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WorksheetsTopic 2 section 1: Sumer-Ancient Iraq
Total questions: 136
Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What was the Middle East home to, one of the world's first civilizations?
a)
Sumerian civilization
b)
Roman civilization
c)
Egyptian civilization
d)
Greek civilization
e)
Incan civilization
2.
What posed unique challenges to this early civilization?
a)
Its location and other environmental features
b)
Its advanced technology
c)
Its large population
d)
Its lack of leadership
e)
Its isolation from other civilizations
3.
Who were the first of many peoples to contribute to the civilization of the region?
a)
The Sumerians
b)
The Egyptians
c)
The Babylonians
d)
The Assyrians
e)
The Persians
4.
What did the Sumerians make that influenced a long line of later people?
a)
Distinctive contributions
b)
Advanced weapons
c)
Religious doctrines
d)
Philosophical ideas
e)
Artistic creations
5.
Where did Sumerian civilization rise more than 5,000 years ago?
a)
Along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
b)
Along the Nile River
c)
Along the Indus River
d)
Along the Yellow River
e)
Along the Jordan River
6.
What is the Tigris-Euphrates Valley a part of?
a)
The Fertile Crescent
b)
The Sahara Desert
c)
The Amazon Rainforest
d)
The Great Plains
e)
The Himalayan Mountains
7.
Who was attracted to the fertile soil of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley early on?
a)
Stone Age farmers
b)
Nomadic herders
c)
Metalworkers
d)
Fishermen
e)
Hunters
8.
What did their descendants produce that was needed to support growing populations?
a)
Surplus food
b)
New technologies
c)
Written languages
d)
Elaborate art
e)
Sophisticated tools
9.
What did the ancient Greeks call the Tigris-Euphrates Valley?
a)
Mesopotamia
b)
Persia
c)
Babylon
d)
Sumer
e)
Akkad
10.
Around what year did the world's first civilization develop in southeastern Mesopotamia?
a)
3300 B.C.
b)
5000 B.C.
c)
2500 B.C.
d)
1000 B.C.
e)
500 B.C.
11.
Over the centuries, what would emerge in Mesopotamia?
a)
A wide variety of civilizations
b)
A single, unified empire
c)
A series of small villages
d)
A nomadic culture
e)
A religious theocracy
12.
What do the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow from?
a)
The highlands of modern-day Turkey
b)
The Sahara Desert
c)
The Himalayan Mountains
d)
The Alps
e)
The Andes Mountains
13.
What can cause the rivers to overflow in the spring or early summer?
a)
Melting snows from the mountains
b)
Heavy rainfall
c)
Earthquakes
d)
Volcanic eruptions
e)
Tidal waves
14.
What causes huge damage in some years?
a)
Savage floods
b)
Severe droughts
c)
Tornadoes
d)
Earthquakes
e)
Hurricanes
15.
Despite the danger of flooding, what did farmers plant?
a)
A variety of crops
b)
Only grains
c)
Only vegetables
d)
Only fruits
e)
Only root crops
16.
What made the soil fertile?
a)
Silt left by floodwaters
b)
Volcanic ash
c)
Sand and clay
d)
Fertilizers
e)
Manure
17.
What did good soil mean for the people of Mesopotamia?
a)
A stable food supply in most years
b)
A nomadic lifestyle
c)
A reliance on fishing
d)
A need for trade
e)
A focus on hunting
18.
What has the Fertile Crescent often been called?
a)
The crossroads of the world
b)
The garden of Eden
c)
The cradle of civilization
d)
The land of milk and honey
e)
The great desert
19.
Why is it called the crossroads of the world?
a)
It commands access to three continents
b)
It has a large port
c)
It is centrally located
d)
It has many roads
e)
It is a major trading hub
20.
What did nomadic herders, ambitious invaders, and traders do?
a)
Moved through the deserts and crossed the mountains
b)
Built large cities
c)
Established trade routes
d)
Fought wars
e)
Created empires
21.
