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Earth Science Regents Review AUG

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 7hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
An INTRUSIVE igneous rock with large crystals is formed:
a)
When magma cools quickly. 
b)
At the bottom of the ocean. 
c)
When magma cools slowly, allowing time for crystals to grow. 
d)
At the top of a mountain. 
2.
Which will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart? 
a)
volcanic island arc
b)
continental mountains
c)
continental rift
d)
oceanic trench 
3.
Which natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?
a)
movement of tectonic plates
b)
deep ocean currents
c)
seasonal changes
d)
day and night 
4.
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a)
trench
b)
ocean ridge
c)
Volcanic Island Arc
d)
Continental Volcanic Arc
5.
Use the latitude/longitude map below to answer the next few questions.

What is the location of point B?
a)
60° W, 120° N
b)
60° N, 120°E
c)
60° N, 120° W
d)
60° S, 120° N
6.
When looking at the hill on the right, which side of the hill is steeper? The right hand side or the left hand side?
a)
Right
b)
Left
7.
The major greenhouse gas(es)
a)
carbon dioxide and water vapor
b)
aerosols/CFC's
c)
manure
d)
sulfur dioxide
8.
Which statement best explains why stars viewed from the Northern Hemisphere appear to revolve around Polaris?
a)
Polaris rotates on its axis
b)
Earth rotates on its axis.
c)
 Polaris revolves around Earth.
d)
Earth revolves around Polaris.
9.
The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?
a)
100%
b)
70%
c)
50% 
d)
25% 
10.
The deflection of prevailing winds and ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called
a)
eccentricity
b)
refraction 
c)
 the Coriolis effect
d)
 the Doppler effect
11.
Earth’s rate of revolution is approximately
a)
1° per day
b)
15° per day
c)
23.5° per day
d)
360° per day
12.
The asteroid Ceres lies at an average distance of 414 million kilometers from the Sun. The period of revolution of Ceres around the Sun is approximately
a)
438 days 
b)
 687 days 
c)
4.6 years
d)
12.6 years
13.
Which planet has a density that is less than the density of liquid water?
a)
Mercury
b)
Earth
c)
Mars 
d)
Saturn 
14.
Which diagram best represents the relative wavelengths of visible light, ultraviolet energy, and infrared energy?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
15.
The graph shows the yearly air temperature and precipitation of a location on Earth.  This location would be most likely at a latitude of
a)
b)
35° S 
c)
 50° N
d)
 90° N
16.
The map shows a stream. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on the stream surface. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow.  Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and A
17.
What would most likely reduce the amount of runoff at location B?
a)
infiltration occurring faster than precipitation
b)
greater condensation than evaporation
c)
saturated soil below the land surface
d)
a frozen land surface
18.
The downward movement of water from location A will usually be greatest when the soil is
a)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly small in size
b)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly large in size
c)
porous and the particles are uniformly small in size
d)
porous and the particles are uniformly large in size
19.
The greatest amount of transpiration and evaporation will occur most likely when the air temperature is
a)
low and the humidity is low
b)
low and the humidity is high
c)
high and the humidity is low
d)
high and the humidity is high
20.
What is the largest type of sediment that could be transported at location B?
a)
silt
b)
sand
c)
pebbles
d)
cobbles
21.
Where do deltas form?
a)
in desert areas
b)
on the banks of rivers
c)
at river mouths
d)
in valleys formed by glaciers
22.
In sea-floor spreading the newest rock is found
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
trench
c)
abyssal plain
23.
What type of plate boundary created the Himalaya mountains?
a)
Continent-Continent Divergent
b)
Continent-Ocean Convergent
c)
Ocean-Ocean Convergent
d)
Continent-Continent Convergent
24.
What 2 air masses meet to form tornado alley?
a)
maritime tropical & continental polar
b)
maritime continental & continental polar
c)
martime tropical & maritime contental
d)
arctic & polar
25.
In which of these general areas would you expect sinkholes to occur? 
a)
Divergent tectonic plate boundaries such as mid-ocean ridges and continental rifts 
b)
Anywhere there are slopes 
c)
Areas with limestone formations and water flowing underground 
d)
Near tectonic plate boundaries involving subduction, such as the Pacific’s Ring of Fire
26.
1.1.2  Which of the following is true about the Earth’s axis, the Earth’s revolution around the Sun, and the seasons? 
a)
Changes in the direction of the Earth’s axis cause the seasons 
b)
The Earth’s axis keeps pointing in the same direction, and as Earth travels around the Sun, the angle between the axis and the Sun changes, causing the seasons. 
c)
Seasons are caused by the Earth’s elliptical orbit and its being closer to the Sun in January than it is in July 
d)
Seasons are caused by the position of the moon relative to the Sun
27.
What kind of tide is being experience here?
a)
Neap high tide
b)
Neap low tide
c)
Spring high tide
d)
Spring low tide
28.
Which location is most likely experiencing the greatest wind speeds? 
a)
Location A
b)
Location B
c)
Location C
d)
Location D
29.
Pieces of lead, copper, iron, and granite, each having a mass of 1 kilogram and a temperature of 100ºC, were removed from a container of boiling water and allowed to cool under identical conditions. Which piece most likely cooled to room temperature first?
a)
copper
b)
lead
c)
iron
d)
granite
30.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory and the expansion of the universe is the observation of wavelengths of stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
red shift and are moving away
b)
red shift and moving towards
c)
blue shift and moving away
d)
blue shift and moving towards
31.
A Foucault pendulum appears to change its directions of swing because Earth
a)
is tilted on its axis
b)

