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WorksheetsIvy Biology
Total questions: 129
Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins
A reaction in which particles (such as red blood cells or bacteria) suspended in a liquid collect into clumps and which occurs as a response to a specific antibody.
(a)
Proteins released by lymphocytes to protect against pathogens. They cause agglutination.
(a)
Destroy pathogens on the outer body surface, at body openings, and on inner body linings. Sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva all contain enzymes that kill pathogens. Urine is too acidic for many pathogens, and semen contains zinc, which most pathogens cannot tolerate. In addition, stomach acid kills pathogens that enter the GI tract in food or water.
(a) barrier
Something that physically block pathogens from entering the body.
(a) barrier
The pathogen is passed directly from one host to another by transfer of body fluids such as blood or semen (eg HIV, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B & C).
(a) transmission / contact
A living organism that acts as a harbour for invading pathogenic organisms. / A living organism that is infected with or is fed upon by a parasitic or pathogenic organism.
(a)
The pathogen leaves the host and is carried in some way to another, uninfected individual.
(a) transmission / contact
An organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a pathogen, disease, or parasite from one animal or plant to another.
(a)
A slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes and glands for lubrication or protection.
(a)
Making antibodies and developing memory cells for future response to infection.
(a)
The process of introducing a vaccine into the body to help the immune system develop immunity to a specific infectious disease or pathogen.
(a)
A type of white blood cell with a large round nucleus and very little non-granular cytoplasm. They are responsible for antibody production.
(a)
An organism that causes a disease (bacteria, virus, fungi).
(a)
A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens.
(a)
The process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf, ingest and destroy pathogens.
(a)
A disease in which the pathogen can be passed on (transmitted) from one host to another.
(a) disease
A combination of body defenses made up of cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens and disease
Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes
vaccine
inflammation
immune system
A preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to cause an immune response.
Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes
vaccine
inflammation
immune system
The body’s response to injury or disease, resulting in a condition of swelling, pain, heat, and redness
Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes
vaccine
inflammation
immune system
A secondary circulation system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintain its fluid balance
Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes
vaccine
inflammation
immune system
The white blood cells in the lymphatic system
Lymphatic System
Lymphocytes
vaccine
inflammation
immune system
__________________________ is your body’s ability to resist the germs that cause a particular disease.
Antigen
immunity
specific response
fever
antibodies
Having a(n) __________________________ makes it harder for pathogens to reproduce and results in the body producing more white blood cells to destroy pathogens.
Antigen
immunity
specific response
fever
antibodies
__________________________ are proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body.
Antigen
immunity
specific response
fever
antibodies
A(n) __________________________ is any substance released by invading pathogens.
Antigen
immunity
specific response
fever
antibodies
Since the body recognizes pathogens that it has already fought, it creates a(n) __________________________ with cells ready to attack when those pathogens appear again.
Antigen
immunity
specific response
fever
antibodies
Edward Jenner succeeded in creating a vaccine against smallpox by injecting patients with material of which disease?
Smallpox
Cowpox
Cattle Virus
Measles Virus
What is the function of innate immune response?
Act very rapid as a first line of defense to eliminate the infection
Trap microbes so they cannot spread in our body freely
coordinate and support adaptive immunity
all the above
What is the main advantage of live attenuated vaccine?
It provides more durable immunity: boosters may be required:though less frequently than would otherwise be necessary
it is safer than other kinds of vaccines
it does not cause any severe side effects or complications
it is suitable for people with any type of health
Which is not true about subunit vaccines?
they can be designed using molecular biology technique
they are less harmful than live attenuated vaccine
they generally are made of polypeptide or oligopeptide
they provide lifetime protection
Since we have our immune system to protect us from disease, why do we still need vaccine?
Because some diseases are too severe for our immune system
because adaptive immunity takes days to weeks to initiate a response and sometimes it is too late
because some people are immune deficient or have weak immune systems
all the above
Are ALL bacteria pathogens?
diseases caused by water contaminated mainly with human faeces
diseases present in all non drinkable water
Which is necessary to prevent the spread of cholera and typhoid? Mark ALL that apply
Good food manipulation
Living in urban areas
90
50
30
50
30
What is the best prevention and control for people who live in affected areas to avoid the spread of malaria?
People in areas where malaria exists can avoid mosquito bites by... (Mark ALL that apply)
A/an __________ is an injection of a weekened form of a pathogen to help the individual gain immunity from a disease.
Virus
Vacuum
Vaccine
Antibiotics
You are a doctor and Little Billy is in your office with the flu. His mother wants you to prescribe an antibiotic. Which would be the best response?
"Absolutely, get that kid an antibiotic!"
"Give him a vaccine and he will feel better right away!"
"Actually, he just needs to take a painkiller."
"Unfortunately, antibiotics do not work against viruses like the flu."
Which of these is NOT a sign that the body is fighting a pathogen?
Fever
Coughing
Bleeding
Sneezing
Which type of virus has spikes on the outside, giving it a "crown-like" appearance?
Bacteriophage
Coronavirus
Ebola Virus
Norovirus
Which of these would never be included in a vaccine, due to its potential to cause illness/disease?
Weekened Virus
Fully deactivated virus
Partial virus
Complete, fully active virus
Which is smaller, a virus or a bacterium?
Virus
Bacterium
The first vaccine that was developed was for
Smallpox
Polio
Chickenpox
Rubella
True/False: Sometimes vaccines need boosters to remain effective.
False
True
What is a possible outcome if the spike protein on the coronavirus mutated?
The vaccine may have reduced effectiveness.
The vaccine may no longer be effective.
Option A and B
The first person to discover the vaccines was...
