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Biochemistry Practice Quiz

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following best describes the carbohydrate classification of lactose?

a)

Monosaccharide

b)

Disaccharide

c)

Polysaccharide

d)

Oligosaccharide

2.

Which of the following foods is the best example of a complex polysaccharide?

a)

White sugar

b)

Honey

c)

Starch

d)

Galactose

3.

Which of the following carbohydrate classifications includes dietary fiber?

a)

Soluble polysaccharides like pectin

b)

Disaccharides like sucrose

c)

Monosaccharides like glucose

d)

Oligosaccharides like raffinose

4.

Which of the following best explains why glucose is preferred as the primary energy source?

a)

It is stored in muscles only

b)

It directly enters glycolysis for ATP production

c)

It is not absorbed in the intestine

d)

It cannot cross the cell membrane

5.

A nurse screens a patient for diabetes. The fasting blood glucose level is 160 mg/dL. Which of the following best classifies this result?

a)

Normal

b)

Impaired fasting glucose

c)

Diabetes mellitus

d)

Hypoglycemia

6.

A patient becomes sweaty and shaky after skipping breakfast. A glucometer reading shows 45 mg/dL. Which of the following best describes this clinical finding?

a)

Hypoglycemia

b)

Normal fasting glucose

c)

Impaired glucose tolerance

d)

Hyperglycemia

7.

Which of the following is the end product of aerobic glycolysis?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Lactate

c)

Acetyl-CoA

d)

Citrate

8.

A premature infant has low enzyme activity in glycolysis, leading to hemolytic anemia. Which of the following glycolytic enzymes is commonly deficient?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Pyruvate kinase

c)

Phosphofructokinase

d)

Enolase

9.

A patient with atherosclerosis is advised to reduce dietary cholesterol. Which lipid is most associated with arterial plaque formation?

a)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

b)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

c)

Triglycerides

d)

Phospholipids

10.

Which of the following represents the net ATP yield per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

6 ATP

d)

8 ATP

11.

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the Krebs cycle?

a)

Direct production of glucose

b)

Oxidation of acetyl-CoA for energy carriers

c)

Storage of ATP in glycogen

d)

Conversion of fatty acids to glucose

12.

A patient with thiamine deficiency shows neurological symptoms due to impaired oxidative metabolism. Which of the following Krebs cycle enzymes directly requires thiamine as a cofactor?

a)

Citrate synthase

b)

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

c)

Succinate dehydrogenase

d)

Fumarase

13.

Which of the following correctly represents the yield from one acetyl-CoA in the cycle?

a)

3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 1 GTP

b)

2 NADH, 2 ATP, 1 CO₂

c)

4 NADH, 1 FADH₂, 2 ATP

d)

1 NADH, 3 FADH₂, 1 GTP

14.

Which of the following intermediates is directly formed when acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate?

a)

Citrate

b)

Malate

c)

Fumarate

d)

Succinyl-CoA

15.

Which of the following molecules is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

NADH

d)

ATP synthase

16.

Which of the following is the approximate ATP yield from one NADH in the ETC?

a)

1 ATP

b)

2 ATP

c)

3 ATP

d)

4 ATP

17.

Which of the following reduced cofactors from metabolism delivers electrons to Complex II?

a)

NADH

b)

FADH₂

c)

ATP

d)

Oxygen

18.

A fasting patient relies on stored fats for energy. Fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria for ATP. Which of the following is the primary product of beta-oxidation that enters the Krebs cycle?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Acetyl-CoA

c)

Lactate

d)

Citrate

19.

Which of the following processes removes the amino group from amino acids before energy use?

a)

Transamination

b)

Deamination

c)

Oxidation

d)

Carboxylation

20.

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes has fruity-smelling breath. Which of the following ketone bodies is responsible for this odor?

a)

Acetone

b)

Acetoacetate

c)

β-hydroxybutyrate

d)

Lactate

21.

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in humans?

a)

Glycogen

b)

Sucrose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

22.

Which of the following organs is responsible for urea cycle activity?

a)

Kidney

b)

Liver

c)

Pancreas

d)

Muscle

23.

A patient on a mixed diet consumes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Which of the following common intermediates links all three macronutrients to the Krebs cycle?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Acetyl-CoA

c)

Lactate

d)

GTP

24.

Which of the following best describes the central role of acetyl-CoA?

a)

Only used in protein synthesis

b)

A metabolic hub connecting energy and biosynthesis

c)

Excreted directly as urea

d)

Stored in muscles as ATP

25.

