WorksheetsMuscle Tissue and Connective Tissue Coverings
Total questions: 99
Worksheet time: 50mins
Name the three types of muscle tissue in the muscular system.
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Skeletal, Nervous, Connective
Cardiac, Epithelial, Smooth
Smooth, Connective, Adipose
Which type of muscle is attached to bones of the skeleton and is voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle
Cardiac muscle makes up most of the wall of the heart. Is it voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Voluntary
Semi-voluntary
Non-contractile
Smooth muscles are found in internal organs such as those of the digestive tract. Are they voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Voluntary
Skeletal
Cardiac
Which type of muscle is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Striated muscle
Skeletal muscles are composed of which four types of tissues?
Skeletal muscle tissue, Nervous tissue, Blood, Connective tissues
Cardiac muscle tissue, Epithelial tissue, Blood, Adipose tissue
Smooth muscle tissue, Cartilage, Blood, Nervous tissue
Bone tissue, Nervous tissue, Blood, Connective tissues
Which connective tissue covering surrounds the whole muscle?
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Sarcolemma
Which connective tissue covering surrounds fascicles within a muscle?
Perimysium
Epimysium
Endomysium
Sarcolemma
Which connective tissue covering surrounds muscle fibers (cells) within a fascicle?
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Sarcolemma
What is the cell membrane in muscle cells called?
Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Endomysium
Perimysium
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
True
False
What are the two types of filaments that interact with each other to put one foot in front of the other?
Thin blue filaments and thick arrow myosin filaments
Actin filaments and collagen fibers
Elastin fibers and keratin filaments
Microtubules and intermediate filaments
Sarcomeres are ______ to ______ line.
z line to z line
m line to m line
a band to a band
i band to i band
What are the tiny openings outside of cells called?
Mitochondria
Transverse tubule (T)
Sarcomeres
Myosin protein
Tick filaments are composed of ______ protein: heads from cross-bridges.
myosin
actin
tropomyosin
keratin
Thin filaments are composed of ______ protein and are associated with ______ and ______, which prevent cross-bridge formation when muscle is not contracting.
actin, troponin, tropomyosin
myosin, actin, calmodulin
collagen, elastin, fibrin
keratin, myoglobin, titin
What needs to attach to the thin filaments actin to cause muscle contraction?
Troponin
Purple myosin heads
Mitochondria
Transverse tubule
The interaction between thick and thin filaments is what makes contractions happen.
True
False
Nerves from the brain can enter inside a muscle and then go deeper into the fascicle to end up at the surface of the muscle cell. Then go into T tubules to cause thick and thin filaments to interact.
True
False
What is the site where an axon of motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber interact called?
Neuromuscular Junction: Synapse
Myelin Sheath
Node of Ranvier
Dendritic Spine
During excitation-contraction coupling, what does calcium do?
Blocks the binding sites
Rolls tropomyosin out of the way
Shortens the sarcomere
Forms cross-bridges
What happens as long as calcium is present during muscle contraction?
Attachment and detachment of myosin heads to actin repeats
Release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft
Breakdown of ATP into ADP and phosphate
Transport of oxygen by hemoglobin
What is the process of muscle relaxation?
Electricity is required
Acetylcholine is not broken down
No electricity, no acetylcholine (broken down by acetylcholinesterase (enzyme))
Muscle remains contracted
A flexed muscle is a ________ muscle.
shortened
elongated
relaxed
stretched
Which of the following is NOT an energy source for muscle contraction?
ATP reserves
Creatine phosphate
Cellular respiration
Glucose only
The three energy sources for muscle contraction are:
ATP, creatine phosphate, and glucose
ATP, lactic acid, and oxygen
Glucose, glycogen, and lactic acid
Creatine phosphate, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Oxygen debt is the time it takes to turn ________ acid into lactic acid.
pyruvic
citric
hydrochloric
sulfuric
Which of the following is a common cause of muscle fatigue?
Increased blood flow
Decreased blood flow
Decreased lactic acid
Increased desire to exercise
A muscle cramp is a sustained ________ muscle contraction.
involuntary
voluntary
passive
relaxed
Muscle contraction contributes to body heat.
True
False
A muscle cramp may be caused by:
Dehydration
Excessive sleep
Low sugar intake
High protein diet
What is the minimum strength of stimulation the muscle needs to receive for it to contract called?
Threshold stimulus
Maximum stimulus
Subthreshold stimulus
Resting potential
A contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single impulse is called a ________.
Twitch
Summation
Tetanus
Fatigue
The split second before contraction in a muscle twitch is called the ________.
Latent period
Refractory period
Relaxation phase
Contraction period
What are the three phases of a muscle twitch?