As a result, what did the region also become?
a)
A crossroads where people and ideas met and mingled
b)
A major battleground
c)
A peaceful kingdom
d)
A religious sanctuary
e)
A solitary region
22.
What did each new group that arrived make?
a)
Its own contributions to the turbulent history of the region
b)
War with the local people
c)
A new government
d)
A new religion
e)
A new language
23.
What did the civilizations that emerged in this region do in time?
a)
Passed on their achievements
b)
Disappeared without a trace
c)
Were conquered by outsiders
d)
Remained isolated
e)
Became technologically stagnant
24.
What was key to the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia?
a)
Control of the Tigris and Euphrates
b)
The discovery of iron
c)
The invention of the wheel
d)
The development of a writing system
e)
The establishment of a unified government
25.
From time to time, what did the rivers do?
a)
Rose in terrifying floods
b)
Dried up completely
c)
Became polluted
d)
Froze over
e)
Changed their course
26.
What did ancient people tell stories about?
a)
The wanderings of a hero named Gilgamesh
b)
The creation of the world
c)
The lives of the gods
d)
The history of their people
e)
The daily life of a farmer
27.
What were these stories collected into?
a)
A long narrative poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh
b)
A holy book
c)
A book of laws
d)
A historical record
e)
A series of folk tales
28.
What does The Epic of Gilgamesh describe?
a)
A great flood that destroys the world
b)
A great war between gods and men
c)
The founding of a city
d)
The building of a temple
e)
The life of a king
29.
What have archaeologists found clear evidence of?
a)
Catastrophic floods occurred regularly in ancient times
b)
There were no floods in ancient times
c)
Floods were a rare event
d)
Floods were caused by human activity
e)
Floods were not a problem
30.
What did lower Mesopotamia suffer from in addition to floods?
a)
Summer droughts and hot winds
b)
Severe winters
c)
Tornados
d)
Earthquakes
e)
Volcanic eruptions
31.
What could summer droughts and hot winds do?
a)
Turn fertile soil to dust, shrivel crops, and cause famine
b)
Cause floods
c)
Cause earthquakes
d)
Help crops grow
e)
Make the soil more fertile
32.
What did early farming communities have to do to survive?
a)
Work together to build dikes, dams, and irrigation systems
b)
Move to a new location
c)
Rely on hunting and gathering
d)
Trade with other communities
e)
Pray to the gods
33.
What did the construction and upkeep of increasingly complex irrigation systems lead to?
a)
The rise of an elaborate, well-run government
b)
The decline of the civilization
c)
The abandonment of the area
d)
The development of new farming techniques
e)
The establishment of a new religion
34.
Who provided the leadership needed to ensure cooperation and a large workforce?
a)
Temple priests and, later, royal officials
b)
The military leaders
c)
The farmers
d)
The traders
e)
The artisans
35.
What did they organize villagers to build?
a)
Dikes to hold back floodwaters and irrigation ditches to carry water to fields
b)
Temples and palaces
c)
Roads and bridges
d)
Walls and fortifications
e)
Markets and stores
36.
What did successful farming communities in Mesopotamia grow into?
a)
Cities
b)
Villages
c)
Towns
d)
Forts
e)
Nomadic tribes
37.
Like river valley civilizations that emerged in other parts of the world, what did Sumerian civilization thrive thanks to?
a)
Fertile soil, water, and the complex organization of government, religion, and specialized classes
b)
Military conquest
c)
Technological superiority
d)
Trade with other civilizations
e)
A lack of natural disasters
38.
By what year did Sumerians build a number of cities?
a)
3000 B.C.
b)
4000 B.C.
c)
2000 B.C.
d)
1000 B.C.
e)
500 B.C.
39.
What did each city and the land surrounding it form?
a)
A city-state
b)
A kingdom
c)
An empire
d)
A nation
e)
A province
40.
