Worksheetsfinal exam review
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 54mins
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected abruptio placentae. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Dark vaginal bleeding or concealed bleeding in the uterus
Low back pain
Uterus firm and boardlike
Irritability with frequent, brief contractions
Bright red painless vaginal bleeding
A nurse is assessing a client's amniotic fluid during rupture of membranes. Which finding indicates normal amniotic fluid?
Green, foul-smelling fluid
Clear or slightly yellow fluid with no odor
Thick, white fluid with strong odor
Pink-tinged fluid with a sweet odor
A postpartum nurse notes that a client's fundus is soft upon palpation. What is the nurse's first intervention?
Notify the provider
Administer oxytocin
Massage the uterus
Start oxygen therapy
A provider orders a biophysical profile (BPP) for a pregnant client at 36 weeks' gestation. What is the purpose of this test?
To assess for maternal blood type and antibody status
To determine whether the fetus is in good condition and if there is adequate amniotic fluid
To evaluate cervical readiness for induction of labor
To measure fetal head circumference for growth assessment
A newborn assessment reveals swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp that crosses suture lines. Which condition does this indicate?
Cephalohematoma
Caput succedaneum
Hydrocephalus
Subgaleal hemorrhage
A newborn assessment reveals a collection of blood beneath the scalp that does not cross suture lines. Which condition does this indicate?
Caput succedaneum
Hydrocephalus
Cephalohematoma
Subdural hematoma
A nurse is teaching a parent about proper car seat use for their infant. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Place the car seat in the front passenger seat with airbags disabled.
Position the infant semi-reclining in the back seat, facing the rear until 2 years of age.
Place the infant forward-facing at 12 months of age.
Recline the infant fully flat in the back seat until 6 months of age.
A nurse is caring for a client with a cast on the lower extremity. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify as a priority?
Risk for constipation due to immobility
Inadequate tissue perfusion due to cast constriction
Risk for infection related to cast application
Impaired urinary elimination due to restricted mobility
A nurse is providing care for a pregnant client with a history of incompetent cervix. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate?
Administration of magnesium sulfate
Application of a cervical cerclage
Induction of labor at 37 weeks
Bedrest with external fetal monitoring
A nurse is reviewing Erikson’s developmental stages with a group of parents. Which developmental task is expected of a preschooler?
Industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. role confusion
Initiative vs. guilt
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
A postpartum nurse is planning care for a client at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention should the nurse include?
Encourage early ambulation.
Restrict fluid intake to prevent edema.
Apply ice packs to the lower extremities.
Maintain bedrest for the first 48 hours.
A nurse is reviewing risk factors with a client diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Which statement best describes this condition?
The fertilized ovum implants in the lower uterine segment.
The fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube.
The fertilized ovum implants in the endometrium, but fails to develop normally.
The fertilized ovum implants on the cervix.
The nurse is explaining umbilical cord anatomy to a group of students. Which statement is correct?
The umbilical cord contains one artery and two veins.
The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein.
The umbilical cord contains two arteries and two veins.
The umbilical cord contains one artery and one vein.
A fetal heart rate (FHR) monitor shows variable decelerations. Using VEAL CHOP, the nurse knows the likely cause is:
Head compression
Placental insufficiency
Cord compression
Fetal well-being
Which finding on the fetal monitor would the nurse interpret as reassuring and requiring no intervention?
Variable decelerations
Accelerations
Early decelerations
Late decelerations
The nurse observes late decelerations on the fetal monitor strip. Which is the appropriate nursing action?
Document as expected and continue monitoring.
Reposition the client, administer oxygen, and notify the provider immediately.
Encourage the client to ambulate to improve circulation.
Perform a sterile vaginal exam to determine cervical dilation.
A toddler presents with a fever of 39.2°C (102.5°F). Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Dress the child in heavy clothing to promote sweating
Encourage fluid intake and administer antipyretics as prescribed
Place the child under a warming blanket
Alternate between warm baths and heating pads
A nurse is providing parental education for a toddler diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?
I will feed my child large meals three times a day.
I will place my child supine immediately after feeding.
I will offer small, frequent meals and keep my child upright after feeding.