A nurse monitors a patient who is NPO (nothing by mouth) for 12 hours. The liver helps maintain blood glucose during fasting. Which of the following processes primarily maintains blood glucose in this state?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Glycogenolysis

c)

Lipogenesis

d)

Ketogenesis

26.

Which of the following cycles normally detoxifies ammonia in the liver?

a)

Krebs cycle

b)

Urea cycle

c)

Cori cycle

d)

Pentose phosphate pathway

27.

Which of the following hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and glycogen synthesis?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

c)

Cortisol

d)

Epinephrine

28.

Which of the following hormones stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding?

a)

Prolactin

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Estrogen

d)

Progesterone

29.

Which of the following hormone regulates basal metabolic rate by stimulating oxygen consumption and heat production?

a)

Insulin

b)

Thyroxine

c)

Growth hormone

d)

Aldosterone

30.

Which of the following hormone increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating bone resorption and enhancing intestinal absorption?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Insulin

31.

Which of the following hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure?

a)

Insulin

b)

Cortisol

c)

Epinephrine

d)

Growth hormone

32.

The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes which reaction in glycolysis?

a)

Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate

b)

Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate

c)

Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

d)

Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

33.

Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the cell?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi body

34.

The building blocks of proteins are:

a)

Sugars

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Amino acids

d)

Fatty acids

35.

A key intermediate in the urea cycle is:

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Citrate

c)

Arginine

d)

Malate

36.

The substance on which an enzyme acts is called:

a)

Product

b)

Substrate

c)

Coenzyme

d)

Catalyst

37.

Glycogen is stored primarily in:

a)

Liver and muscle

b)

Brain and heart

c)

Kidney and pancreas

d)

Lung and bone

38.

Which of the following is the building block of proteins?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Amino acids

c)

Fatty acids

d)

Nucleotides

39.

Which of the following biomolecules is the main source of quick energy?

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic acids

40.

Which of the following biomolecules carries genetic information?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic acids

41.

Which of the following biomolecules carries genetic information?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic acids

42.

Which of the following vitamins is involved in the carboxylation of proteins in the blood clotting process?

a)

Vitamin A

b)

Vitamin B12

c)

Vitamin K

d)

Vitamin D

43.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of starch into maltose during digestion?

a)

Lactase

b)

Amylase

c)

Sucrase

d)

Maltase

44.

Which of the following hormones promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Cortisol

d)

Thyroid hormone

45.

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Beta-oxidation

46.

Which of the following is the main function of bile in digestion?

a)

Breakdown of proteins

b)

Emulsification of fats

c)

Absorption of carbohydrates

d)

Activation of enzymes

47.

Which of the following is the first molecule produced in the Krebs cycle from acetyl-CoA?

a)

Citrate

b)

Succinyl-CoA

c)

Malate

d)

α-Ketoglutarate

48.

Which of the following is an enzyme involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

a)

Phosphofructokinase

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Pyruvate kinase

d)

All of the above

49.

Which of the following macronutrients is primarily metabolized to form ketone bodies during prolonged fasting?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats

d)

Fiber

50.

Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Beta-oxidation

d)

Both B and C

51.

Which of the following metabolic pathways results in the formation of lactate?

a)

Glycolysis under anaerobic conditions

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Beta-oxidation

d)

Gluconeogenesis

52.

Which of the following amino acids is essential?

a)

Glutamine

b)

Alanine

c)

Leucine

d)

Tyrosine

53.

Which of the following fatty acids is classified as unsaturated?

a)

Palmitic acid

b)

Oleic acid

c)

Stearic acid

d)

Butyric acid

54.

Which of the following molecules is the precursor for steroid hormone synthesis?

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Fatty acids

c)

Glucose

d)

Amino acids

55.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

a)

Detoxification

b)

Production of bile

c)

Glycogen storage

d)

Regulation of blood pressure

56.

Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production during intense exercise?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Beta-oxidation

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Creatine phosphate system

57.

Which of the following is the correct description of the function of insulin?

a)

Increases blood glucose levels

b)

Decreases blood glucose levels

c)

Stimulates glycogen breakdown

d)

Stimulates gluconeogenesis

58.

Which of the following is a result of the activation of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

a)

Increased glucose uptake

b)

Increased ATP production

c)

Decreased glucose uptake

d)

Decreased glycolysis

59.

Which of the following is true about the electron transport chain (ETC)?

a)

It occurs in the cytoplasm

b)

It generates ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation

c)

It transfers electrons to oxygen to form water

d)

It produces lactate

60.