What did the Sumerians lack to build these cities?
a)
Building materials such as timber or stone
b)
Skilled labor
c)
Access to water
d)
A strong government
e)
A large population
41.
What did they use to make bricks?
a)
Clay and water
b)
Stone and mortar
c)
Timber and clay
d)
Sand and cement
e)
Mud and straw
42.
What were these bricks the building blocks for?
a)
Some of the world's first great cities
b)
Walls and fortifications
c)
Roads and bridges
d)
Temples and palaces
e)
Homes and villages
43.
By what year had a number of cities emerged in Mesopotamia?
a)
3500 B.C.
b)
2500 B.C.
c)
4000 B.C.
d)
1500 B.C.
e)
500 B.C.
44.
What did each city and the surrounding land form?
a)
A city-state
b)
A kingdom
c)
An empire
d)
A nation
e)
A province
45.
What did the Sumerians have few of, but made the most of what they had?
a)
Natural resources
b)
Skilled laborers
c)
Fertile land
d)
Access to water
e)
Military power
46.
Since they lacked building materials such as timber or stone, what did the Sumerians use to make bricks?
a)
Clay
b)
Sand
c)
Mud
d)
Straw
e)
Reeds
47.
What were these bricks the building blocks for?
a)
Some of the world's first great cities
b)
Walls and fortifications
c)
Roads and bridges
d)
Temples and palaces
e)
Homes and villages
48.
What were the broad avenues in Sumerian cities used for?
a)
Religious processions or victory parades
b)
Trade and commerce
c)
Military training
d)
Public gatherings
e)
Sporting events
49.
What were the largest buildings in Sumerian cities called?
a)
Ziggurats
b)
Pyramids
c)
Temples
d)
Palaces
e)
Fortresses
50.
What was on top of each ziggurat?
a)
A shrine to a particular god or goddess
b)
A palace for the ruler
c)
A marketplace
d)
A library
e)
A school
51.
What did each city have its own of, but might have several ziggurats honoring others?
a)
Chief god or goddess
b)
King or queen
c)
Army general
d)
High priest
e)
Marketplace
52.
Where did rulers live?
a)
In magnificent palaces with spacious courtyards
b)
In tiny houses
c)
In the ziggurat
d)
In the city walls
e)
In the marketplace
53.
Where did most people live?
a)
In tiny houses packed in a web of narrow alleys and lanes
b)
In large palaces
c)
In temples
d)
In the ziggurats
e)
In the countryside
54.
What did artisans who practiced the same trade do?
a)
Lived and worked in the same street
b)
Lived in different parts of the city
c)
Worked in different cities
d)
Lived in the countryside
e)
Lived in the palace
55.
What did these workshop-lined streets form?
a)
A bazaar
b)
A forum
c)
A plaza
d)
A market
e)
A courtyard
56.
What brought riches to the Sumerian cities?
a)
Trade
b)
War
c)
Agriculture
d)
Taxes
e)
Slavery
57.
How did traders exchange goods with distant regions?
a)
Sailed along the rivers or risked the dangers of desert travel
b)
Traveled on foot
c)
Used domesticated animals
d)
Used hot air balloons
e)
Used boats on the sea
58.
What have archaeologists found in the rubble of Sumerian cities?
a)
Goods from as far away as Egypt and India
b)
Weapons and armor
c)
Art and sculpture
d)
Writing tablets
e)
Pottery and tools
59.
What did the Sumerians possibly make that allowed them to carry larger loads on longer journeys?
a)
The first wheeled vehicles
b)
The first boats
c)
The first roads
d)
The first irrigation systems
e)
The first domesticated animals
60.
For what did rival city-states often battle?
a)
Control of land and water
b)
Religious dominance
c)
Political power
d)
Access to trade routes
e)
Military superiority
61.
For protection, to whom did people turn?
a)
War leaders
b)
Priests
c)
Kings
d)
Merchants
e)
Artisans
62.