I will avoid burping my child during feedings to prevent vomiting.
The nurse is reviewing hormones of pregnancy with a client. Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the endometrium during pregnancy?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
The nurse is monitoring hydration status in a pediatric client with gastroenteritis. Which is the best indicator of hydration?
Presence of tears when crying
Daily weight
Capillary refill time
Mucous membrane moisture
The nurse is calculating urine output for a child weighing 12 kg. The child voided 240 mL over 8 hours. What is the child’s urine output in mL/kg/hr?
2.5 mL/kg/hr
3.0 mL/kg/hr
2.0 mL/kg/hr
1.5 mL/kg/hr
A nurse is assessing a newborn who has not passed meconium within the expected time frame. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions may prevent passage of meconium?
Hirschsprung disease
Meconium ileus
Imperforate anus
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
A newborn weighed 3,400 g at birth. At a follow-up visit, the infant weighs 3,060 g. What percentage of weight loss has occurred?
8%
10%
12%
15%
A nurse is educating parents about iron-rich foods for their toddler. Which food should the nurse recommend?
Whole milk
Chicken and leafy green vegetables
Applesauce and bananas
White bread and pasta
A child is admitted with Kawasaki disease. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate?
IV immunoglobulin and aspirin
Antibiotics and corticosteroids
Oxygen therapy and bronchodilators
Fluid restriction and diuretics
The nurse is caring for a client receiving magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. Which medication should the nurse keep available as the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity?
Naloxone
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Calcium gluconate
A postpartum nurse is teaching a client about ways to prevent mastitis. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
I should breastfeed every 4 to 6 hours.
I should wash my nipples with soap after each feeding.
I should empty each breast completely during feedings.
I should wear a tight-fitting bra to support my breasts.
A nurse is caring for a client with a suspected hydatidiform mole pregnancy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Vaginal bleeding
Higher-than-expected hCG levels
Rapid uterine growth
A “snowstorm” pattern on ultrasound with no evidence of a fetus
Signs of hyperemesis gravidarum
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Which of the following manifestations are expected?
Progressive muscle degeneration
Delayed motor development
Abnormal gait
Early speech development
ECG abnormalities
A newborn is delivered with spina bifida (myelomeningocele). Which immediate nursing action is most appropriate?
Place the newborn prone with the sac covered by a moist, sterile dressing
Place the newborn supine and apply warm compresses to the sac
Begin range-of-motion exercises for the lower extremities
Cover the sac with a dry dressing and position side-lying
A client’s last normal menstrual period (LNMP) was September 8. Using Nägele’s rule, what is the estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
May 1
June 15
June 8
July 1
A nurse is caring for a premature newborn diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The nurse should recognize that the infant is at greatest risk for which complication?
Severe diarrhea and weight gain
Intestinal tissue death and bowel perforation
Esophageal atresia and reflux
Congenital heart defect
Why is oxytocin commonly administered to postpartum clients?
To stimulate lactation
To relieve pain
To promote uterine contractions and prevent hemorrhage
To prevent infection
What is the initial nursing intervention immediately after the delivery of a newborn?
Place the infant under a radiant warmer
Administer vitamin K and erythromycin
Dry and stimulate the newborn to prevent heat loss and initiate breathing
Apply identification bands
A nurse is assessing an infant suspected of having pyloric stenosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Projectile vomiting
Palpable olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen
Weight gain with adequate feedings
Constant hunger/irritability
Visible peristaltic waves across the abdomen
The nurse is caring for a child with rheumatic fever. Which of the following are expected manifestations?
Polyarthritis
Subcutaneous nodules
Carditis
Chorea (involuntary movements)
Rash (erythema marginatum)
A nurse is providing education to the parents of a child prescribed a Milwaukee brace for scoliosis. Which statements indicate understanding?
The brace should be worn for 23 hours a day.
I should place clothing under the brace to protect the skin.
If my child is uncomfortable, they can skip wearing the brace for a day.
We should regularly check the skin for irritation.
Compliance with the brace is important to prevent curve progression.
A nurse is caring for a child admitted with sickle cell crisis. Which medication is contraindicated?
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Morphine
Meperidine (Demerol)
Which medication is most appropriate for pain management in a child experiencing a sickle cell crisis?