is spinning (rotating) on its axis

c)
has a curved surface
d)
has a density of 5.5 g/cm3
32.
The modern heliocentric model of planetary motion states that the planets travel around
a)
the Sun in slightly elliptical orbits
b)
the Sun in circular orbits
c)
Earth is slightly elliptical orbits
d)
Earth in circular orbits
33.
Which soil characteristic allows greater amounts of water retention?
a)
large-size particles
b)
small-size particles
c)
high-density particles
d)
low-density particles
34.
A paved blacktop parking lot was built on what was once a soil-covered field. The area will now experience increased runoff when rain occurs because the parking lot has
a)
less capillarity
b)
greater infiltration
c)
greater porosity
d)
less permeability
35.

Which processes of the water cycle returns water vapor directly to the atmosphere?

a)
evpaoration and transpiration
b)
infiltration and capillarity
c)
freezing and precipitation
d)
water retention and runoff
36.
Evidence supports the idea that increases in carbon dioxide and methane in Earth’s atmosphere are major contributors to global warming. This is based primarily on the fact that carbon dioxide and methane are excellent absorbers of
a)
gamma rays
b)
visible light
c)
infrared radiation
d)
microwaves
37.
Which agent of erosion most likely formed the drumlins and finger lakes in New York State?
a)
running water
b)
moving ice
c)
wave action
d)
mass movement
38.
What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers?
a)
a decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth
b)
the gravitational pull on materials of varying densities
c)
variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth’s tilt
d)
collisions with meteors and comets
39.
Which motion causes the constellation Orion to be visible at midnight from New York State in winter but not in summer?
a)
rotation of Earth
b)
rotation of Orion
c)
revolution of Earth
d)
revolution of Orion
40.
Which event temporarily slows or reverses surface ocean currents in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, causing a disruption of normal weather patterns?
a)
tsunami
b)
El Niño
c)
volcanic eruption
d)
deforestation
41.
Cloud formation is likely to occur in rising airbecause rising air
a)
expands and cools
b)
expands and warms
c)
contracts and warms
d)
contracts and cools
42.
An INTRUSIVE igneous rock with large crystals is formed:
a)
When magma cools quickly. 
b)
At the bottom of the ocean. 
c)
When magma cools slowly, allowing time for crystals to grow. 
d)
At the top of a mountain. 
43.
Which will most likely form when movement along a plate boundary forces a landmass to be pulled apart? 
a)
volcanic island arc
b)
continental mountains
c)
continental rift
d)
oceanic trench 
44.
Which natural phenomenon occurs as a result of Earth rotating on its axis?
a)
movement of tectonic plates
b)
deep ocean currents
c)
seasonal changes
d)
day and night 
45.
What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a)
trench
b)
ocean ridge
c)
Volcanic Island Arc
d)
Continental Volcanic Arc
46.
The major greenhouse gas(es)
a)
carbon dioxide and water vapor
b)
aerosols/CFC's
c)
manure
d)
sulfur dioxide
47.
Which statement best explains why stars viewed from the Northern Hemisphere appear to revolve around Polaris?
a)
Polaris rotates on its axis
b)
Earth rotates on its axis.
c)
 Polaris revolves around Earth.
d)
Earth revolves around Polaris.
48.
The hydrosphere covers approximately what percentage of Earth’s lithosphere?
a)
100%
b)
70%
c)
50% 
d)
25% 
49.
The deflection of prevailing winds and ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called
a)
eccentricity
b)
refraction 
c)
 the Coriolis effect
d)
 the Doppler effect
50.
Earth’s rate of revolution is approximately
a)
1° per day
b)
15° per day
c)
23.5° per day
d)
360° per day
51.
The map shows a stream. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on the stream surface. Arrows represent the direction of stream flow.  Which two locations have the greatest stream velocities?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and A
52.
What would most likely reduce the amount of runoff at location B?
a)
infiltration occurring faster than precipitation
b)
greater condensation than evaporation
c)
saturated soil below the land surface
d)
a frozen land surface
53.
The downward movement of water from location A will usually be greatest when the soil is
a)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly small in size