What did these war leaders become over time?
a)
Hereditary rulers, leading to the rise of monarchies
b)
Democratically elected officials
c)
Religious figures
d)
Philosophers
e)
Artists
63.
What is a monarchy?
a)
A form of government in which one person has complete authority
b)
A form of government in which a group of people rule
c)
A form of government in which the people have power
d)
A form of government in which a military leader has authority
e)
A form of government with no ruler
64.
In each city-state, for what was the ruler responsible?
a)
Maintaining the city walls and irrigation systems
b)
Building new ziggurats
c)
Creating new laws
d)
Expanding the city-state's territory
e)
Negotiating trade deals
65.
What did the ruler do with the army and the laws?
a)
Led its armies in war and enforced the laws
b)
Disbanded the armies and ignored the laws
c)
Allowed the people to lead the armies and enforce the laws
d)
Delegated the responsibilities to others
e)
Used the army for civil projects
66.
What did the ruler employ to carry out functions such as collecting taxes and keeping records?
a)
Scribes
b)
Priests
c)
Soldiers
d)
Merchants
e)
Artisans
67.
In addition to his other duties, what else did the ruler have?
a)
Religious duties
b)
Military duties
c)
Financial duties
d)
Judicial duties
e)
Educational duties
68.
In the early city-states, what were rulers probably seen as?
a)
Priest-kings
b)
Military dictators
c)
Democratic leaders
d)
Hereditary monarchs
e)
Elected officials
69.
What did each Sumerian city-state have that was a system of ranking groups?
a)
A distinct social hierarchy
b)
A democratic system
c)
A communist system
d)
A religious caste system
e)
An equal society
70.
Who was included in the highest social class?
a)
The ruling family, leading officials, and high priests
b)
Scribes, merchants, and artisans
c)
Peasant farmers and slaves
d)
Soldiers and police
e)
Traders and sailors
71.
What was the small middle class made up of?
a)
Scribes, merchants, and artisans
b)
The ruling family, leading officials, and high priests
c)
Peasant farmers and slaves
d)
Soldiers and police
e)
Traders and sailors
72.
Who made up the base of society?
a)
The majority of people, who were mostly peasant farmers
b)
The ruling family, leading officials, and high priests
c)
Scribes, merchants, and artisans
d)
Soldiers and police
e)
Traders and sailors
73.
Who were most of the Sumerian slaves?
a)
People who had been captured in war
b)
People who had sold themselves into slavery to pay their debts
c)
Children of slaves
d)
Criminals
e)
Foreigners
74.
What changed over time in Mesopotamian society?
a)
The role of women
b)
The form of government
c)
The social hierarchy
d)
The economic system
e)
The religious beliefs
75.
Why did women hold a higher social standing in Sumer than in later civilizations?
a)
Goddesses were highly honored in religious practice
b)
They had legal rights equal to those of men
c)
They were in charge of the military
d)
They were the primary breadwinners
e)
They were allowed to be rulers
76.
What did some rulers' wives have, and what did a number of them do?
a)
Supervisory powers and wrote songs about their husbands
b)
Legal rights equal to those of men and commanded armies
c)
Political power and ruled the city-state
d)
Military power and led armies
e)
Religious authority and served as high priests
77.
On rare occasions, what may a woman have done?
a)
Inherited property
b)
Served as a high priest
c)
Led an army
d)
Become a ruler
e)
Become a scribe
78.
What kind of religion did the Sumerians practice?
a)
Polytheistic, worshipping many gods
b)
Monotheistic, worshipping one god
c)
Agnostic, believing in no god
d)
Atheistic, believing in no god
e)
Pantheistic, believing that God is everything
79.
What were the gods thought to control?
a)
Every aspect of life, especially the forces of nature
b)
Only the afterlife
c)
Only the government
d)
Only human behavior
e)
Only the weather
80.
