased lung capacity
Legs that may interfere when the horse travels
Enhanced balance
Greater agility
What is a Mutton Withers?
High, sharp withers
Low, wide withers
Muscular withers
Blemished withers
What does a Sway Back indicate?
Strong topline
Weak topline
Flexible topline
Muscular topline
What is a Goose Rump?
A muscular rump
A rump that slopes sharply from croup to dock
A rounded rump
A level rump
What does a Shallow Heartgirth restrict?
Flexibility
Capacity for heart and lungs
Speed
Agility
What is the significance of being "Tied-in at the Knee"?
Strong tendons
Leg appears narrower at the base of the knee than at the fetlock
Increased flexibility
Reduced stress on the knee
What does Knock Knees (carpus valgus) in horses refer to?
What is a possible consequence of Bench Knees?
Decreased stress on splint bones
Increased stress on the inside splint bones
Improved knee flexibility
Enhanced balance
What are Sickle Hocks?
Insufficient angulation of the hock joint
Excessive angulation of the hock joint
Hocks that lie outside parallel lines
Hocks that are normal
What are Cow Hocks?
Hocks that are further apart than the fetlocks
Hocks that are closer together than the fetlocks
Hocks with insufficient angulation
Hocks with excessive muscling
What is the defect when the entire foreleg from the elbow down is too far under the body?
Standing out
Standing under
Bucked knee
Calf knee
What is the term for when the pasterns are too long and sloping?
Steep pasterns
Weak pasterns
Broken hoof/pastern angle
Coon foot
What is a Club Foot?
A foot with a low heel
An abnormally upright foot with a high heel and short toe
A foot with a broken hoof/pastern angle
A foot with a long toe
What is meant by "Base-Narrow"?
Legs are farther apart at the ground than at the top
Legs are closer together at the ground than at the top
Legs are normal
Legs are bowed
What is "Toe-Out" conformation also known as?
Pigeon Toed
Splay-Footed
Base-Narrow
Base-Wide
36. "Winging Out" is also known as:
Scapular Winging
Shoulder Droop
Elbow Lock
Wrist Drop
What is "Dishing" also known as?
Paddling
Winging In
Rope Walking
Interference
What is "Rope Walking" also known as?
Paddling
Plaiting
Winging In
Interference
What is Overreaching?
The forefoot strikes the heel of the hind foot
The hind foot strikes the heel of the forefoot
The toe of the hind foot strikes the sole of the forefoot
The toe of the forefoot strikes the coronet band of the hind foot
What is Forging?
The forefoot strikes the heel of the hind foot
The hind foot strikes the heel of the forefoot
The toe of the hind foot strikes the sole or shoe of the forefoot
What is Scalping?
The forefoot strikes the heel of the hind foot
The hind foot strikes the heel of the forefoot
The toe of the hind foot strikes the sole or shoe of the forefoot
The toe of the forefoot strikes the coronet band of the hind foot
What is the difference between an unsoundness and a blemish?
An unsoundness affects appearance, a blemish affects usefulness
A blemish affects appearance, an unsoundness affects usefulness
They are the same thing
A blemish is always curable
Which of the following is an example of a blemish?
Blindness
Bone Spavin
Healed wire cuts
Navicular Syndrome
What is Bog Spavin?
A bony enlargement on the hock
A soft swelling in the hock joint
Inflammation of the front side of the cannon bone
An infection of the withers
What is Bone Spavin?
A soft swelling in the hock joint
A bony enlargement on the inside and front lower hock
An enlargement of tendons behind the cannon
Inflammation of the withers
What is a Bowed Tendon?
A bony enlargement on the hock
A soft swelling in the hock joint
An enlargement of any or all of the tendons and ligaments behind the cannon
Inflammation of the front side of the cannon bone
What are Bucked Shins?
Enlargement of tendons behind the cannon
Soft swelling at the point of the elbow
Inflammation of the front side of the cannon bone
Swelling at the point of the hock
What is a Capped Elbow (Shoe Boil)?
Soft swelling at the point of the elbow
Soft swelling at the point of the hock
Enlargement of tendons behind the cannon
Inflammation of the front side of the cannon bone
What is a Capped Hock?
Soft swelling at the point of the elbow
Soft swelling at the point of the hock
What is Founder (Laminitis)?
Inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the foot
Difficulty in forcing air out of the lungs
A protrusion of an organ through the abdominal wall
A hereditary condition where the lower jaw is longer
What is Heaves/C.O.P.E.?
Inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the foot
Difficulty in forcing air out of the lungs
A protrusion of an organ through the abdominal wall
A hereditary condition where the lower jaw is longer
What is Navicular Syndrome?
A degeneration of the navicular bone
A bony enlargement on the fetlock joint
A hereditary condition where the lower jaw is longer
Inflammation between the ears
What are Osselets?
A degeneration of the navicular bone
A bony enlargement on the front side of the fetlock joint
A hereditary condition where the lower jaw is longer
Inflammation between the ears
What is Parrot Mouth?
A hereditary condition in which the lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw.
A hereditary condition in which the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw.
An inflamed area between the ears
A swelling of the front of the knee
What is Poll Evil?
A hereditary condition where the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw
A swelling of the front of the knee
An inflamed area between the ears
A deep crack in the area of the outside or inside quarter of the hoof
What is Popped Knee (Water on the Knee)?
A deep crack in the area of the outside or inside quarter of the hoof
A swelling of the front of the knee
A deep-seated inflammation of the hoof
A bony enlargement on the pastern region
What is Ringbone?
A deep crack in the area of the outside or inside quarter of the hoof
A deep-seated inflammation of the hoof
Bony enlargement(s) on the pastern region
A whistling or roaring sound when breathing
What is Roaring?
A deep crack in the hoof wall
A swelling of the front of the knee
A whistling or roaring sound when breathing
An inflamed area between the ears
What are Sidebone(s)?
Surface or shallow cracks in the hoof wall
Bony enlargement(s) above and to the rear of the hoof
A bony enlargement on the inside of the front cannon bone
A condition where the patella becomes displaced
What is a Splint?
A bony enlargement on the inside of the front cannon bone
A condition where the patella becomes displaced
An involuntary flexion of the hock
A weak, hollow top line
What is Stifled?
An involuntary flexion of the hock
A weak, hollow top line
Atrophy of the shoulder muscles
A condition where the patella becomes displaced and locks
What is Stringhalt?
An involuntary flexion of the hock causing an upward jerking motion
A weak, hollow top line
Atrophy of the shoulder muscles
A puffy swelling in the hollow above the hock joint
What is Thoroughpin?
An infectious condition of the frog of the hoof
A puffy swelling in the hollow above the hock joint
Atrophy of the shoulder muscles
A weak, hollow top line
What is Thrush?
An infectious condition of the frog of the hoof characterized by a black, foul-smelling discharge
A puffy swelling in the hollow above the hock joint
Atrophy of the shoulder muscles
A weak, hollow top line
What are Wind puffs (Windgalls)?
Puffy, fluid-filled swellings at the fetlock joint
A deep crack in the toe area of the hoof
An infectious condition of the frog of the hoof
A puffy swelling in the hollow above the hock joint
What is Sweeny?
Atrophy or shrinkage of the shoulder muscles
An infectious condition of the frog of the hoof
A puffy swelling in the hollow above the hock joint
A deep crack in the toe area of the hoof
Suprascapular nerve injury results in atrophy of which muscles?
Biceps brachii and triceps brachii
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Pectoral and latissimus dorsi
Gluteal and hamstring
What is the most common cause of Sweeny in horses today?
Poorly fitted harness collars
Repeated trauma to the shoulder region
Genetic predisposition
Old age
What clinical sign is often observed within 24 hours of a suprascapular nerve injury?
Flexion of the carpus
Pronounced lateral instability of the shoulder joint
Stifling
Head tilt
How long after injury does muscle atrophy usually become apparent following suprascapular nerve damage?
24 hours
3-5 days
10-14 days
1 month
What is the most common cause of primary inflammation of the intertubercular bursa (Bicipital bursitis)?
(a)
Where is the bicipital bursa located?
Between the radius and ulna
Between the bilobed tendon of the origin of biceps brachii muscle and the M-shaped tubercles at the cranioproximal aspect of the humerus
On the plantar aspect of the hock
Within the stifle joint
What is a typical clinical sign of bicipital bursitis?
Extended cranial phase of the stride
Decreased height of the foot flight arc
Increased carpal flexion
Increased weight bearing on the affected limb
How is bicipital bursitis typically diagnosed?
By observing the horse at rest
By palpating the shoulder region
By shoulder radiograph and ultrasound examination
By nerve blocks
What is a common conservative treatment for bicipital bursitis?
Immediate surgery
Rest and NSAIDs
Forced exercise
What is purulent omarthritis?