b)
nonporous and the particles are uniformly large in size
c)
porous and the particles are uniformly small in size
d)
porous and the particles are uniformly large in size
54.
The greatest amount of transpiration and evaporation will occur most likely when the air temperature is
a)
low and the humidity is low
b)
low and the humidity is high
c)
high and the humidity is low
d)
high and the humidity is high
55.
Where do deltas form?
a)
in desert areas
b)
on the banks of rivers
c)
at river mouths
d)
in valleys formed by glaciers
56.
In sea-floor spreading the newest rock is found
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
trench
c)
abyssal plain
57.
In which of these general areas would you expect sinkholes to occur? 
a)
Divergent tectonic plate boundaries such as mid-ocean ridges and continental rifts 
b)
Anywhere there are slopes 
c)
Areas with limestone formations and water flowing underground 
d)
Near tectonic plate boundaries involving subduction, such as the Pacific’s Ring of Fire
58.
What kind of tide is being experience here?
a)
Neap high tide
b)
Neap low tide
c)
Spring high tide
d)
Spring low tide
59.
Which location is most likely experiencing the greatest wind speeds? 
a)
Location A
b)
Location B
c)
Location C
d)
Location D
60.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory and the expansion of the universe is the observation of wavelengths of stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
red shift and are moving away
b)
red shift and moving towards
c)
blue shift and moving away
d)
blue shift and moving towards
61.
Which motion occurs at a rate of approximately
one degree per day?
a)
the Moon revolving around Earth
b)
 the Moon rotating on its axis
c)
Earth revolving around the Sun
d)
Earth rotating on its axis
62.
If the tilt of Earth’s axis were increased from
23.5° to 30°, summers in New York State would
become
a)
cooler, and winters would become cooler
b)
cooler, and winters would become warmer
c)
warmer, and winters would become cooler
d)
warmer, and winters would become warm
63.
Which object in space emits light because it
releases energy produced by nuclear fusion?
a)
Earth’s Moon
b)
Halley’s comet
c)
Venus
d)
Polaris
64.
A major piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang
theory is the observation that wavelengths of
light from stars in distant galaxies show a
a)
redshift, appearing to be shorter
b)
redshift, appearing to be longer
c)
blueshift, appearing to be shorter
d)
blueshift, appearing to be longer
65.
When snow cover on the land melts, the water
will most likely become surface runoff if the
land surface is
a)
frozen
b)
porous
c)
grass covered
d)
unconsolidated gravel
66.

What is the time in Boston when it is 11 a.m. in San Diego?

a)

8 a.m.

b)

2 p.m.

c)

3 p.m.

d)

noon

67.

The timeline below represents the entire geologic history of Earth. The lettered dots on the timeline represent events in Earth's history. Which lettered dot best indicates the geologic time when humans first appeared on Earth?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

68.

What is the approximate location of the Tasman Hot Spot in the Pacific Ocean?

a)

36° N 160° W

b)

36° S 160° E

c)

160° N 36° W

d)

160° S 36° E

69.

Most ozone is found in a region of Earth's atmosphere between 10 and 20 miles above Earth's surface. This temperature zone of the atmosphere is known as the...?

a)

thermosphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

stratosphere

d)

troposphere

70.

The Coriolis effect, which causes the curving of planetary winds, is a direct result of the...?

a)

distance between Earth and the Sun

b)

inclination of Earth's axis

c)

orbiting of Earth around the Sun

d)

spinning of Earth on its axis

71.

What is the dewpoint if the dry-bulb temperature is 18°C and the relative humidity is 64%?

a)

14°C

b)

11°C

c)

9°C

d)

4°C

72.

When one gram of liquid water at its boiling point is changed into water vapor,

a)

334 J/g is gained from the surrounding environment.

b)

334 J/g is released into the surrounding environment.

c)

2260 J/g is gained from the surrounding environment.

d)

2260 J/g is released into the surrounding environment.

73.

Which index fossil in sedimentary surface bedrock most likely indicates that a marine environment once existed in the region where the sediments were deposited?

a)

Mastodont

b)

Condor

c)

Eospirifer

d)

Coelophysis

74.

