A Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the supreme leader of the People’s Republic of China from 1978 to 1989 was _______.

Who was the first major figure after the passing of Mao Zedong in 1976, who succeeded by consolidating power to lead China through a period of economic and political reform?

He served as the political commissar in the Chinese Red Army during the Long March in the Chinese Civil War, as well as serving during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War. Who is he?

Who is this leader?

During the Cultural Revolution, he was condemned as the party’s “number two capitalist roader” and was purged twice by Mao and exiled to work in a tractor factory for 4 years. Who is being described?

During his tenure, he launched the Boluan Fanzheng program to restore order and rehabilitate those who were persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. Who was this leader?

He transformed the Chinese economy into a socialist market economy from its agricultural command economy and established special economic zones for market capitalism and foreign investment. Who is he?

Who championed China’s one-child policy to deal with overpopulation?

He helped negotiate the return of Hong Kong and Macau to China and developed the principle of “one country, two systems” for their governance. Who is this leader?

Who was named Time magazine Person of the Year twice in 1978 and 1985, but whose legacy is marred by his military crackdown during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests?

Who is known as the “Architect of Modern China” for his contributions to Chinese socialism and his self-named political theory which suggested Chinese socialism be flexible to the nation’s economic needs as it shifted to a more open, modern economy?

Look at the photograph and choose the correct name of the individual shown from the options below:

A Hungarian communist politician served as de facto Prime Minister of the Hungarian People's Republic from ____ to _____

In 1956, he led the Hungarian Revolution against the ____-backed government.

His key role in the uprising led to him being sentenced to death and executed in _____

When the Soviet Union took control of Hungary, he served first as the nation's Minister of ____ and carried out land divisions that were popular amongst the peasantry.

During his prime ministry, he attempted to relax the harshest policies of the Stalinist regime under Prime Minister ____ ____, which led to him being forced out of power by Soviet stalwarts.

Writers, intellectuals, and the common man viewed him as a hero of ____ after his dismissal.

His brief two-week tenure as Prime Minister during the Hungarian Revolution led to reform such as admitting non-communist politicians, dissolving the secret police (State Protection Authority), promised democratic reforms, and withdrew Hungary unilaterally from the ____ _____.

The Soviet Union launched a massive invasion on November 4, 1956 and deposed him. He was executed for ____ alongside his closest allies.

His body was buried in an ____ grave.

In 1989, his body and grave were rehabilitated and his remains were reburied on the ____ anniversary of his execution.

Over ____ people attended the funeral and it was an important event to the end of the communist government in Hungary.

Look at the photograph. Who is this individual?

Who served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 until his resignation in 1959?

Which U.S. Senator representing New York was a significant figure in the early Cold War era and advocated an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world?

Who were the relatives of John Foster Dulles that also served in significant government positions?

John Foster Dulles became a special advisor to President Harry S. Truman and was the primary architect of the Treaty of San Francisco, the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, and the ANZUS security treaty.

As Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles favored which policy in response to Soviet aggression?

What organization did John Foster Dulles help to architect as an anti-communist defensive alliance in Southeast Asia?

Which two coups did John Foster Dulles instigate with his brother Allen as CIA director?

John Foster Dulles supported France in their war against the Viet Minh in French Indochina and rejected the 1954 Geneva Accords.

Why did John Foster Dulles resign from office in 1959?

Which of the following individuals was born in 1890 and died in 1970?

Read the following description and identify the individual: - A Polish communist politician and was the leader of post-war Poland from 1947-1948, and again from 1956-1970. - During World War II and Nazi occupation, he organized the resistance in Warsaw, became a leader of the left-wing resistance fighters, and was general-secretary of the underground Workers' Party. - After the death of Joseph Stalin, he rose to power under a reform platform during the Polish October movement in 1956 and initiated a phase known as the Polish Thaw, which resulted in temporary liberalization of the government and the end of Stalinism in Poland. - The tense success of Poland's reform movement when inspire the violently suppressed Hungarian Revolution that same year. - However, during the 1960s, he resumed a much more authoritarian and began persecuting the Catholic Church and anti-communist opposition, as well as persecuting protesting students and toughening censorship of the media. - He allowed outbursts of anti-Zionist and anti-Semitic rhetoric in communist party political campaigns and was used as a distraction and scapegoat to Poland's struggling economy. - He supported Poland's participation in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. - After establishing border stability and relations with West Germany in 1970, rising inflation and bloody clashes between shipyard workers and authorities led to his resignation.

What are the birth and death years of Władysław Gomułka?

What are the birth and death years of Mikhail Gorbachev?

What are the birth and death years of Chiang Kai-shek?

An American diplomat and historian, he is best known as an advocate of a policy of containment of Soviet expansion during the Cold War. He was also one of the group of foreign policy elders known as "The Wise Men." His writings confirmed the later Truman Doctrine and inspired U.S. foreign policy. His "Long Telegram" from Moscow in 1946 and 1947 article "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" argued that the Soviet regime was inherently expansionist and that its influence had to be contained. He also played a major role in the development of definitive Cold War programs and institutions, including the Marshall Plan. In 1950, he left the State Department, criticizing the foreign policies that he helped articulate. He continued to analyze international affairs as a faculty member of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1956 until his death in 2005.

A Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup. A member of the far-right National Liberation Movement, his authoritarian government was closely allied with the United States. In June 1954, he led 480 CIA-trained soldiers into Guatemala, backed by U.S.-supplied aircraft. He rolled back President Jacobo Árbenz's popular agricultural reform, with land confiscated from small farmers and returned to large landowners. He would crack down on unions and peasant organizations, arresting and killing thousands. He created the National Committee of Defense Against Communism, which investigated over 70,000 people and added 10% of the population to a list of suspected communists. Despite these efforts, he faced significant internal resistance and the nation became dependent on U.S. aid. He was assassinated by a presidential guard with leftist sympathies, and he became the first of a series of authoritarian rulers in Guatemala who were close allies to the United States.

A German statesman who served as the first chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union, a conservative, center-right political party still active in German politics today. Under his leadership, West Germany switched from focusing on de-Nazification to economic recovery and increased its relationship with Western allies such as France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A strong anti-communist, he refused to give diplomatic recognition to communist East Germany, joined NATO, and was a signer of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 creating the European Economic Community (EEC). Considered as one of the 'Founding Fathers of the European Union' and was named the 'Greatest German of All Time' in 2003 in nationwide TV poll. Who is this individual?

A British statesman, trade union leader, and Labour Party politician who co-founded and was General Secretary of the powerful Transport and General Workers' Union from 1922 to 1940, served as Minister of Labour and National Service during World War II, and played an important role in the end of the Mandate of Palestine.

Who is described by the following facts? - A Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. - He was the first democratically-elected president of Poland since 1926. - Originally an electrician, he became the leader of the pro-democracy trade union the Solidarity Movement, which in 1989 ended communist rule in Poland. - His first political victory came in 1980 with the Gdansk Agreement between striking workers and the communist government. - After martial law was imposed in the early 1980s, the Solidarity Movement was outlawed and he was arrested. - He helped establish the Round Table Agreement that led to semi-free parliamentary elections in 1989 and a Solidarity-led coalition government. - He helped Poland transition from being a Marxist-Leninist socialism to free-market capitalist democracy. - Since 1980, he has received hundreds of prizes and honors for his pro-democracy advocacy including the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom. - In 1989, he became the first foreign non-head of state to address a Joint Session of the U.S. Congress.

When was Ernest Bevin born and when did he die?

When was Dean Rusk born and when did he die?

When was Klaus Fuchs born and when did he die?

A Soviet military intelligence colonel within the Main Intelligence Directorate during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He informed the United States and United Kingdom about Soviet military secrets including the size and location of Soviet intermediate-range ballistic missile installations and the weak spots of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile program. Codename "Hero" for the CIA; codename "Yoga" for MI6. His intelligence as a double agent for the West allowed President John F. Kennedy to navigate the challenges of the Cuban Missile Crisis and avoid nuclear war. He was the highest-ranking official to betray the Soviet Union to provide intelligence to the West. He was arrested by the Soviet Union in October 1962 and was tried and executed the following year.

A German communist politician who helped created the Communist Party of Germany during the inter-war period as well as help found the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). He was First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1950 to 1971, making him the main decision-maker in East Germany, as well as East German's head of state from 1960 until his death in 1971. Under his leadership, he allowed violent Soviet suppression during the 1953 East German Uprising, joined the Warsaw Pact in 1955, and, in general, presided over the total suppression of civil and political rights in East Germany. The nationalization of industry failed to stimulate the economy or raise the standard of living to those comparable in West Germany, which resulted in massive migration. He pressured the Soviet Union for permission to build the Berlin Wall in 1961. His lackluster economic reforms in the 1960s led to his forcible retirement and was succeeded by Erich Honecker. He suffered a stroke and died in 1973.

A Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who led Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003. He also was the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1991. Rising through Georgian politics by advocating policies of anti-corruption. As First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, he would drive economic growth as well. As foreign minister under Mikhail Gorbachev until the collapse of the Soviet Union, he would be second-in-command for all foreign policy in the transformative Gorbachev era, and would be seen as the face of perestroika economic reform. After the fall of the Soviet Union, he would lead an independent Georgia as president in 1995. He would sign the Sochi Agreement between Georgia and Russia after a brief conflict, signed the nation up for the Commonwealth of Independent States, joined the Council of Europe in 1999, and declared its intention to join NATO in 2002. His post-Soviet presidency was known for its gross corruption and nepotism and allegations of election fraud in the legislature led the Rose Revolution and his resignation in 2003.

A Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba and then president, was ________.

Who served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1965 until 2011 and was ideologically a Marxist-Leninist and Cuban nationalist?

Under whose rule did Cuba become a one-party communist state, with industry and business nationalized and socialist reforms implemented throughout society?

Who planned the failed overthrow of Cuban president Fulgencio Batista in 1953 after participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia?

After one year in prison, who travelled to Mexico and formed the 26th of July Movement with his brother Raul Castro and Ernesto 'Che' Guevara?

After taking over Cuba in 1959, the United States unsuccessfully attempted to remove this leader by assassination, economic embargo, and counter-revolution, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. Who was this leader?

Cuba aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, under the leadership of ________.

Whose policies included central economic planning, expanding healthcare and education, and state control of the press and suppression of internal dissent in Cuba?

Who supported anti-imperialist revolutionary groups and backed the establishment of Marxist governments in Chile, Nicaragua, and Grenada, as well as sending troops in the Yom Kippur War, Ogaden War, and the Angolan Civil War?

The leadership of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1979 to 1983, which made Cuba's world profile rise, was under ________.

Who was the longest-serving non-royal head of state in the 20th and 21st centuries and transferred his governing responsibilities to his brother Raul Castro in 2006?