Inflammation of the intertubercular bursa
Purulent inflammation of the shoulder joint
Inflammation of the carpal joint
Inflammation of the elbow bursa
What is a common cause of purulent omarthritis in foals?
Trauma from kicks or penetrating wounds
Genetic predisposition
Overexertion
Poor nutrition
What are the symptoms of purulent omarthritis?
Normal gait
Weight-bearing on the affected limb
Fever and severe pain during joint manipulation
Decreased body temperature
What is a treatment for purulent omarthritis?
Blistering of the shoulder
Intra-articular and systemic injections of antibiotics
Forced exercise
Ignoring the condition
What is chronic omarthritis?
An acute bacterial infection of the shoulder joint
A degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of cartilage and bone
A parasitic infestation of the shoulder muscles
A congenital deformity of the shoulder joint
Which of the following can be an etiology of chronic omarthritis?
Distortions and contusions to the shoulder
Poor conformation
Osteochondritis dissecans
All of the above
What is a characteristic symptom of chronic omarthritis?
Chronic form of lameness
Short stride on the affected limb
Atrophy of shoulder muscles
All of the above
How is chronic omarthritis treated?
Blistering of the shoulder
Setons
Local anesthetics
All of the above
What is Olecranon Bursitis also known as?
Bog Spavin
Bone Spavin
What is the typical cause of olecranon bursitis?
Genetic abnormality
Trauma from contact of the horseshoe with the elbow
Viral infection
Parasitic infestation
What is a typical clinical sign of olecranon bursitis?
Lameness
Fluid within the bursa
Draining tracts
All of the above
How is olecranon bursitis diagnosed?
By palpation
By visual examination
By ultrasonographic exam
By nerve blocks
How is olecranon bursitis treated?
Drainage and injection with a corticosteroid
Strict aseptic technique
Surgical drainage
All of the above
What is radial paralysis?
Inability to extend the elbow, carpus and digit
Inability to flex the elbow, carpus and digit
Inflammation of the carpal joint
Degeneration of the navicular bone
What is the most common cause of radial nerve paralysis?
Genetics
Trauma to the shoulder region
Nutritional deficiency
Viral infection
What are the treatments for radial paralysis?
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Stall rest
Application of bandage splint
All of the above
What is carpitis?
Acute or chronic inflammation of the carpal joint
Degeneration of the navicular bone
Inflammation of the intertubercular bursa
Atrophy of shoulder muscles
Which type of horse is most prone to carpitis?
(a)
What are some causes of carpitis?
Exercise-induced sprain of ligaments
Poor conformation
Incorrect alignment of the knees
All of the above
What are the symptoms of carpitis?
Swelling of the knee joint
Joint hot to the touch
Lameness
All of the above
What is palmar deviation of the carpus also known as?
Bucked knees
Goat Knees
Calf knees
All of the above
What is dorsal deviation of the carpus also known as?
Bucked knees
Knee-sprung
Goat knees
All of the above
What is medial deviation of the carpus also known as?
Knock knees
Carpus valgus
Knee-narrow conformation
All of the above
What is lateral deviation of the carpus also known as?
Bowlegs
Carpal varus
Bandy-legged conformation
All of the above
What is bench knee conformation?
Cannon bone is offset to the lateral side
Cannon bone is offset to the medial side
Knee is hyperextended
Knee is contracted
What is hygroma of the knee?
Distension of subcutaneous bursa in front of the knee
Distension of subcutaneous bursa behind the knee
Inflammation of the carpal joint
Degeneration of the navicular bone
The causes of hygroma of the knee include:
Repeated trauma or friction over the knee
Bacterial infection of the joint
Congenital bone deformity
Viral infection
What is the most common cause of hygroma of the knee?
Genetics
Trauma
Infection
Degeneration
How is hygroma of the knee diagnosed?
Clinical signs and symptoms
Radiography
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
What is a treatment for hygroma of the knee?
Extirpation of hygroma of the knee
Surgical drainage
Antibiotics
Forced exercise
What is the name of the operation for blemished knee in equine?
Cherry’s Operation
Smith’s Operation
Jones’ Operation
Davis’ Operation
Where is the site of Cherry's operation?
Lateral surface of the knee
Medial surface of the knee
Anterior surface of the knee
What is the carpus in a horse?
The hock
The stifle
The knee
The hip
What are the types of fractures that can occur within the carpal joints?
Osteochondral fragmentation
Slab fracture
Comminuted fracture
All of the above