Which Earth surface would most likely absorb the greatest amount of insolation on a sunny day if all of these surfaces have equal areas?

a)

blacktop parking lot

b)

white sand beach

c)

surface of a calm lake

d)

snow covered mountain slope

75.

The X on the map below indicates the region where the state of Washington is located on the present-day North American continent. During which geologic period was the region of Washington State closest to the equator?

a)

Cretaceous

b)

Triassic

c)

Mississippian

d)

Ordovician

76.

The cross sections below represent two widely separated bedrock outcrops, 1 and 2. Letters A, B, C, and D identify some rock layers. Line XY represents a fault. The rock layers have not been overturned. What lettered rock layer is the youngest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

77.

Compared to a landscape that develops in a cool, dry climate, a landscape that develops in a warm, rainy climate will most likely weather and erode...?

a)

slower, so the landforms are more angular

b)

slower, so the landforms are more rounded

c)

faster, so the landforms are more angular

d)

faster, so the landforms are more rounded

78.

Earth's crustal bedrock at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is composed mostly of...?

a)

basalt, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3

b)

basalt, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3

c)

granite, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3

d)

granite, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3

79.

A seismic recording station located 4000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake received the first P-wave at 7:10:00 p.m. (h:min:s). Other information that could be determined from this recording was that the earthquake occurred at approximately...?

a)

7:03:00 p.m., and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40 p.m.

b)

7:03:00 p.m., and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40 p.m.

c)

7:17:00 p.m., and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:12:40 p.m.

d)

7:17:00 p.m., and the S-wave arrived at this station at 7:15:40 p.m.

80.

The aerial photograph below shows an elongated hill near the Finger Lakes formed by glacial deposition in New York State. This elongated hill is best identified as a...?

a)

kettle

b)

moraine

c)

sand dune

d)

drumlin

81.

The photograph below shows a valley glacier altering the landscape. The result of this glacial action will be a...?

a)

U-shaped valley with scratched and grooved bedrock

b)

U-shaped valley with well-sorted, rounded sediment

c)

V-shaped valley with scratched and grooved bedrock

d)

V-shaped valley with well-sorted, rounded sediment

82.

Which element is always found in bioclastic sedimentary rocks?

a)

iron

b)

sodium

c)

carbon

d)

sulfur

83.

Which two rocks contain the mineral quartz?

a)

gabbro and schist

b)

dunite and sandstone

c)

granite and gneiss

d)

pumice and scoria

84.

Which chemical formula represents the composition of a mineral that usually exhibits fracture, not cleavage?

a)

Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

b)

NaCl

c)

CaCO3

d)

(Fe,Mg)2SiO4

85.

Which mineral is commonly used as the "lead" in pencils?

a)

pyrite

b)

graphite

c)

galena

d)

fluorite

86.

The diagram represents Earth orbiting the Sun. Four positions of Earth in its orbit are labeled A, B, C, and D. Letter N represents the North Pole. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth when the Earth is in its farthest position from the Sun?

a)

winter

b)

spring

c)

summer

d)

fall

87.

What is the tilt of Earth's rotational axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit?

a)

15°

b)

23.5°

c)

66.5°

d)

90°

88.

The map shows a composite of Doppler radar images. Darker shadings indicate the precipitation pattern of a large storm system over the eastern United States. The surface wind circulation pattern around the center of this storm system is...?

a)

inward and clockwise

b)

inward and counterclockwise

c)

outward and clockwise

d)

outward and counterclockwise

89.

Which type of plate boundary is represented at point A?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

d)

complex

90.

What are the names of the major tectonic plates X and Y?

a)

X = Eurasian Plate;

Y = African Plate

b)

X = Eurasian Plate;

Y = Arabian Plate

c)

X = Indian-Australian Plate;

Y = African Plate

d)

X = Indian-Australian Plate;

Y = Arabian Plate

91.

The photograph shows a sandstone erosional feature that formed near the Grand Canyon, in southwestern United States. Which erosional agent is most likely sandblasting this rock formation?

a)

wind

b)

waves

c)

running water

d)

moving ice

92.

The photograph shows a sandstone erosional feature that formed near the Grand Canyon, in southwestern United States. What is the range of grain sizes that are most commonly found in rock making up this feature?

a)

0.0004 cm – 0.006 cm

b)

0.006 cm – 0.2 cm

c)

0.2 cm – 6.4 cm

d)

6.4 cm – 25.6 cm

93.

