WorksheetsCosmos
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 2hrs 17mins
The diagram shows planet Earth during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer. What causes the difference in hours of sunlight during the summer at these types of locations?
Because of the tilt of our Earth, the Northern Hemisphere receives more hours of sunlight during the summer, and the Southern Hemisphere receives less.
The sun is higher than Earth in its orbit during the summer, causing the Northern Hemisphere to get more sunlight.
The sun is not large enough to light two places on Earth at once, so some locations receive more sunlight than others.
Locations 66° north of the equator are always closer to the sun during the day.
This diagram shows the South Pole tilting toward the sun on its axis, while the North Pole is tilting away. Which is true?
It is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
It is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
A class wants to make sure that their investigation of the sun’s height above the southern horizon is accurate and done well. Which of the following rules should they follow when collecting their data? Select TWO!
Observations must be made by the same person each week.
Observations must be made at the same time, midday, each week.
Observations must be made first thing in the morning.
Observations must be made from the same spot each week.
These pictures represent the tilt of the sun’s rays during different seasons. Use the graph to help you match each picture to the matching season.
Which picture (A, B, or C) represents Fall (September-November)?
Which of the sentences below explains how the sun and moon can appear to be the same size in our sky?
The sun is larger but closer.
The moon is larger but closer.
The sun is larger but farther away.
The moon is dimmer but farther away.
Students are doing a demo. One holds a foam sphere that is yellow like the sun. Another is holding a sphere that is painted like a blue star. The students stand still, side by side, facing the class. Their classmates sketch what they see. The student with the blue foam sphere takes 15 steps away from the class. Which of the following is not a possible outcome?
The smaller foam sphere will look bigger than the larger sphere.
The smaller sphere will look even smaller than it originally did.
The larger foam sphere will look smaller than it originally did.
The two spheres look the same size.
What length of shadow would this tree produce?
shortest shadow
middle length shadow
longest shadow
The ___________ of an object tells us how much space an object takes up.
volume
mass
What is the primary component of the Sun?
Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
Carbon
Which planet in our solar system is known for its prominent ring system?
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Venus
What is the term for the boundary around a black hole beyond which no light or other radiation can escape?
Event Horizon
Singularity
Photon Sphere
Accretion Disk
Which of the following best describes a light year?
The time it takes for light to travel around the Earth
The distance light travels in one year
The time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun
The distance from the Earth to the Sun
What is the name of the galaxy that contains our Solar System?
Andromeda Galaxy
Milky Way Galaxy
Triangulum Galaxy
Whirlpool Galaxy
Which space telescope was launched in 1990 and has provided numerous images of distant galaxies?
James Webb Space Telescope
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Hubble Space Telescope
Spitzer Space Telescope
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
Magnetic Force
Nuclear Force
Gravitational Force
Electromagnetic Force
Quaoar (dwarf planet) orbits the sun at a distance of 42.0 AU. What is Quaoar’s orbital period in earth years?
(a)
The planet KOI 268.01 has an orbital period of 4.51 earth years from its star. What is KOI 268.01’s distance from their sun in kilometers?
(a)
Kepler's 3rd law tell us that __ would be dependent on __.
orbital period ; distance
distance ; orbital period
The farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once.
longer
shorter
The "Law of Harmonies" is which of Kepler's Laws?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is
the axis
the perihelion
the center
the Sun
What unit to we usually use to to measure a planet's orbital period?
light year
year
day
astronomical unit
This formula is about
Kepler's First Law
Kepler's Second Law
Kepler's Third Law
According to Kepler's Third Law, the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Which of the following equations represents this law?
T2∝R3
T3∝R2
T∝R
T2∝R
If a planet's orbital period is 8 Earth years, what is the approximate average distance from the sun in astronomical units (AU) according to Kepler's Third Law?
4 AU
8 AU
16 AU
64 AU
Which of the following best describes Kepler's Third Law?
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci.
A line segment joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
The force of attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses.
A newly discovered exoplanet orbits its star at a distance of 10 AU. Using Kepler's Third Law, estimate its orbital period.
10 Earth years
31.6 Earth years
100 Earth years
1 Earth year
Kepler's Third Law can be used to determine which of the following properties of a planet's orbit?
The shape of the orbit
The speed of the planet at any point in its orbit
The orbital period if the average distance from the sun is known
The mass of the planet
If the orbital period of a planet is known, what additional information is needed to calculate the average distance from the sun using Kepler's Third Law?
