Worksheets41 Qs CH. 4 Medical Knowledge Quiz PG 4
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
The movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body is called
abduction.
adduction.
flexion.
extension.
The large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the anterior chest from the sternum to the proximal end of the humerus and acts on the joint of the shoulder to flex, adduct, and rotate is
serratus anterior.
intercostal.
transversus abdominis.
pectoralis major.
Which diagnostic exam is used to find pathological abnormalities of the brain?
CT scan
Nuclear medicine scan
MRI
Radiograph
The term unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is also referred to as
partial knee replacement.
removal of the kneecap.
total knee replacement.
total knee replacement bilaterally.
A patient, age 89, has had a right below-the-knee amputation. He is progressing well but continues to complain of pain in the toes on his right foot. The physician told him that he is suffering from “phantom pain” in his amputated extremity. He asks the nurse to explain phantom pain. The most appropriate response would be
“Phantom pain does not exist except in your mind.”
“I can’t answer that. You’ll have to ask the physician.”
“Phantom pain occurs because the nerve tracts that register pain in the amputated limb continue to send a message to the brain.”
“Phantom pain occurs when you start thinking about your loss. It’s best to keep your mind occupied with other things.”
A patient, age 79, fell at home and suffered an intracapsular fracture of his left hip. The orthopedic surgeon inserted a prosthetic implant for a bipolar hip replacement. The physician has instructed the nurse to turn him every 2 hours. The nurse understands that the correct nursing intervention is to keep the legs
together so they don’t separate while turning.
from rubbing together.
abducted so the prosthesis does not become dislocated.
abducted to prevent additional pain for the patient with turning.
A patient, age 24, has a compartment syndrome after a fracture of his radius and ulna. Nursing assessment will include careful observation for signs and symptoms of
buccal petechiae.
thromboembolism.
Volkmann’s contracture.
fat embolism.
A patient fell 2 days ago; he has a compound fracture of his left tibia. The physician performed an open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) to treat the fracture. An important nursing assessment for him would include
hyperactive bowel sounds.
elevated temperature and presence of erythema at incision site.
ecchymosis and edema at incision site.
complaints of activity intolerance.
A patient, age 24, is recovering from a fractured tibia. She has been wearing a leg cast for the past month to immobilize the fracture and promote proper alignment. She is being seen at the clinic for follow-up radiographic evaluation of the fracture. The physician tells her that he is hoping for good callus formation to have occurred. When she asks what callus formation is, the nurse tells her it is
when blood vessels of the bone are compressed.
a part of the bone healing process after a fracture when new bone is being formed over the fracture site.
the formation of a clot over the fracture site.
when the hematoma becomes organized and a fibrin meshwork is formed.
A patient, age 45, has worked as a basket weaver for the past 10 years. She is being seen at the clinic for symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Collection of subjective data might include
complaints of burning pain or tingling in the hands.
edema of the fingers.
radicular pain.
complaints of weight loss and fatigue.
A patient, age 24, had a traumatic amputation of his left foot in a motorcycle accident. He is receiving morphine by a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. He complains of a burning sensation in his left foot. The nurse should explain that
this is a phantom pain and that its cause is not clearly understood.
this is not possible because his foot was amputated.
his regular pain medication will relieve the pain.
this phantom pain will disappear in about 1 week.
A patient, age 28, has a fractured tibia and fibula. The nurse is performing an assessment of her extremities. The purpose of assessing capillary filling or performing a blanching test is to assess for adequate
arterial peripheral circulation.
cardiac output.
venous peripheral circulation.
nutritional deficiency
A patient has sustained a fractured femur in a car accident. The physician has stated concern about the possibility of a fat embolism. The patient’s wife asks the nurse about the cause of a fat embolism. The nurse’s most appropriate response would be
“Arterial blood flow is interrupted at the site of injury.”
“Floating fat sometimes causes problems.”
“The break in the bone forces molecules of fat into the bloodstream.”
“We don’t know the cause. We just know that it sometimes happens.”
The first priority nursing intervention for an impending fat embolism is to administer
oxygen in a respiratory emergency.
intravenous fluids in hypovolemic emergency.
Lasix IV for fluid overload.
blood therapy in a cardiac emergency.
A patient, age 68, has suffered an intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip. Before surgery, to provide support and comfort, an immobilizing device is applied. This is called a
Thomas splint.
Bryant’s traction.
Russell’s traction
Buck’s traction
A patient, age 18, has multiple soft tissue injuries from a bicycle accident. Primary medical management for soft tissue injuries includes
rest and heat to control edema.
elevation and ice to control edema.
immediate immobilization to halt pain.
aspiration of excessive fluid.
The patient who undergoes total hip replacement may be prescribed prophylactic drugs such as heparin or warfarin (Coumadin). The rationale for this is that it
decreases the risk of thrombus formation.
decreases the risk of hemorrhage.
facilitates the wound-healing process.
decreases the risk of systemic infection.
The patient has been diagnosed as having gouty arthritis. He asks the nurse to explain the cause of the inflammation of his great toe. The most appropriate nursing response is
“You have calcium oxalate deposits that are seen in gouty arthritis.”
“The inflammation is from small accumulations of uric acid crystals which are called tophi.”
“The small nodules are not related to the arthritis condition.”
“You have fat deposits that are common with gouty arthritis.”
Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis?