How did Sumerians believe gods and goddesses behaved?
a)
Like ordinary people—they ate, drank, married, and raised families
b)
Like perfect, unchanging beings
c)
Like disembodied spirits
d)
Like animals
e)
Like the forces of nature
81.
What was the Sumerians' highest duty?
a)
To keep their gods and goddesses happy
b)
To make their city-state prosperous
c)
To conquer other city-states
d)
To build the biggest ziggurat
e)
To discover new knowledge
82.
What did each city-state have its own of, to whom people prayed and offered sacrifices?
a)
Special god or goddess
b)
King or queen
c)
High priest
d)
Marketplace
e)
Army
83.
Who served as the high priest for their city-state's chief deity?
a)
Sumerian rulers
b)
Scribes
c)
Merchants
d)
Artisans
e)
Farmers
84.
What did people celebrate many of with ceremonies and processions?
a)
Holy days
b)
Military victories
c)
Agricultural harvests
d)
Births and deaths
e)
Changes in government
85.
What was the most important ceremony?
a)
The one that occurred at the new year
b)
The one that celebrated a military victory
c)
The one that celebrated a good harvest
d)
The one that celebrated a new ruler
e)
The one that celebrated the founding of a city
86.
What did the king do during the new year ceremony?
a)
Sought and won the favor of Inanna
b)
Led a military campaign
c)
Declared new laws
d)
Collected taxes
e)
Announced a new heir to the throne
87.
What did the Sumerians believe in regarding life after death?
a)
An afterlife in a grim underworld from which there was no release
b)
Reincarnation
c)
A blissful afterlife with the gods
d)
An end of existence
e)
A peaceful afterlife where they would be with their ancestors
88.
In what text is the underworld described as a place where the dead live on dust and mud?
a)
The Epic of Gilgamesh
b)
The Sumerian King List
c)
The Code of Hammurabi
d)
The Book of the Dead
e)
The Bible
89.
By what year had Sumerians invented the earliest known writing?
a)
3200 B.C.
b)
5000 B.C.
c)
2500 B.C.
d)
1500 B.C.
e)
500 B.C.
90.
What was this writing later called?
a)
Cuneiform
b)
Hieroglyphics
c)
Alphabet
d)
Script
e)
Pictographs
91.
What does the word "cuneus" mean in Latin?
a)
Wedge
b)
Stone
c)
Clay
d)
Writing
e)
Tablet
92.
What did scribes do to create the writing?
a)
Made wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets
b)
Used a brush on papyrus
c)
Carved symbols into stone
d)
Painted on walls
e)
Used ink on paper
93.
What did cuneiform grow out of?
a)
A system of pictographs used to record goods
b)
A system of hieroglyphics
c)
A spoken language
d)
A system of knots
e)
A religious text
94.
What did Sumerians use their evolved writing to record?
a)
Economic exchanges, myths, prayers, laws, and business contracts
b)
Only economic exchanges
c)
Only religious texts
d)
Only laws
e)
Only business contracts
95.
What was required for Sumerian scribes to acquire their skills?
a)
Years of difficult schooling
b)
A natural talent
c)
A religious calling
d)
A military background
e)
A noble birth
96.
What was the discipline like in the scribal schools?
a)
Strict, with punishment for untidy copying or talking
b)
Lax, with no punishment
c)
Encouraging, with no punishment
d)
Based on merit
e)
Easy, with minimal work
97.
What did students who did well often learn about?
a)
Religion, mathematics, and literature
b)
Only writing
c)
Only math
d)
Only literature
e)
Only religion
98.
Beginning around what year did conquering armies sweep across Mesopotamia?
a)
2500 B.C.
b)
3000 B.C.
c)
2000 B.C.
d)
1500 B.C.
e)
1000 B.C.
99.
What did the newcomers build on?
a)
Sumerian learning and advances in many fields
b)
Egyptian military tactics
c)
Greek philosophy
d)
Roman law
e)
Chinese technology
100.