The mass of the planet
The radius of the planet
The semi-major axis of the orbit
No additional information is needed
Which of the following is a real-world application of Kepler's Third Law?
Predicting the weather patterns on Earth
Calculating the distance of a satellite from Earth based on its orbital period
Determining the chemical composition of a distant star
Measuring the speed of light
F = Gm1m2/d2.
What will happen to the gravitational force of a satellite if the mass and the distance from Earth’s center is doubled?
F = Gm1m2/d2.
G=6.67x10-11 NM2/KG2
Calculate the force between two objects that have masses of 70 kilograms and 100 kilograms separated by a distance of 1 meter. Use “G” for the Gravitational constant.
What this means is that if a satellite moves away from what it is orbiting,
If a planet's orbital radius is doubled, what happens to the length of a year on that planet?
Which of the following is NOT considered a terrestrial-planet?
Mars
Venus
Neptune
Mercury
The largest of the terrestrial planets is
Jupiter
Earth
Mars
Uranus
The densities of the Jovian planets are
not more than about 0.5 times the density of water.
not more than about 1.5 times the density of water.
from 3.9 to 5.5 times the density of water.
more than 5.5 times the density of water.
According to scientists, the solar system formed from
colliding planetesimals.
rotating stars.
colliding nebulae.
a rotating disk of dust and gases.
Which of the following is one difference between the way terrestrial planets and Jovian planets formed?
The terrestrial planets formed only from bits of ice.
The Jovian planets formed only from bits of ice.
The terrestrial planets formed only from metals and silicate minerals.
The Jovian planets formed only from metals and silicateminerals.
How does the diameter of the terrestrial and Jovian planets compare?
The diameters of the Jovian planets are much larger.
The diameters of the terrestrial planets are much larger.
All but one of the terrestrial planets have diameters about equal to the diameters of the Jovian planets.
All but one of the Jovian planets have diameters about-equal to the diameters of the terrestrial planets.
The fact that Mercury has no atmosphere is evidence that it
reflects almost all of the sunlight that strikes it.
is composed almost entirely of gases.
is much farther from the sun than it appears.
reflects a small percentage of the sunlight that strikes it.
One reason that life as we know it is unlikely to exist on Venus is because
the surface temperature is too high.
the surface temperature is too low.
the surface has too much ice covering it.
there is no atmosphere.
When viewed from Earth, Mars appears to change colors. This most likely happens because
gases in the dense Martian atmosphere are constantly changing.
volcanic activity produces thick gas clouds.
dust storms lasting for weeks cause the atmosphere to change color.
active volcanoes on the Mars surface intermittently flood the surface with lava.
What is the mass of Jupiter?
2.5 times the mass of Earth
twice the mass of all the terrestrial planets
about half the mass of all the Jovian planets
2.5 times the mass of all the other planets and their moons
Which of the Jovian planets have rings?
only Saturn and Jupiter
Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune
only Saturn and Neptune
only Saturn, Jupiter, and Uranus
Which planet has the lowest surface temperature of any planet and an atmosphere comprised mostly of nitrogen?
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Which planet has an axis of rotation parallel with the plane of its orbit?
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Most asteroids lie between the orbits of
Jupiter and Saturn.
Mars and Jupiter.
Jupiter and Neptune.
Mars and Earth.
Which of the following is true about asteroids?
Asteroids rarely pass close to Earth.
Asteroids never actually collide with planetary bodies.
Recent impact craters on the moon were likely caused by asteroids.
Most asteroids are no larger than a grain of sand.
Which of the following is true about comets?
The orbits of comets do not take them past the Jovian planets.
Comets are held together by frozen gases.
All comets have long tails made of vaporizing gases.
The Oort cloud of comets is found between Neptune and Pluto.
The Kuiper Belt is a region beyond Neptune containing
comets with short orbit periods.
meteors smaller than 1 km across.
a dense collection of meteoroids.
comets with unusually large nuclei.
The nucleus of Halley’s comet is approximately
1 m wide.
1 km wide.
16 km by 8 km.
100 km wide.
Scientists have been able to estimate the age of our solar system by dating
comets
asteroids
meteors
meteorites
Which of the following is NOT a source of meteoroids?
rocky chunks from neighboring solar systems
leftover interplanetary debris
material from the asteroid belt
the solid remains of comets