Sleeping at least 8 hours at night and a nap during the day
Sleeping at 4-hour intervals at night
No exercise regimen and apply ice to joints as needed
Jogging at least 20 minutes three days a week
When caring for a patient who is 34 years old and has rheumatoid arthritis, the nurse should remember that
exercise should be avoided to decrease pain.
the patient should be discouraged from performing activities of daily living.
rest and exercise are both important parts of therapy.
pain is best controlled by use of narcotic analgesics.
A 71-year-old patient is manifesting signs and symptoms of gout. When assessing him for signs and symptoms of gout, the nurse should pay particular attention to
dietary intake of foods high in cholesterol.
mobility in the hip and knee joints.
edema or discoloration of the great toe.
a history of trauma or occupational injury.
A patient, age 44, has chronic osteomyelitis. He should be taught to
take antibiotics prophylactically.
avoid trauma to the affected bone.
decrease activity levels.
increase dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
The patient is a 20-year-old who has suffered a compound fracture of the femur. The nurse would expect the physician to order ____ intramuscularly.
tetanus toxoid
morphine gluconate
low-molecular–weight heparin
calcium gluconate
A patient, age 72, has a left intertrochanteric fracture as a result of a fall. In planning ways to increase her safety, the nurse realizes it is most important to determine
preexisting health conditions.
nutritional status.
psychosocial history.
pain level.
A patient has undergone a bipolar hip repair (hemiarthroplasty). She should be instructed to
sit in whatever position is most comfortable.
sit in a firm, straight-backed chair at a 90-degree angle.
avoid crossing her legs.
begin full weight-bearing as soon as tolerated.
A patient, age 64, has osteoarthritis of the left hip. He has had a left total hip replacement. The nurse should
encourage use of the high Fowler’s position.
administer oxygen through a nasal cannula.
encourage use of an incentive spirometer.
turn the patient frequently from side to side.
A 28-year-old male patient has a fractured left humerus. He has a cast on his arm. The nurse observes pallor, coolness, and a decrease in capillary refill time to his left hand and fingers. These observations are likely to indicate
compartment syndrome.
early infection.
hemorrhage.
shock.
A patient, age 45, has had a left intramedullary rod placed into his left femur. He is presenting with signs and symptoms of postoperative shock. The recommended position for a person going into shock is
semi-Fowler’s.
supine.
Fowler’s
Trendelenburg.
When caring for the patient who is in shock, the nurse should provide
adequate oral fluids to replace blood loss.
external heat to combat shivering.
sedatives to decrease anxiety and apprehension.
oxygen to support respiratory function.
The office nurse has noted the presence of an increase in lumbar curvature in a 20-year-old female patient. This condition is known as
scoliosis.
lordosis.
kyphosis.
spondylitis.
31. Rheumatoid arthritis is distinguished from osteoarthritis in that:
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, systemic disease; osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, degenerative disease; osteoarthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease.
People with osteoarthritis are considered to be genetically predisposed; there is no known genetic component to rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis is often caused by a virus; viruses play no part in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Which ethnic group is at a highest risk of developing osteoporosis?
African American women
Caucasian and Asian women
African American men
Latino women
The patient, age 58, is diagnosed with osteoporosis after densitometry testing. She has been menopausal for 5 years and has been concerned about her risk for osteoporosis because her mother has osteoporosis. In teaching her about her osteoporosis, which information does the nurse include?
Even with a family history of osteoporosis, the calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increased calcium intake and exercise.
Estrogen replacement therapy must be started to prevent rapid progression of her osteoporosis.
With a family history of osteoporosis, there is no way to prevent or slow bone reabsorption.
Continuous, low-dose corticosteroid treatment is effective in stopping the course of osteoporosis.
Certain foods may increase the pain associated with gout. Which foods have the highest concentration of purines?
Brain, liver, kidney
Lettuce, corn, potatoes
Beef, pork, chicken
Fruits and fruit juices
The immediate medical management of any fracture is:
Observe patient for signs of shock.
Administer analgesics for pain.
Splint and elevate the involved part.
Apply heat to control pain.
Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that can slow bone loss during the aging process. The following are high in calcium:
Oranges, yogurt
Oranges, bananas
Broccoli, yogurt
Skim milk, eggs
A 76-year-old female patient is being seen for osteoarthritis of the knee in the clinic. In discussing strengthening exercises, which exercises would you recommend?
Jogging
Climbing stairs 2 to 3 times daily
Bicycling for short distances
Walking up and down small elevations
Prolonged bed rest puts the older adult at risk for
ankylosing spondylitis.
pathological fractures.
osteomyelitis.
gout.
The main purpose of traction is to (Select all that are correct)
Align and stabilize a fracture
Prevent deformities
Relieve muscle spasms
Promote bed rest
Increase circulation to the rest of the body
Which of the significant neurovascular impairment symptoms, following a musculoskeletal trauma, should be reported to the physician? (Select all that apply.)
Extremity feels warm to touch
Slow capillary refill
Diminished or absent pulses,
D.) Extremity pink in color or E.) +1 edema of extremity
Unrelieved pain after administration of pain medication
The three vital functions muscles perform when they contract are: (Select all that apply.)
To allow for accumulation of uric acid in blood
Maintenance of posture
Motion
D.) To serve as a storage area for various minerals or F.) To assist in return of venous blood to the left side of the heart
Production of heat