What did the newcomers then help spread across the Middle East?
a)
The Sumerian legacy
b)
The Akkadian language
c)
The Babylonian laws
d)
The Assyrian military
e)
The Persian religion
101.
What did newcomers to the region adopt from the Sumerians?
a)
Many ideas and innovations
b)
Only their military strategies
c)
Only their religious beliefs
d)
Only their writing system
e)
Only their agricultural techniques
102.
What happened to the myths and gods of the newcomers?
a)
They became mingled with those of Sumer
b)
They were completely replaced by Sumerian gods
c)
They remained separate
d)
They were forgotten
e)
They were spread to new regions
103.
What happened to names in the process of mingling myths and gods?
a)
They changed
b)
They remained the same
c)
They were forgotten
d)
They were replaced with new names
e)
They were adapted for new languages
104.
What did the Sumerian goddess Inanna become, for example?
a)
Ishtar
b)
Isis
c)
Aphrodite
d)
Athena
e)
Freya
105.
Who adapted cuneiform so it could be used with their own languages?
a)
The Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians
b)
The Egyptians
c)
The Greeks
d)
The Romans
e)
The Persians
106.
What did these peoples then help spread across the Middle East?
a)
Sumerian learning
b)
Sumerian military power
c)
Sumerian government structures
d)
Sumerian art forms
e)
Sumerian trade routes
107.
What kind of elements reappeared in other, later civilizations?
a)
A number of elements beyond a written language
b)
Only a written language
c)
Only agricultural techniques
d)
Only religious beliefs
e)
Only political structures
108.
What Sumerian elements influenced later empires and the rise of classical civilizations?
a)
Patriarchal family structure, agricultural-based economies, government structures, and a trade base
b)
Only their writing system
c)
Only their military strategies
d)
Only their religious beliefs
e)
Only their art forms
109.
What did later peoples also elaborate on?
a)
Sumerian oral narratives, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh
b)
Sumerian laws
c)
Sumerian religious ceremonies
d)
Sumerian architectural plans
e)
Sumerian mathematical concepts
110.
What was The Epic of Gilgamesh written down in cuneiform by?
a)
Both the Akkadians and the Babylonians
b)
The Sumerians only
c)
The Greeks and Romans
d)
The Egyptians and Persians
e)
The Assyrians and Hebrews
111.
What did inventive Sumerians make advances in over the centuries?
a)
Astronomy and mathematics
b)
Medicine and biology
c)
Chemistry and physics
d)
Philosophy and literature
e)
History and geography
112.
What did the Sumerians develop to measure and solve problems of calculation?
a)
Basic algebra and geometry
b)
Calculus and trigonometry
c)
Statistics and probability
d)
Arithmetic and calculus
e)
Topology and algebra
113.
What did the Sumerians base their number system on?
a)
Six
b)
Ten
c)
Twelve
d)
Sixty
e)
One hundred
114.
How did they divide the hour and the circle?
a)
Into 60 minutes and 360 degrees
b)
Into 100 minutes and 180 degrees
c)
Into 24 minutes and 100 degrees
d)
Into 30 minutes and 90 degrees
e)
Into 50 minutes and 270 degrees
115.
What did priests do to study the skies?
a)
Recorded the movements of planets, stars, and the moon
b)
Used a telescope
c)
Built an observatory
d)
Created star charts
e)
Consulted with oracles
116.
What did this knowledge enable them to make?
a)
Accurate calendars
b)
Accurate maps
c)
Accurate predictions of the future
d)
Accurate weather forecasts
e)
Accurate measurements of distance
117.
Building on the learning of the Sumerians, what did later Mesopotamian astronomers develop?
a)
Ever more accurate calendars and learned to predict eclipses
b)
Telescopes
c)
New constellations
d)
The first almanacs
e)
New mathematical equations
118.
What did the Sumerians build first, according to the text?
a)
The earliest known wheeled carts and wagons
b)
Boats and ships
c)
Stone monuments
d)
Ziggurats and palaces
e)
Fortifications and walls
119.