The data table shows the projected percentages of radioactive isotope X remaining and its disintegration product Z forming over 6.5 billion years. Identify radioactive isotope X.

(a)  

94.

The data table shows the projected percentages of radioactive isotope X remaining and its disintegration product Z forming over 6.5 billion years. Calculate the amount, in grams, of an original 300-gram sample of radioactive isotope X remaining after 3.9 billion years.

(a)  

95.

State the relative humidity at Albany when the air temperature is equal to the dewpoint.

(a)  

96.

The diagram represents the apparent path of the Sun across the sky as seen by an observer on Earth's surface on June 21. State the number of daylight hours at this location on September 23.

(a)  

97.

The Sun's apparent movement through the sky is caused by Earth's rotation. Identify the device that was used to first demonstrate that Earth rotates.

(a)  

98.

Identify the name of the depositional feature labeled C.

(a)  

99.

Identify one process that formed the sedimentary rock layers represented in the diagram.

(a)  

100.

State the name of one metamorphic rock that is most likely found in the zone of contact metamorphism at location X.

(a)  

101.


The graph below shows changing ocean tide heights in feet (ft) on April 7 for a coastal location.

The next high tide will occur on April 8 at approximately...

a)

10 a.m.

b)

10 p.m.

c)

3 a.m.

d)

3 p.m.

102.


Which star type has a surface temperature of 4000 K and a luminosity 1000 times greater than the Sun?

a)

dwarf

b)

main sequence

c)

giant

d)

supergiant

103.

The red shift in light from stars located in very distant galaxies suggests that these stars are...

a)

decreasing in temperature

b)

increasing in temperature

c)

moving toward the Milky Way

d)

moving away from the Milky Way

104.

Which surface ocean current cools the climate of the western coastline of South America?

a)

Brazil Current

b)

Peru Current

c)

Falkland Current

d)

California Current

105.

When equal masses of ice and liquid water receive the same amount of energy, without a change in state, the ice changes temperature faster than the liquid water does because the...

a)

specific heat of ice is less than the specific heat of liquid water

b)

specific heat of ice is greater than the specific heat of liquid water

c)

density of ice is less than the density of liquid water

d)

density of ice is greater than the density of liquid water

106.

Which layer of Earth's interior is inferred to be composed of solid iron and nickel?

a)

asthenosphere

b)

stiffer mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

107.

The diagram represents the elliptical orbit for one planet in our solar system. The two foci of the orbit are shown as the Sun and F2.

Which condition would produce an orbit with a greater eccentricity?

a)

a decrease in the distance between the Sun and F2

b)

an increase in the distance between the Sun and F2

c)

a constant decrease in the orbital velocity of the planet

d)

a constant increase in the orbital velocity of the planet

108.


The map below shows two locations, labeled A and B, separated by a mountain range. The locations are at the same elevation. The arrow represents the direction of prevailing winds.

Compared to the climate at location A, the climate at location B is most likely...

a)


warmer and drier

b)


warmer and wetter

c)


cooler and drier

d)


cooler and wetter

109.

In which planetary wind belt do most storms move toward the northeast?

a)

30° N to 60° N

b)

0° to 30° N

c)

0° to 30° S

d)

30° S to 60° S

110.

As altitude increases in the troposphere and stratosphere, the air temperature...

a)


decreases in the troposphere and increases in the stratosphere

b)


decreases in both the troposphere and stratosphere

c)

increases in the troposphere and decreases in the stratosphere

d)

increases in both the troposphere and stratosphere

111.

Which sequence of stars is listed in order of increasing luminosity?

a)

Spica, Rigel, Deneb, Betelgeuse

b)

Polaris, Deneb, 40 Eridani B, Proxima Centauri

c)

Barnards Star, Alpha Centauri, Rigel, Spica

d)

Procyon B, Sun, Sirius, Betelgeuse

112.

Which table best lists the differences between a terrestrial planet and a Jovian planet in our solar system?

a)

b)

c)

d)

113.

The graph below shows changing ocean tide heights in feet (ft) on April 7 for a coastal location.

The next high tide will occur on April 8 at approximately...

a)

10 a.m.

b)

10 p.m.

c)

3 a.m.

d)

3 p.m.

114.

The diagram represents how Moon phases will appear to an observer in New York State during the month of April 2024.

Which diagram below best represents the positions of the Sun (S) and Earth (E), and the orbital position of the Moon (M) on April 12? [Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

a)

b)

c)

d)

115.

The diagram below represents the Moon at one position in its orbit around Earth. The numbers represent locations on Earth's surface.

At which numbered location would high tide be occurring when the Moon is in the location shown in the diagram?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4