Morphine
Aspirin
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
The nurse is teaching a group of parents about spina bifida. Which type is considered the most severe?
Spina bifida occulta
Spina bifida meningocele
Spina bifida myelomeningocele
Spina bifida cystica
The nurse is reviewing characteristics of spina bifida with a student. Which statement is correct about spina bifida occulta?
The spinal cord and meninges protrude through a sac.
The meninges protrude through the sac but not the spinal cord.
There is no visible sac; the defect is hidden.
It always results in complete paralysis of the lower extremities.
A nurse is providing education to adolescents about the best way to prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which response is correct?
Use of oral contraceptives
Use of condoms with every sexual encounter
Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
Abstinence from sexual intercourse
A nurse is assessing a newborn suspected of having a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Which manifestation is most concerning?
Excessive oral secretions and frothing
Loud, strong cry
Regular bowel movements
Pink color after feeding
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a child recovering from a tonsillectomy. Which food should the nurse recommend?
Hot chicken soup
Citrus juice
Popsicles
Potato chips
A client is pregnant for the third time. She has had one spontaneous abortion, one living child born at 39 weeks, and is currently 16 weeks pregnant. What is her GTPAL?
G3 T1 P0 A1 L1
G2 T1 P0 A0 L1
G3 T0 P1 A1 L1
G2 T0 P0 A1 L1
A nurse is caring for a child in skeletal traction. What is the most important assessment?
Intake and output
Neurovascular status of the affected extremity
Level of consciousness
Skin turgor
The nurse is assessing a child with Down syndrome. Which manifestations are expected?
Tall stature, hypertonia, large hands and feet
Short stature, hypotonia, small ears, protruding tongue
Normal muscle tone, long face, large jaw
Tall stature, thick neck, enlarged extremities
A nurse is assessing a toddler suspected of having a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which manifestation is most consistent with this condition?
Bradycardia
Burning with urination and foul-smelling urine
Constipation and abdominal rigidity
Pink skin and increased appetite
Which of the following is a contraindication for a vaginal delivery?
Maternal history of gestational diabetes
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Induction of labor
Multiple gestation
A pregnant client at 30 weeks’ gestation reports dizziness and lightheadedness while lying flat on her back. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as supine hypotension, which is caused by:
Dehydration from vomiting
Pressure of the gravid uterus on the inferior vena cava
Hormonal changes that lower vascular resistance
Fetal movements that increase maternal heart rate
A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor. Which nursing action is contraindicated?
Measuring abdominal girth daily
Palpating the abdomen for mass changes
Monitoring intake and output
Preparing the child for surgery
Which statement best describes growth in pediatric nursing?
The progressive increase in function of the body
The total way in which a person grows and develops, influenced by genetics
An increase in physical size, measured in inches and pounds
A child’s ability to learn new skills
Which statement best defines development?
The progressive increase in the function of the body
The total influence of genetics on growth
The ability to gain weight and height
The achievement of reproductive maturity
Which term refers to the total way in which a person grows and develops, as dictated by genetics?
Growth
Development
Maturation
Regression
What is the first sign of hypovolemic shock?
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Decreased urine output
Restlessness
Which nursing intervention is most effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a postpartum client?
Encourage strict bedrest for 12 hours
Apply warm compresses to the calves
Encourage early ambulation
Increase oral fluid intake only
The nurse identifies which amount of blood loss as expected for a vaginal delivery?
250 mL
500 mL
750 mL
1000 mL
During a cesarean section, the nurse recognizes that blood loss up to which volume is considered within normal limits?
300 mL
500 mL
1000 mL
1200 mL
Which type of shock is most commonly associated with obstetric delivery complications?
Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
A nurse is caring for a newborn immediately after delivery. Which intervention helps prevent heat loss through evaporation?
Keep the newborn dry after birth
Avoid placing the newborn near windows
Place a hat on the newborn’s head
Warm the crib mattress before placing the newborn in it
The nurse notes a white, cheesy substance covering the skin of a newborn at birth. What is this finding called?
Lanugo
Vernix caseosa
Milia
Mongolian spot
The nurse is assessing an infant with hyperbilirubinemia. Which complications can occur if the condition is left untreated?