Latent period, Contraction, Relaxation
Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolarization
Initiation, Propagation, Termination
Excitation, Inhibition, Recovery
When individual twitches combine to make a sustained contraction, this is called ________.
Summation
Relaxation
Fatigue
Tetanus
What is a motor unit?
A motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it controls
A single muscle fiber
A group of sensory neurons
A tendon connecting muscle to bone
Course movements are produced with ________ numbers of fibers in a motor unit.
large
small
equal
minimal
Precise movements are produced with ________ muscle fibers in a motor unit.
fewer
more
larger
thicker
Recruitment is bringing more ________ to the task.
muscle cells
blood vessels
nerve fibers
hormones
Muscle tone is the continuous state of partial contraction in resting muscles.
True
False
Isotonic contraction means the muscle contracts and changes length.
True
False
Isometric muscle contraction means the muscle contracts but does not change length.
True
False
Hypertrophy is the ________ of skeletal muscle that is exercised.
enlargement
weakening
fracture
atrophy
Atrophy is the ________ in size and strength of skeletal muscle that is unused.
decrease
increase
maintenance
improvement
Which type of muscle has no striations, one nucleus, and is shorter?
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Voluntary muscle
Which type of muscle is striated, has branching fibers, and one nucleus?
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Skeletal muscle is characterized by being ________, striated, and having multiple nuclei.
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Connective
When bones or body parts move, bones and muscle act as ________.
levers
hinges
springs
pulleys
What is the term for the muscle that causes an action, such as the bicep when flexing?
Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Prime mover
The muscle primarily responsible for movement is called the ________. In some cases, the terms 'agonist' and 'prime mover' are used interchangeably.
prime mover
antagonist
synergist
fixator
Synergists are muscles that assist the ________ or prime mover.
agonist
antagonist
flexor
extensor
Muscles whose contraction causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover are called ________.
antagonists
synergists
agonists
flexors
The nervous system detects changes, makes decisions, stimulates muscle and glands to respond, and maintains ________.
homeostasis
digestion
respiration
photosynthesis
Neural tissue contains two cell types: neurons and ________.
neuroglia
erythrocytes
osteocytes
hepatocytes
Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia?
Surround and support neurons
Nourish neurons
Send & receive messages
Contract muscles
What is the function of motor neurons?
Make something happen
Transmit sensory information to the brain
Store genetic information
Regulate hormone production
What do nerves stimulate in the body?
Muscles and glands
Bones and cartilage
Blood and lymph
Skin and hair
DENDRITES receive information (touch/temperature/etc) down the ______ (senses the information).
AXON
SOMA
SYNAPSE
GLIA
What does the cell body of a neuron house?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell wall
What is the function of neuroglia?
Support and nourish
Transmit nerve impulses
Produce hormones
Contract muscles
Which of the following are parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Which system connects the CNS to other body parts?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Integrative System
Motor Division
Select the correct order of the steps of the nervous system.
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neuron → CNS → Motor neuron → Effector → Response
Effector → CNS → Sensory neuron → Receptor → Stimulus → Motor neuron → Response
Response → Effector → Motor neuron → CNS → Sensory neuron → Receptor → Stimulus
CNS → Stimulus → Receptor → Motor neuron → Effector → Sensory neuron → Response
What is the function of sensory receptors in the nervous system?
Gather information by detecting changes
Transmit signals to muscles for movement
Store memories and experiences
Produce hormones for body regulation
What is the integrative function of the nervous system?
The nervous system coordinates sensory information to create sensations, memories, thoughts and makes decisions on the body's response to sensory information.
The nervous system produces hormones to regulate metabolism.
The nervous system transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
The nervous system breaks down food to absorb nutrients.
What is the motor function of the nervous system?
Decisions are acted upon. Impulses are carried to effectors (muscles or glands). Divisions of motor portion of PNS (Somatic or autonomic nervous system).
It is responsible for interpreting sensory information only.
It stores memories and emotions exclusively.
It regulates the production of hormones in the endocrine system.
Which of the following can the nervous system tell muscles to do?
Contract or relax
Only contract
Only relax
None of the above
Which of the following can the nervous system tell glands to do?
Release hormones
Stop releasing hormones
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
What does the cell body (soma) of a neuron contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, neurofilaments, chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies)
Only axons and dendrites
Myelin sheath and Schwann cells only
Blood vessels and connective tissue only
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Branched receptive surfaces; a neuron may have many dendrites.
Transmit impulses away from the cell body.
Store genetic information for the neuron.
Produce neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission.
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters to another neuron or effector (another neuron, a muscle cell or a gland cell); a neuron may have only 1 axon.
Receives signals from other neurons and transmits them to the cell body.
Stores genetic information and controls cell activities.
Produces myelin to insulate and protect nerve fibers.
List the parts of neuron structure mentioned in the worksheet.