None of them
Bruce Jenner
Edward Cullen
Edward Jenner
Jenner, used the virus of ___________________ to produce the first vaccine.
Smallpox
Cowpox
Malaria
Chickenpox
Vaccines work because the immune system saves the information in the:
Memory cells
Effector cells
Leukocytes
Red blood cells
The vaccines trigger the immune system creating specific ______________ for the pathogen.
Antigens
Medicine
Antibodies
Cells
Why is there not a vaccine for coronavirus yet?
Because it’s a new unknown virus
Vaccines take long time to be tested in humans
it's dangerous to produce vaccines without investigating it well
None of the above
Where is the blood produced?
Liver
Lymphatic nodes
Immune system
Bone marrow
Was this Quizizz challenging?
Yes, very much
Nop I did it easily
Somewhat
Thank god it’s over :)
What is the body's first line of defence against infection?
Physical barriers
White blood cells
Blood plasma
Red blood cells
First line defenses include
skin
hair
mucus
all of the above
Joe contracts chickenpox, he develops antibodies to fight chickenpox and never gets it again. This is an example of:
A histamine response
passive immunity
active immunity
a vaccination
Vaccinations are an example of
Passive immunity
Active immunity
Vaccinations stimulate the body to produce large amounts of
red blood cells
hemaglobin
phagocytes for that virus
antibodies for that virus
Viruses attack host cells injecting their genetic material in order to use host cell machinery to make viral copies
True
False
The body's second line of defense is
B and T cells
Skin and mucus membranes
Antibodies
Inflammation
Following are the causes that weaken the immune system except
Stress
Exposure to polluted air
Exposure to pesticides
Healthy diet
This type of agent requires a host cell for reproduction.
virus
bacteria
algae
The following agent can be treated with antibiotics.
bacterium
parasite
virus
How can doctors correctly identify bacteria before prescribing antibiotics?
examine the material under a microscope
observe bacteria using a magnifying glass
Both bacteria and fungi can be ____________
decomposers
prokaryotes
An infectious disease could become a pandemic because ...
the disease is a worldwide threat
the disease is confined (kept) in a particular area
Why is it suggested to get a flu vaccine?
viruses can mutate
vaccines get stronger over time
If 15 people get sick at a school event, what is the best explanation?
contact with an infected person
contact with a contaminated object
How can the rate of disease be reduced?
by preventing transmission between people
by taking medication daily
One way to become immune to a disease without first having the disease is by ...
antibiotics
vaccination
Given a vaccine will hopefully develop ...
immunity
antibiotic resistance
The difference between an epidemic and a pandemic is ...
epidemics are more local, pandemics are over a large area
there is no real difference
The difference between viruses and bacteria is ...
viruses require a host organism, while bacteria live host-free
viruses affect plants, while bacteria affect animals
Water is a ...
mixture
compound
What is the relationship between organisms where one is harmed?
parasitism
mutualism
Which resource is NOT renewable?
coal
wind
Natural variety in a population of organisms is ...
variation
natural selection
Species used to monitor the quality of water are called ...
bioindicators
turbidity
What is the primary function of the lymphocytes in the body?
To produce antibodies
To produce anti-histamines
To recognize foreign antigens
To perform phagocytosis
Antibodies are specific and complimentary to:
Antibiotics
Antigens
Anti-inflamatories
Anti-histamines
Immune cells that engulf pathogens are called:
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Hepatocytes
Thrombocytes
Antigens are:
Chemicals that kill bacteria and fungal pathogens
Produced in response to allergens
Immune proteins produced by lymphocytes
Specific surface marker proteins
Antibodies and antigens are complimentary, what does complimentary mean?
Two objects that do not fit together
Two objects that are the same shape
Two objects that fit together
An object that repels another
What are the "spikes" on the surface of the virus particle?
Proteins that are essential to allow the virus to get inside a host cell
Proteins that act as antigens allowing the immune system to recognize the virus
Both A and B
How do vaccines provide immunity to measles without causing the disease?
They contain weakened measles virus particles
They contain measles virus antigens only
They stimulate the body to produce memory cells
How do vaccines provide long-term immunity to measles?
By containing weakened measles virus particles
By stimulating the formation of memory cells
By directly producing antibodies against the virus
Which of the following best describes the process of antibody production?
Lymphocytes produce antibodies directly
Lymphocytes divide to form plasma cells, which then secrete antibodies
Antibodies are produced spontaneously in response to foreign antigens
Memory cells produce antibodies by phagocytosis
Phagocyte nuclei are:
Lobed
Globular
Spherical
Linear
Primary (first infection) responses are slower because:
Our immune system produces large amounts of antibodies
Pathogens are slow to reproduce
Time is needed to generate a complimentary antibody
Phagocytes divide slowly
Secondary immune responses are faster because:
Memory cells are present
Pathogens divide more slowly the second time
The antigen is different
It is easier to prevent infection
What causes the symptoms of infectious diseases?
Antigens
Antibodies
Toxins
Mitosis
Vaccinations provide lasting immunity by injection of:
Live, normal pathogens
Pathogens produced in an anaerobic environment
Complimentray antibodies
Dead pathogens or antigens
Viruses are harder to kill than bacteria because:
Viruses replicate in the blood stream
Bacteria replicate in host cells
Viruses replicate in host cells
Bacteria replicate faster than viruses
Antibiotics can be used to treat viral infections
True
False
How does the secondary immune response to an infection differ from the primary response?
It is slower and smaller
It is quicker, larger, and lasts longer
It is the same as the primary response
Phagocytes provide:
Non-specific immunity
Specific immunity
Phagocytes break down pathogens using:
Antibodies
Antigens
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies can be complimentary to more than one antigen:
True
False