Jaundice
Kernicterus
Hearing loss
Developmental delays
Hypoglycemia
Which of the following are expected manifestations of a post-term newborn?
Dry, cracked, and peeling skin
Loose skin around thighs and buttocks
Long nails possibly stained with meconium
Long and thin body appearance
Thick head of hair
The nurse is monitoring a newborn for signs of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which findings should alert the nurse?
Nasal flaring
Grunting
Retractions (intercostal/sternal)
Tachypnea (>60/min)
Cyanosis
Which of the following are appropriate treatments for an infant diagnosed with galactosemia?
Stop breastfeeding
Provide lactose-free formula
Provide soy protein–based formula
A nurse is assessing an infant suspected of having neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Which manifestations and interventions should be expected?
Poor feeding
Diarrhea
Body tremors
Wakefulness
Hyperirritability
A new mother is concerned that her small breast size may affect her ability to breastfeed. Which response by the nurse is correct?
Smaller breasts produce less milk, so supplementation will be needed.
Breast size does not determine your ability to produce milk.
Larger breasts always produce more milk than smaller breasts.
You should only breastfeed if your breasts are medium to large.
Which intervention can help prevent barotrauma in infants?
Swaddling the infant tightly during sleep
Allowing infants to bottle-feed juice or water to promote swallowing and autoinflation
Positioning the infant supine for all feedings
Using pacifiers instead of bottles
Which diagnostic test provides detailed images of soft tissues, the brain, and spinal cord without using radiation?
X-ray
Bone scan
CT scan
MRI
Which diagnostic test is most useful for detecting problems in bones not always seen on x-rays?
X-ray
Bone scan
CT scan
MRI
A patient presents with a ligament injury at the knee with swelling, disability, and pain after trauma. What type of injury does the nurse suspect?
Sprain
Strain
Contusion
Fracture
A patient has pain and edema in a muscle or tendon due to microscopic tears from repetitive activity over time. What type of injury is this?
Sprain
Strain
A client has high blood pressure with no identifiable underlying disease. Which type of hypertension does the nurse identify?
Secondary hypertension
Essential hypertension
Malignant hypertension
Gestational hypertension
A nurse is reviewing a patient’s echocardiogram and notes narrowing of the pulmonary artery. This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Patent ductus arteriosus
A patient with Tetralogy of Fallot has right ventricular hypertrophy. What is the primary reason for this?
Right ventricle pumps blood against increased resistance due to pulmonary artery narrowing
Left ventricle is failing
Right atrium is enlarged
Pulmonary valve is incompetent
Which anomaly is characterized by the aorta being displaced to the right and receiving blood from both ventricles?
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Dextroposition of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect
A patient has a hole between the right and left ventricles. Which congenital heart defect does this describe?
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
A newborn is noted to have a urethral opening on the underside of the penis. Which condition does the nurse identify?
Epispadias
Hypospadias
Phimosis
Cryptorchidism
A newborn is noted to have a urethral opening on the upper (dorsal) surface of the penis. Which condition does this describe?
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Which condition is characterized by the foreskin being unable to retract over the glans penis?
Hypospadias
Epispadias
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
Which hormone is primarily used to detect pregnancy?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Luteinizing hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which statement accurately describes monozygotic twins?
Two ova fertilized by two sperm; can be different sexes
One zygote splits; identical; chorionicity depends on day of split
Always di-chorionic and di-amniotic
Two separate placentas and two separate amniotic sacs
Which statement accurately describes dizygotic twins?
Two ova fertilized by two sperm; can be different sexes
One zygote splits; identical; chorionicity depends on day of split
Always di-chorionic and di-amniotic
Two separate placentas and two separate amniotic sacs
Which classic symptoms are associated with diabetes mellitus?
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Bradycardia, hypotension, constipation
Edema, jaundice, bruising
Hyperactivity, insomnia, tremors
A nurse is providing education to parents of a child prescribed oral iron supplements. Which instruction is correct?
Take with milk to reduce stomach upset
Take with orange juice to increase absorption
Avoid using a straw to prevent staining
Crush tablets and mix with honey
Which instruction should the nurse include to prevent teeth staining when a child is taking liquid iron supplements?