Which of the following molecules is involved in the transport of electrons in the ETC?

a)

NADH

b)

Oxygen

c)

FADH₂

d)

Both A and C

61.

Which of the following lipoproteins is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues?

a)

HDL

b)

LDL

c)

VLDL

d)

Chylomicrons

62.

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol?

a)

Lipase

b)

Amylase

c)

Sucrase

d)

Protease

63.

Which of the following molecules is primarily used by muscle cells for energy during aerobic respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Fatty acids

c)

Amino acids

d)

Ketone bodies

64.

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

ATP

c)

NADH

d)

Acetyl-CoA

65.

Which of the following macronutrients provides the most energy per gram?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Fats

d)

Alcohol

66.

Which of the following is the primary purpose of gluconeogenesis?

a)

To convert glycogen into glucose

b)

To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

c)

To produce ATP

d)

To convert glucose into fatty acids

67.

Which of the following is an example of a saturated fatty acid?

a)

Oleic acid

b)

Stearic acid

c)

Linoleic acid

d)

Palmitoleic acid

68.

Which of the following is the site of fatty acid synthesis?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Nucleus

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

69.

Which of the following is the role of acetyl-CoA in cellular metabolism?

a)

Acts as a precursor for glucose synthesis

b)

Enters the Krebs cycle for energy production

c)

Is converted into ketone bodies

d)

All of the above

70.

Which of the following processes involves the removal of an amino group from an amino acid?

a)

Transamination

b)

Deamination

c)

Glycolysis

d)

Oxidation

71.

Which of the following is the main source of energy for brain cells under normal conditions?

a)

Fatty acids

b)

Glucose

c)

Amino acids

d)

Ketone bodies

72.

Which of the following is a product of the pentose phosphate pathway?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

Acetyl-CoA

d)

Glucose-6-phosphate

73.

Which of the following molecules is a direct product of glycolysis?

a)

Lactate

b)

Glucose-6-phosphate

c)

Pyruvate

d)

Acetyl-CoA

74.

Which of the following conditions can cause a decrease in glycogen synthesis?

a)

Increased insulin levels

b)

Increased glucagon levels

c)

Increased blood glucose levels

d)

All of the above

75.

Which of the following is the precursor for the synthesis of serotonin?

a)

Tyrosine

b)

Tryptophan

c)

Phenylalanine

d)

Glutamate

76.

Which of the following is the primary storage form of glucose in animals?

4 lines
77.

Which of the following is the function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

a)

Provide energy

b)

Facilitate communication

c)

Form the bilayer structure of the membrane

d)

Store genetic information

78.

Which of the following best describes the function of the enzyme RNA polymerase?

a)

Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template

b)

Transcribes RNA into DNA

c)

Synthesizes proteins from RNA

d)

Modifies RNA molecules

79.

Which of the following molecules is a byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Water

d)

Acetyl-CoA

80.

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

a)

Converts mRNA into amino acids

b)

Carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis

c)

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

d)

Synthesizes DNA from RNA

81.

Which of the following substances is synthesized in the liver and transported to the blood to regulate cholesterol levels?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Lipoproteins

d)

Bile acids

82.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

a)

Phosphofructokinase

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Glucose-6-phosphatase

d)

Phosphoglucose isomerase

83.

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

a)

Phosphofructokinase

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Glucose-6-phosphatase

d)

Phosphoglucose isomerase

84.

Which of the following molecules is primarily responsible for the regulation of the body's fluid balance?

a)

Glucose

b)

Sodium

c)

Potassium

d)

Calcium

85.

Which of the following is the main function of red blood cells?

a)

Transport oxygen

b)

Produce antibodies

c)

Synthesize proteins

d)

Regulate blood pressure

86.

Which of the following substances is used by the body to increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity?

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Myoglobin

c)

Fibrin

d)

Vitamin K

87.

Which of the following conditions results from a deficiency in vitamin C?

a)

Rickets

b)

Scurvy

c)

Pellagra

d)

Beriberi

88.

Which of the following substances is involved in the process of DNA replication?

a)

Ligase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

All of the above

89.

Which of the following pathways is responsible for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?

a)

Citric Acid Cycle

b)

Glycolysis

c)

Gluconeogenesis

d)

Beta-oxidation

90.

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Packaging and distribution of molecules

c)

DNA replication

d)

Energy production

91.