Dendrites, axons, axon hillock, collaterals, axon terminal, synaptic knob, cell body, neurofilaments, chromatophilic substance.
Dendrites, myelin sheath, Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles.
Axons, dendrites, sarcomeres, intercalated discs, myofibrils, T-tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Z-lines, M-lines.
Cell body, axon, chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole, plasmodesmata, amyloplasts, tonoplast, peroxisomes.
What are Schwann cells made of?
Myelin
Collagen
Keratin
Elastin
What is the role of Schwann cells?
They insulate axons allowing electricity to jump and travel even faster.
They produce neurotransmitters at synapses.
They generate action potentials in neurons.
They absorb excess potassium ions from the synaptic cleft.
What is the main difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons in the PNS?
Myelinated axons have a series of Schwann cells lined up along the axon, each having a wrapped coating of myelin insulating the axon, while unmyelinated axons are encased by Schwann cell cytoplasm but do not have a wrapped coating of myelin.
Myelinated axons lack Schwann cells, while unmyelinated axons are covered by multiple layers of Schwann cells.
Myelinated axons transmit impulses more slowly than unmyelinated axons due to the presence of myelin.
Unmyelinated axons have a wrapped coating of myelin, while myelinated axons do not.
Unmyelinated axons impulse travel slower.
True
False
Multiple Sclerosis is a disorder that attacks the ______ sheath on neurons (autoimmune attack on antibodies).
myelin
axon
dendrite
synaptic
What are two consequences of Multiple Sclerosis mentioned in the text?
Scars are left behind and atrophy of muscles (stop contracting and become weak).
Increased bone density and improved vision.
Rapid hair growth and enhanced memory.
Faster reflexes and stronger immune system.
Which type of neuron is described as having 99% of neurons and many processes?
Multipolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
How many processes does a bipolar neuron have?
2 processes
1 process
3 processes
4 processes
What is the function of neuroglia according to the text?
Structure support for neurons and stimulate specialization.
Transmit electrical impulses between neurons.
Produce hormones for the endocrine system.
Store genetic information in the brain.
What is the function of astrocytes in the nervous system?
Go between blood and brain (barrier); Gatekeeper
Transmit electrical impulses
Produce myelin sheath
Initiate muscle contraction
Which type of neuroglia is responsible for myelin wrapping around neurons in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Schwann cells
What is the main function of microglia in the nervous system?
Cleaner cells
Transmit electrical signals
Produce myelin
Store neurotransmitters
Ependyma or ependymal cells: What do they line and what do they protect?
Line fluid filled spaces; protect spinal fluid
Line blood vessels; protect red blood cells
Line muscle fibers; protect connective tissue
Line bone marrow; protect white blood cells
Which cells produce myelin sheath found on some peripheral axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission?
Schwann Cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
What is the function of satellite cells in the nervous system?
Support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
Transmit electrical impulses between neurons
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Form the blood-brain barrier
Define ganglia in the context of the nervous system.
A structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.
A type of muscle tissue responsible for voluntary movements.
A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Mature neurons do not divide.
True
False
What usually happens if the cell body of a neuron is injured?
The neuron usually dies
The neuron regenerates completely
The axon grows longer
The neuron becomes stronger
In the PNS, what happens if the peripheral axon is injured?
It may or may not regenerate
It always regenerates fully
It never regenerates
It immediately forms a scar
In the PNS, if the cell body is destroyed, what happens?
It is not regenerating
It regenerates quickly
It becomes stronger
It divides into two cells
What do Schwann cells do if regeneration can occur in the PNS?
Make tube for axon to grow
Produce neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission
Initiate muscle contraction directly
Form the blood-brain barrier
In the CNS, do oligodendrocytes make new ones after injury?
No, oligodendrocytes do not make new ones after injury
Yes, oligodendrocytes rapidly regenerate after injury
Oligodendrocytes transform into neurons after injury
Oligodendrocytes fuse with astrocytes to repair damage
What is a synapse?
When a neuron transmits a nerve impulse to another neuron
A type of muscle found in the heart
A chemical that digests food in the stomach
A blood vessel that carries oxygen
What do presynaptic neurons do?
Presynaptic neurons send impulse.
Presynaptic neurons receive impulse.
Presynaptic neurons store neurotransmitters permanently.
Presynaptic neurons block synaptic transmission.
What do postsynaptic neurons do?
Postsynaptic neurons receive impulse.
Postsynaptic neurons send hormones.
Postsynaptic neurons produce enzymes.
Postsynaptic neurons store oxygen.
What separates the two neurons?
The synaptic cleft separates the 2 neurons.
The axon hillock separates the 2 neurons.
The myelin sheath separates the 2 neurons.
The dendrite separates the 2 neurons.