Swallow without water
Drink through a straw
Brush immediately after taking
Mix with milk
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with placenta previa. Which finding is most consistent with this condition?
Painless, bright-red vaginal bleeding
Severe abdominal pain with dark-red bleeding
Fever and purulent discharge
Hyperemesis and dehydration
A Rh-negative mother delivers a Rh-positive baby. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
Administer RhoGAM to the mother
Give vitamin K to the baby
Delay vaccination until 6 months
Encourage breastfeeding immediately
The nurse is teaching a client about TORCH infections. Which of the following is included in TORCH?
A. Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, gonorrhea, varicella, HIV), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes
B. Tuberculosis, Otitis, RSV, Chickenpox, Hepatitis
C. Typhoid, Oral candidiasis, Ringworm, Coxsackie virus, Hepatitis
D. Tetanus, Osteomyelitis, RSV, Chlamydia, Herpes
Which maternal exposure can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the newborn?
Cytomegalovirus
Rubella infection
Herpes simplex virus
Toxoplasmosis
Which TORCH infection is most associated with mental retardation, seizures, and blindness in the newborn?
Toxoplasmosis
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Syphilis
Which intervention is recommended for a pregnant woman with active genital herpes lesions at term?
Vaginal delivery
Cesarean section
Delay delivery until lesions heal
Administer oral antibiotics only
When a nurse measures the time of a contraction, what is being assessed?
The resting period between contractions
When the contraction starts and ends
How often contractions occur
The intensity of the contraction
A nurse calculates the frequency of contractions. This measurement represents:
the time interval between the start of one contraction and the start of the next
the strength of each contraction
the duration of each contraction
the number of contractions in ten minutes
Which measurement describes the duration of a contraction?
The resting time between contractions
How long one contraction lasts
The time from the start of one contraction to the start of the next
The strength of contraction
A nurse is assessing the interval between contractions. What does this represent?
Time from the end of one contraction to the beginning of the next
The length of a single contraction
The total number of contractions in 10 minutes
The peak intensity of the contraction
What is the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range?
80–120 bpm
90–150 bpm
110–160 bpm
120–180 bpm
Cervical dilation from onset to full dilation occurs during which stage of labor?
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Latent stage
Which stage of labor begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the birth of the infant?
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Fourth stage
Which stage of labor involves the delivery of the placenta?
First stage
Second stage
Third stage
Fourth stage
The fourth stage of labor refers to which time period?
Onset of contractions to full cervical dilation
Full cervical dilation until the birth of the infant
Delivery of the placenta
Immediate post-birth recovery period, 1–4 hours after placental delivery
Which of the following is an example of a gate control theory intervention for labor pain?
Administering IV oxytocin
Stroking or massaging the abdomen
Performing continuous fetal monitoring
Administering antibiotics prophylactically
Which type of uterine incision allows a woman to attempt a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)?
Classic vertical incision
Low transverse incision
High vertical incision
T-incision
Which of the following are contraindications for induction of labor?
Placenta previa, umbilical cord prolapse, breech presentation
Full cervical dilation, spontaneous rupture of membranes
Maternal desire for pain-free delivery
Previous low transverse cesarean section
Which tocolytic medication is commonly administered subcutaneously to stop uterine contractions within minutes?
Magnesium sulfate
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Nifedipine (Procardia)
A postpartum nurse is performing a BUBBLE-HE assessment. Which of the following areas is being evaluated?
Breasts, uterus, bladder, bowels, lochia, episiotomy, Homan’s sign, emotions/bonding
Blood pressure, urine output, bowel sounds, liver function
Breasts, urinary tract, bowel sounds, heart sounds, extremities
Which of the following represents normal newborn vital signs?
HR: 90–120 bpm; RR: 20–40 breaths/min; BP: 100/60 mm Hg
HR: 110–160 bpm; RR: 30–60 breaths/min; BP: 80/46 mm Hg
HR: 120–180 bpm; RR: 40–70 breaths/min; BP: 90/50 mm Hg
HR: 100–140 bpm; RR: 25–50 breaths/min; BP: 70/40 mm Hg
