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Chapter 35 Endocrine System

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The location of each endocrine gland is:

a)

Scattered throughout the body in specific regions

b)

Only in the digestive system

c)

Exclusively in the brain

d)

Found only in the limbs

2.

The principal actions and target tissues for hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreas glands include:

a)

Regulation of metabolism, growth, stress response, calcium balance, and blood glucose levels in various tissues such as bones, kidneys, liver, and muscles.

b)

Only controlling voluntary muscle movement in the limbs.

c)

Exclusively regulating heart rate and blood pressure.

d)

Producing digestive enzymes for the stomach only.

3.

The effects of the thyroid hormones can be summarized as:

a)

Increasing metabolic rate and promoting growth and development

b)

Decreasing metabolic rate and inhibiting growth

c)

Suppressing the immune system and reducing energy production

d)

Causing muscle atrophy and lowering body temperature

4.

Care for common diagnostic tests for the endocrine system involves which of the following?

a)

Monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

b)

Administering antibiotics before the test

c)

Restricting all fluids for 24 hours

d)

Avoiding all physical activity for a week

5.

Fill in the blank: One clinical practice objective is to assess for specific ______-related changes of the endocrine system in an older adult.

a)

age

b)

gender

c)

diet

d)

exercise

6.

Fill in the blank: One clinical practice objective is to teach patients about the ______ tests that might be performed for symptoms of endocrine disorders.

a)

diagnostic

b)

nutritional

c)

surgical

d)

recreational

7.

Fill in the blank: One clinical practice objective is to perform a focused ______ on a patient who possibly has an endocrine disorder.

a)

assessment

b)

surgery

c)

prescription

d)

diagnosis

8.

Fill in the blank: One clinical practice objective is to distinguish appropriate nursing diagnoses and ______ for problems common to patients with endocrine disorders.

a)

interventions

b)

medications

c)

diagnoses

d)

procedures

9.

Which of the following is an organ of the endocrine system?

a)

Pituitary gland

b)

Liver

c)

Stomach

d)

Kidney

10.

Which of the following glands is part of the endocrine system?

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Spleen

c)

Gallbladder

d)

Appendix

11.

Which of the following is an organ of the endocrine system?

a)

Parathyroid glands

b)

Lungs

c)

Esophagus

d)

Bladder

12.

Which of the following glands is part of the endocrine system?

a)

Adrenal glands

b)

Tonsils

c)

Colon

d)

Ureter

13.

Which of the following is an organ of the endocrine system?

a)

Pancreas (Beta cells)

b)

Large intestine

c)

Trachea

d)

Rectum

14.

Which of the following is part of the endocrine system?

a)

A) Ovaries and testes

b)

B) Kidneys

c)

C) Bladder

d)

D) Liver

15.

Which of the following glands is part of the endocrine system?

a)

Pineal gland

b)

Prostate

c)

Cecum

d)

Uvula

16.

Which of the following is an organ of the endocrine system?

a)

Thymus gland

b)

Appendix

c)

Duodenum

d)

Gallbladder

17.

Which of the following is part of the endocrine system?

a)

Heart

b)

Pancreas (Alpha cells)

c)

Spleen

d)

Kidney

18.

Fill in the blank: The ______ is an organ of the endocrine system that has both anterior and posterior glands.

a)

Pituitary gland

b)

Thyroid gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pineal gland

19.

Refer to the diagram of Major Endocrine Glands. Which gland is located at the base of the brain?

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Pituitary gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pancreas

20.

Refer to the diagram of Major Endocrine Glands. The gland located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland is called the ________.

a)

Parathyroid gland

b)

Pituitary gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pineal gland

21.

Refer to the diagram of Major Endocrine Glands. The gland responsible for producing insulin is the ________.

a)

Pancreas

b)

Thyroid gland

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Pituitary gland

22.

The thymus is located in the chest, above the heart.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Fill in the blank: The primary function of the endocrine system is to release ________ directly into the bloodstream to targeted cells/tissues.

a)

hormones

b)

enzymes

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

antibodies

24.

Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system?

a)

Alter chemical reactions and control the rates at which chemical activities take place within cells

b)

Provide structural support to bones

c)

Aid in digestion of food

d)

Transport oxygen in the blood

25.

Fill in the blank: The endocrine system changes the ________ of cell membranes and selects the substances that can be transported across cell membranes.

a)

permeability

b)

temperature

c)

color

d)

shape

26.

Which body processes does the endocrine system control that occur slowly?

a)

A) Cellular growth and reproduction

b)

B) Muscle contraction

c)

C) Reflex actions

d)

D) Blood clotting

27.