Which of the following hormones increases glucose production in the liver?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Epinephrine

d)

Cortisol

92.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an enzyme?

a)

They increase the activation energy of a reaction

b)

They are consumed in the reaction

c)

They can be used repeatedly in reactions

d)

They lower the temperature of a reaction

93.

Which of the following substances is a protein involved in the immune response?

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Insulin

c)

Antibodies

d)

Collagen

94.

Which of the following vitamins is essential for calcium absorption in the gut?

a)

Vitamin A

b)

Vitamin B12

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Vitamin K

95.

Which of the following is the primary function of mitochondria?

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

ATP production

c)

DNA replication

d)

Storage of genetic information

96.

Which of the following types of RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

miRNA

97.

Which of the following molecules directly supplies energy to drive cellular processes?

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

NADH

d)

Oxygen

98.

Which of the following cells is responsible for producing insulin?

a)

Hepatocytes

b)

Beta cells of the pancreas

c)

Red blood cells

d)

Neurons

99.

Which of the following describes a function of the lymphatic system?

a)

Transport oxygen throughout the body

b)

Transports nutrients to tissues

c)

Defends the body against infections

d)

Circulates blood throughout the body

100.

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the final step of glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Phosphofructokinase

c)

Pyruvate kinase

d)

Lactate dehydrogenase

101.

Which of the following processes is responsible for the generation of most of the ATP during cellular respiration?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Citric Acid Cycle

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Fermentation

102.

Which of the following is the primary form in which cholesterol is transported in the blood?

a)

HDL

b)

LDL

c)

VLDL

d)

Chylomicrons

103.

Which of the following amino acids is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine?

a)

Glutamine

b)

Tryptophan

c)

Phenylalanine

d)

Tyrosine

104.

Which of the following describes the main function of the circulatory system?

a)

Filter out metabolic waste

b)

Transport gases, nutrients, and waste products

c)

Maintain the acid-base balance

d)

Synthesize hormones

105.

Which of the following best describes the function of the pancreas in digestion?

a)

Secretes bile

b)

Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones

c)

Stores glycogen

d)

Absorbs nutrients

106.

Which of the following pathways produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Citric acid cycle

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Fermentation

107.

Which of the following molecules is a direct product of the citric acid cycle?

a)

NADH

b)

ATP

c)

FADH₂

d)

All of the above

108.

Which of the following cellular processes involves the division of the cytoplasm?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Interphase

109.

Which of the following types of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

snRNA

110.

Which of the following molecules is produced during the breakdown of fatty acids in beta-oxidation?

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

Pyruvate

c)

Lactate

d)

Glucose

111.

Which of the following hormones promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

c)

Cortisol

d)

Adrenaline

112.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

a)

Absorption of water

b)

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates

c)

Detoxification of harmful substances

d)

Absorption of nutrients

113.

Which of the following proteins is responsible for transporting oxygen in muscle cells?

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Myoglobin

c)

Fibrinogen

d)

Collagen

114.

Which of the following is the first step in the process of digestion?

a)

Chemical digestion in the stomach

b)

Mechanical digestion in the mouth

c)

Absorption in the small intestine

d)

Bile production in the liver

115.

Which of the following conditions is associated with elevated levels of LDL cholesterol?

a)

Atherosclerosis

b)

Hyperthyroidism

c)

Cystic fibrosis

d)

Hypoglycemia

116.

Which of the following metabolic pathways generates ATP without the use of oxygen?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Oxidative phosphorylation

c)

Citric acid cycle

d)

Electron transport chain

117.

Which of the following molecules is involved in the regulation of blood clotting?

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Collagen

c)

Fibrinogen

d)

Myosin

118.

Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands?

a)

Prolactin

b)

Estrogen

c)

Progesterone

d)

Oxytocin

119.

Which of the following molecules is responsible for the production of the majority of energy (ATP) during cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Oxygen

c)

NADH

d)

ATP synthase

120.

Which of the following describes the function of the enzyme amylase in digestion?

a)

Breaks down proteins into amino acids

b)

Breaks down starch into simpler sugars

c)

Breaks down fats into fatty acids

d)

Converts glucose to fructose

121.

Which of the following is the primary function of the kidneys?

a)

Regulate blood pressure

b)

Detoxify harmful substances

c)

Filter blood and remove waste

d)

Produce red blood cells

122.

Which of the following is the primary source of energy for muscles during prolonged activity?

a)

Glucose

b)

Fatty acids

c)

Amino acids

d)

Creatine phosphate

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