What did they then develop that is used to shape wet clay?
a)
The potter's wheel
b)
The chisel
c)
The hammer
d)
The lever
e)
The wedge
120.
What did the Sumerians use to make tools and weapons?
a)
Bronze
b)
Iron
c)
Copper
d)
Tin
e)
Steel
121.
What did they develop to weave cloth?
a)
Looms
b)
Needles
c)
Spindles
d)
Dyes
e)
Baskets
122.
What was equally important technology and engineering skills that they invented?
a)
To build irrigation systems and flood control projects
b)
To build large ships for trade
c)
To build magnificent palaces
d)
To build wheeled vehicles
e)
To build bridges and roads
123.
What kind of carvings did Sumerians produce?
a)
Fine gold, wood, and stone carvings
b)
Fine bronze and silver carvings
c)
Fine clay and ceramic carvings
d)
Fine ivory and jade carvings
e)
Fine glass and metal carvings
124.
What kind of musical instrument did they invent?
a)
A stringed musical instrument, called the lyre
b)
A wind instrument, called the flute
c)
A percussion instrument, called the drum
d)
A stringed instrument, called the harp
e)
A brass instrument, called the trumpet
125.
What have archaeologists uncovered in ivory and precious stones?
a)
Intricate jewelry and small statues
b)
Large sculptures
c)
Fine pottery
d)
Cuneiform tablets
e)
Bronze tools
126.
What did Sumerians also produce that bore a carved design?
a)
Cylinder seals
b)
Clay tablets
c)
Stone carvings
d)
Papyrus scrolls
e)
Bronze plaques
127.
How were these cylinder seals used?
a)
Rolled onto wet clay as a way of "signing" documents
b)
Worn as jewelry
c)
Used as a form of currency
d)
Used as a tool for carving
e)
Used as a religious symbol
128.
What kind of literature did the early Sumerians have?
a)
A rich oral literature
b)
A written literature
c)
A religious literature
d)
A scientific literature
e)
A political literature
129.
What did oral poems tell of?
a)
The heroic deeds of warrior leaders
b)
The lives of the gods
c)
The history of the people
d)
The daily life of a farmer
e)
The creation of the world
130.
What happened to much of Sumerian oral literature?
a)
It was preserved by later peoples who conquered Mesopotamia
b)
It was lost over time
c)
It was destroyed by invaders
d)
It was written down by the Sumerians themselves
e)
It was forgotten by the people
131.
What happened to the Sumerian city-states and language?
a)
The city-states were conquered and the language disappeared
b)
The city-states survived and the language spread
c)
The city-states were conquered but the language survived
d)
The city-states were abandoned and the language was forgotten
e)
The city-states and language were preserved by the conquering peoples
132.
What survived despite the disappearance of the language?
a)
Sumerian inventions and ideas
b)
Sumerian religious beliefs
c)
Sumerian military tactics
d)
Sumerian art forms
e)
Sumerian political structures
133.
What did the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians do with Sumerian knowledge and achievements?
a)
Preserved and furthered them
b)
Destroyed them
c)
Ignored them
d)
Replaced them with their own
e)
Copied them without change
134.
What was the rich heritage of Mesopotamian civilizations later passed on to?
a)
The Greeks and Romans
b)
The Egyptians and Hebrews
c)
The Persians and Indians
d)
The Chinese and Japanese
e)
The Vikings and Normans
135.
From whom was this ancient legacy carried to the Western world?
a)
The Greeks and Romans
b)
The Egyptians and Hebrews
c)
The Persians and Indians
d)
The Chinese and Japanese
e)
The Vikings and Normans
136.
What came to shape Western civilization today?
a)
Developments and innovations made more than 5,000 years ago
b)
The spread of Roman law
c)
The spread of Greek philosophy
d)
The spread of Egyptian religion
e)
The spread of Persian military tactics
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