Fill in the blank: In negative feedback, when a hormone is in short supply, the body will _______.

a)

synthesize & release hormone

b)

stop all hormone production

c)

increase hormone breakdown

d)

ignore the shortage

28.

Fill in the blank: In negative feedback, when the target tissue's hormone need is satisfied, hormone production/secretion is _______.

a)

inhibited

b)

stimulated

c)

unchanged

d)

accelerated

29.

Which of the following is a step in the negative feedback mechanism?

a)

Hormone in short supply

b)

Hormone in excess

c)

No change in hormone levels

d)

Hormone destroyed

30.

Fill in the blank: In negative feedback, when hormone production/secretion is inhibited, it means the _______ is satisfied.

a)

target tissue hormone need

b)

blood sugar level

c)

enzyme activity

d)

nervous system response

31.

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for tissue growth is _______.

a)

GH (Growth Hormone)

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Adrenaline

32.

Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones is _______.

a)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

b)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

c)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

d)

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

33.

Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortical hormones is _______.

a)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

b)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

c)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

d)

GH (Growth Hormone)

34.

Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates the testis to produce testosterone and sperm is _______.

a)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

b)

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

c)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

d)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

35.

Fill in the blank: The hormone that stimulates the ovary to produce estrogen, progesterone, and ova is _______.

a)

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

b)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

c)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

d)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

36.

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for breast glandular tissue and lactation is _______.

a)

PRL (Prolactin)

b)

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

c)

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

d)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

37.

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for kidney water reabsorption is _______.

a)

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Adrenaline

38.

Fill in the blank: The hormone responsible for uterine contraction is _______.

a)

Oxytocin

b)

Insulin

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Thyroxine

39.

The posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones, it stores and then releases _______ and ADH which are produced in the hypothalamus.

a)

oxytocin

b)

insulin

c)

thyroxine

d)

prolactin

40.

Which of the following hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?

a)

Oxytocin and ADH

b)

Insulin and Glucagon

c)

Thyroxine and Calcitonin

d)

Estrogen and Progesterone

41.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) targets the ________.

a)

kidney

b)

liver

c)

lungs

d)

stomach

42.

Which hormone increases water reabsorption?

a)

Oxytocin

b)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

c)

Insulin

d)

Glucagon

43.

ADH deficiency causes ________.

a)

Diabetes Insipidus

b)

Diabetes Mellitus

c)

Addison's Disease

d)

Graves' Disease

44.

Excessive secretion of ADH causes ________.

a)

SIADH

b)

Diabetes insipidus

c)

Addison's disease

d)

Graves' disease

45.

Oxytocin targets the ________ and mammary glands.

a)

Uterus

b)

Kidneys

c)

Liver

d)

Lungs

46.

Which hormone increases uterine contractions?

a)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Prolactin

d)

Insulin

47.

Oxytocin stimulates the ejection of ________ from the mammary glands.

a)

milk

b)

blood

c)

saliva

d)

urine

48.

Fill in the blank: The thyroid gland secretes the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and ________.

a)

thyrocalcitonin

b)

insulin

c)

adrenaline

d)

glucagon

49.

Which of the following is NOT a function of thyroid hormones?

a)

Activate the cellular production of heat

b)

Stimulate protein and lipid synthesis

c)

Inhibit the manufacture of coenzymes from vitamins

d)

Stimulate the degradation (breakdown) of proteins and lipids

50.

Fill in the blank: Thyroid hormones regulate many aspects of ________ metabolism and affect tissue response to epinephrine and norepinephrine.

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

mineral

51.

What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete in response to stress or low blood glucose?

a)

ACTH-releasing hormone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Insulin

52.

What is the effect of ACTH on the adrenal cortex?

a)

Secretes cortisol

b)

Secretes aldosterone

c)

Secretes insulin

d)

Secretes glucagon

53.

The anterior pituitary secretes ______ in response to ACTH-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

a)

ACTH

b)

TSH

c)

GH

d)

FSH

54.

Refer to the diagram showing the effects of epinephrine and control mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT an effect of cortisol on target tissues?

a)

Increase blood glucose

b)

Increase protein metabolism

c)

Anti-inflammatory

d)

Increase potassium concentration

55.

Which hormone targets most body cells?

a)

Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine

b)

Insulin

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Glucagon

56.

Which hormone increases metabolic rate?

a)

Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine

b)

Insulin

c)

Cortisol

d)

Oxytocin

57.

Which hormone is essential for normal growth and development?

a)

Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine

b)

Insulin

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Glucagon

58.

Which hormone targets the bone?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Insulin

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Glucagon

59.

Which hormone decreases blood calcium by inhibiting bone breakdown and release of calcium?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Parathyroid hormone

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Cortisol

60.

