General senses are widely distributed throughout the body.

Name the five special senses.

Which type of receptor responds to changes in light energy?

Which type of receptor responds to tissue damage?

Sensation occurs when the brain interprets sensory impulses.

The difference between sensation and perception is:

Which receptors adapt quickly to repeated stimulation?

Free nerve endings in the skin primarily detect:

Pacinian corpuscles respond to deep pressure and vibration.

Name two types of thermoreceptors.

Which sense lacks sensory adaptation?

Proprioceptors are located in:

Visceral pain may be referred to a different location on the body surface.

What is referred pain?

The receptors for the sense of smell are located in the:

Olfactory receptor cells are examples of:

Olfactory receptors adapt quickly to odors.

The part of the brain that processes olfactory information is:

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation?

Which cranial nerve carries taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Which cranial nerve carries taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue?

Taste buds are located only on the tongue.

Name the five primary taste sensations.

The outer ear includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the auditory ossicles?

The auditory ossicles amplify vibrations from the tympanic membrane.

Name the three auditory ossicles.

Which structure contains the organ of Corti?

The hair cells of the organ of Corti are the sensory receptors for hearing.

Name the two fluids found in the inner ear.

The maculae in the utricle and saccule are responsible for detecting:

The crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals detects:

The vestibule of the inner ear houses the utricle and saccule.

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

Which structure is the outermost layer of the eye and provides protection?

Which part of the eye is transparent and refracts light?

The iris regulates the size of the pupil and thus controls the amount of light entering the eye.

What part of the eye contains the photoreceptors rods and cones?

Which structure of the eye focuses light onto the retina by changing shape?

The optic disc is known as the blind spot because it lacks photoreceptors.

Name the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina.

Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?

(Section 12.4 – Vision): Which photoreceptor is more sensitive in dim light?

Rhodopsin is the light-sensitive pigment in rods.

What vitamin is required for the synthesis of rhodopsin?

Which structure carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain?

The crossing of some optic nerve fibers occurs at the:

(True/False, Section 12.4 – Vision): Each optic tract carries information from both eyes.

(Section 12.4 – Vision): Which lobe of the brain contains the primary visual cortex?

Which layer of the eye contains blood vessels that nourish surrounding tissues?

Which structure changes the shape of the lens for near and far vision?

The aqueous humor is found in the anterior cavity of the eye.

(Section 12.4 – Vision) What fluid fills the posterior cavity of the eye and helps maintain its shape?

(Section 12.4 – Vision) Which structure of the eye contains smooth muscle that controls the diameter of the pupil?

(Section 12.4 – Vision) Which condition results from an uneven curvature of the cornea or lens?

(Section 12.4 – Vision) Glaucoma results from increased pressure due to buildup of aqueous humor.

What condition results from clouding of the lens?

Which condition is characterized by difficulty focusing on close objects due to aging?

Which condition is commonly called "nearsightedness"?

Which condition is commonly called "farsightedness"?

Color blindness results from a lack of certain types of cones in the retina.

What is the medical term for “pink eye”?

With aging, the lens becomes:

Which hearing condition often results from age-related degeneration of hair cells?

Cataracts are more common with aging.

Which sense is typically the first to decline significantly with aging?

Which part of the eye thickens and may yellow with aging, affecting vision?

Which condition involves ringing in the ears?

Glaucoma can cause blindness if untreated.

(Section 12.4 – Vision): Which part of the retina is most affected in macular degeneration?

Night blindness is most often associated with a deficiency of:

Which accessory structure of the eye produces tears?

Tears contain antibacterial enzymes.

What enzyme in tears helps prevent eye infections? (Section 12.4 – Eye Structures)

Which structure lines the inner eyelids and anterior surface of the sclera?

Which muscles move the eyeball within the orbit?

The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) carries impulses for both hearing and balance.

Which cranial nerve controls most eye movements and pupil constriction?

Which cranial nerve controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye?

Which cranial nerve controls lateral rectus muscle movement of the eye?

Facial (CN VII) is also known as _______.