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WorksheetsCH 2 study guide: Mechanisms of Disease
Total questions: 52
Worksheet time: 52mins
Which condition can be expected after decreased use of a muscle?
hypertrophy
atrophy
dysplasia
hyperplasia
An example of a single-gene hereditary disease is:
gout.
hypertension.
Down syndrome.
cystic fibrosis.
What disease is inflammation of the stomach?
colitis
appendicitis
gastritis
encephalitis
Which of the following is true regarding the aging process?
The aging process is neither progressive nor irreversible.
The aging process is progressive and reversible.
The aging process is not progressive and is irreversible.
The aging process is progressive and irreversible.
Which of the following would be cancer?
sarcoma
adenoma
fibroma
lipoma
Examples of neoplasm include:
colitis.
lipoma.
phenylketonuria.
goiter.
A benign tumor is generally easily removed because it is:
ischemic.
metastatic.
encapsulated.
malignant.
What are antibodies?
organs designed to defend the body against pathogenic attacks
substances that cause the body some type of harm
environmental substances that cause a reaction
proteins that the body produces to react to the antigen and render it harmless
Which type of cellular adaptation changes columnar epithelial cells of the respiratory tract into stratified squamous epithelial cells when exposed to irritants?
hypertrophy
dysplasia
atrophy
metaplasia
At what point is a person considered to be brain-dead?
when both the heart and lungs stop functioning
when both the brain and heart stop functioning
when the heart stops functioning
when the brain stops functioning
In what type of cellular adaptation does a cell change to another type of cell?
hyperplasia
dysplasia
metaplasia
hypertrophy
When the immune response is hypersensitive to an environmental substance, the individual has what?
an allergy
a vitamin excess
a mineral deficiency
autoimmunity
What is an overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus, such as a goiter?
a sarcoma
an infection
a neoplasm
a hyperplasia
Which of the following is accurate regarding the relationship between hereditary and congenital diseases?
All congenital diseases are also hereditary diseases.
Hereditary disease and congenital disease are both visible at birth.
Hereditary diseases present at birth are also called congenital.
There is no connection between hereditary disease and congenital disease.
The aging process is affected by hereditary factors such as:
lifestyle.
ability to resist disease.
stress.
dietary choices.
Signs of inflammation include:
redness
being cool to the touch
bruising
fever
Which of the following conditions occurs when the demand on a muscle is greater than normal?
hypertrophy
atrophy
dysplasia
hyperplasia
Oncology is the study of what?
nutrition
cancer
infection
gastronomy
What is an adenoma?
a. a usually benign tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue
b. a malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
c. a malignant tumor of the skin
d. a malignant tumor arising from connective tissue
Redness, pain, swelling, and warm to the touch are all symptoms of what?
inflammation
infection
malignancy
cachexia
What term refers to two or more diseases or conditions that occur at the same time?
cerebrovascular accident
morbidity
comorbidity
mortality
What change in the aging process may lead to osteoporosis?
decreased immunity
decreased melanin pigment production
bone loss
loss of brain and nerve cells
Which condition is most serious and should be triaged first?
leg wound
not breathing
chest pain
dizzy and disoriented
Immunodeficiency is the immune response of the body being unable to defend itself due to what?
a. a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
b. an increase of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
c. an inability to identify its own self-antigens
d. the formation of antibodies by the lymphocytes
What term is used to describe providing total nutrition needed by giving nutritive liquid through the venous route?
total parenteral nutrition
subcutaneous parenteral nutrition
enteral nutrition
intramuscular parental nutrition
Which of the following is accurate regarding the relationship between inflamed and infected tissue?
Infected tissue is not usually inflamed.
Inflammation is always a sign of infection.
Tissue can be inflamed but not infected.
There is no relationship between the presence of inflammation and infection.
General guidelines for a healthy lifestyle include a recommendation for at least how many hours of sleep per day?
6
7
8
9
General guidelines for a healthy lifestyle include which of the following?
maintaining body weight
consuming excessive alcohol
limiting fiber consumption
skipping breakfast
How is enteral nutrition provided?
through the small intestine
under the skin
within the muscles
through the veins
Diseases with tumor involvement usually end with what suffix?
-oma
-itis
-logy
-plasm
Hereditary diseases are classified in which of the following ways?
single gene normality
abnormality of several genes
absence of a partial chromosome
polychromosomal
The suffix -itis usually identifies diseases related to what?
tumors
inflammation
the stomach
the colon
Nutrition administered through the enteral route includes which of the following methods?
TPN
subcutaneous
gastrostomy
intravenous
Cellular injury and death can be caused by hypoxia, which is what?
viruses
no oxygen
bacterial toxins
not enough oxygen
Which of the following is true of obesity?
It leads to cardiovascular diseases.
It lengthens one’s life span.
It reduces pressure on the skeletal system.
It decreases the chance for arteriosclerosis.
What type of neoplasm is a malignant tumor of neurologic cells?
fibroma
carcinoma
glioma
sarcoma
Criteria to determine brain death include:
a. a normal EEG.
b. a normal EKG.
c. rapid respiration.
d. a lack of response to stimuli.
What type of cancers spread from a site of origin to a secondary site in the body?
degenerative
metastatic
enteral
benign
What is ischemia?
a. a loss of all reflexes
b. an alteration in necrosis in which saprophytic bacteria become involved
c. hypoxia caused by decreased blood flow
d. an increase in cell number
Obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases because it increases the chance for what?
hypertrophy
increased pressure on the skeletal system
autoimmunity
arteriosclerosis
Congenital means:
"begins in childhood."
"begins at puberty."
"born with."
"begins in middle age."
What disease is inflammation of the brain?
gastritis
appendicitis
colitis
encephalitis
Which term means inflammation of a tendon?
appendicitis
arthritis
meningitis
tendonitis
Diseases related to aging that involve a reduction in functional activity are called what?
degenerative diseases
immunodeficient diseases
autoimmune diseases
metastatic diseases
What does malignant mean?
caused by decreased blood flow
enclosed in a capsule
moving from site of origin
usually deadly
An area of dead cells commonly due to obstruction of arteries is called what?
ischemia
a neoplasm
inflammation
an infarct
Which statement is true regarding autoimmune diseases?
Leukocytes play a vital part in killing foreign invaders.
Antibodies are produced to react to antigens and render them harmless.
Lymphocytes form antibodies that attack the body’s own cells.
Immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance.
An example of triage, in general, is giving priority care to a patient who:
has ear pain.
has a small laceration on the forehead.
complains of crushing, radiating chest pain.
has low back pain.
Classifications of trauma include:
motor vehicle accidents.
adenoma.
polygenic.
neoplasm/tumor.
Under which category does a BMI of 27 fall?
underweight
normal
overweight
obese
What is atrophy?
a decrease in cell size
an increase in the size of a cell
an increase in cell number
an alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells
Cachexia describes:
a. a well-nourished individual.
b. an overweight individual.
c. an ill, thin individual.
d. an ill, overweight individual.