Calcitonin is antagonistic to which hormone?

a)

Parathyroid hormone

b)

Insulin

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Adrenaline

61.

What is goiter?

a)

An overgrowth of the thyroid

b)

A deficiency of calcium

c)

A type of heart disease

d)

A lung infection

62.

Goiter may be prevented by sufficient intake of _______.

a)

iodine

b)

calcium

c)

iron

d)

vitamin C

63.

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic method for goiter?

a)

Thyroid panel

b)

Parathyroid function—serum calcium and phosphate levels

c)

Adrenal gland function—electrolyte panels, glucose levels, hormone levels, and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

d)

Blood pressure measurement

64.

Which diagnostic test checks the function of the parathyroid in goiter diagnosis?

a)

Serum calcium and phosphate levels

b)

Blood pressure

c)

X-ray

d)

Urine test

65.

What hormone is produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Parathormone (parathyroid hormone)

c)

Insulin

d)

Thyroxine

66.

Parathormone targets which of the following systems?

a)

Bones, kidney, and digestive system

b)

Respiratory and nervous system

c)

Muscular and integumentary system

d)

Circulatory and reproductive system

67.

Calcitonin, released by the thyroid gland, is the balance to which hormone?

a)

Parathormone (parathyroid hormone)

b)

Insulin

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Thyroxine

68.

The parathyroid glands help regulate the plasma level of ________.

a)

calcium

b)

glucose

c)

potassium

d)

cholesterol

69.

According to the diagram, high calcium levels inhibit the release of parathormone.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla (middle portion) secretes two hormones, _______ and norepinephrine, in response to stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system.

a)

epinephrine

b)

insulin

c)

cortisol

d)

glucagon

71.

Fill in the blank: The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are called _______ corticosteroids.

a)

adrenal

b)

pituitary

c)

thyroid

d)

pancreatic

72.

Which of the following are hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex?

a)

Catecholamines

b)

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

c)

Insulin

d)

Thyroxine

73.

What is the main target organ of aldosterone?

a)

Liver

b)

Kidneys

c)

Lungs

d)

Heart

74.

Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of which ion?

a)

Potassium (K+)

b)

Sodium (Na+)

c)

Calcium (Ca2+)

d)

Chloride (Cl-)

75.

Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption and K+ _______.

a)

excretion

b)

absorption

c)

storage

d)

dilution

76.

Cortisol targets most body tissues.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

Which hormone increases blood glucose and inhibits inflammation and immune response?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Insulin

d)

Glucagon

78.

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

a)

To produce the hormones insulin and glucagon.

b)

To secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

c)

To absorb nutrients from digested food.

d)

To filter toxins from the blood.

79.

Which cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin?

a)

The beta cells.

b)

The alpha cells.

c)

The delta cells.

d)

The acinar cells.

80.

Insulin is needed for the cells of the body to be able to use ______ as fuel.

a)

glucose

b)

protein

c)

fatty acids

d)

oxygen

81.

What do the alpha cells release, which stimulates the liver to change glycogen to glucose?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

c)

Somatostatin

d)

Cortisol

82.

What is the normal blood glucose level in humans?

a)

40-60 mg/100 mL

b)

70-100 mg/100 mL

c)

120-150 mg/100 mL

d)

200-250 mg/100 mL

83.

When glucose levels increase after eating, which cells are stimulated to secrete insulin?

a)

Alpha cells

b)

Beta cells

c)

Delta cells

d)

Gamma cells

84.

Insulin stimulates which of the following?

a)

Cellular uptake of glucose

b)

Storage as glycogen in the liver

c)

Storage as adipose tissue

d)

All of the above

85.

Fill in the blank: When blood glucose levels fall, _______ inhibits insulin release.

a)

Somatostatin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Cortisol

86.

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells when glucose levels are low?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

c)

Somatostatin

d)

Cortisol

87.

Glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

a)

True

b)

False

88.

What happens to blood glucose levels after increased carbohydrate intake from eating?

a)

Blood glucose levels increase.

b)

Blood glucose levels decrease.

c)

Blood glucose levels remain unchanged.

d)

Blood glucose levels drop to zero.

89.

According to the criteria for the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, which of the following random blood glucose levels indicates diabetes?

a)

Less than 100 mg/dL

b)

Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL

c)

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

d)

Less than 70 mg/dL

90.

According to the criteria for the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, what is the fasting blood glucose level that indicates diabetes?

a)

Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL

b)

Less than 100 mg/dL

c)

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

d)

Less than 70 mg/dL

91.

According to the criteria for the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, what is the postprandial (2 hours after 75g glucose) blood glucose level that indicates diabetes?

a)

Less than 100 mg/dL

b)

Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

c)

Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL

d)

Less than 70 mg/dL

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