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WorksheetsMCQ - 225
Total questions: 114
Worksheet time: 57mins
The basic taxonomic unit in microbiology:
genus
family
Species
order
class
A distinctive feature of a prokaryotic cell:
with nuclear substance (nucleoid)
reproduces by meiosis
has a nucleus
has mitochondria
ribosome size is 80S
How long do bacterial spores live in the environment?
several years
a few minutes
a few hours
several days
several weeks
Bacterial organelles involved in adhesion and conjugation processes:
capsule
Pili
flagella
spores
mesosome
Ribosomes are:
cytoplasmic membrane derivative
supply of nutrients
to save the species
protein synthesis center
protects the cell from adverse external influences
Functions of flagella:
provides movement
gives bacteria a certain shape
protects the cell from adverse external influences
transports solutes into the cell
is involved in cell division
Cocci are arranged in chains:
micrococci
Streptococci
sarina
Importance of bacterial spore formation:
ability to reproduce
participates in nutrition
the ability to move
ability to survive in the environment
the ability to protect the human body
Cocci are arranged like grapes:
sarcins
streptococci
Staphylococci
bacillus
micrococci
Chlamydia and rickettsia are different from other bacteria:
they cannot breed in an oxygen environment
forms spores under unfavorable conditions
does not cause infectious disease in humans
are intracellular parasites
has no cell wall
Color staining of Gram-positive bacteria:
brown
Blue
yellow
green
red
In what unit is the size of bacteria measured?
in nanometers
in millimeters
in micrometer
in angstroms
in centimeters
For what purpose smears are fixed?
for the detection of flagella
for degreasing preparations
to identify spores
for attaching bacteria to a glass slide
to identify capsules
The location of cocci in the smear depends on:
to the number and arrangement of fibers
to the size of cocci
to the feature of the capsule
The main forms of bacteria:
spherical, rod-shaped, spiral
conical, crimped, cubic
bullet-shaped, filiform, cubic
rod-shaped, crimped, cubic
spherical, filiform, cubic
Spore formation conditions:
A. adverse external environment
B. when ingested
C. when exposed to sulfuric acid
D. with volumetric oxygen access
E. depends on the morphology of bacteria
Bacteria without a cell wall:
rickettsia
mycoplasma
spirochetes
actinomycetes
chlamydia
The bacterial cell wall is characterized by:
includes cholesterol
contains chitin
consists of a bilipid layer
includes a complex biopolymer – peptidoglycan
consists of individual protein subunits - capsomeres
Peritrichous are bacteria that have:
flagella over the entire surface of the cell
polar single flagella
polar beams of flagella
single polar flagellum
flagella on both sides
The purpose of applying Gram stain:
identification of flagella, determines mobile activity
difference of gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive
identification of protoplasts, spheroplasts, L-form bacteria
detection of viruses in the patient’s material
used to identify fungi
Fixation of a smear made from a microbial culture is carried out:
in the Nikiforov mixture
with acetone
in flame burner
Bacterial division occurs:
by budding
by binary fission
by fragmentation
to the conjugation process
from divisions in different planes
The morphology of bacteria is:
ability to dye with aniline dyes
feature of growth in nutrient medium
relation to air composition
the ability to ferment carbohydrates
size, shape, nature of arrangement
To study the morphology of bacteria in a colored state, use:
luminescent microscope
phase contrast microscopy
immersion lens
dry lens
dark field of view
The method of studying bacteria in a living state:
simple coloring
according to Neisser
according to Burri
complex coloring
hanging drop
The function of the cell wall:
energetic
Defense
participates in metabolism
participates in breathing
participates in reproduction
The following reagents are used for Gram stain:
hydrogen peroxide
vesuvin
crystal violet
azur-eosin
methylene blue
A nucleoid is:
accumulation of ribosomes
information RNA
single-stranded DNA
double-stranded DNA molecule
fragmented RNA
Which of the following is the main problem in modern microbiology?
overcoming antibiotic resistance of bacteria
obtaining microorganisms for the purification of petroleum products
obtaining genetically modified food
study of intestinal microflora in animals
development of a vaccine for cattle
The main functions of the cytoplasmic membrane:
carries out transport of nutrients into the cell
gives a certain form to bacteria
does not form mesosomes
protects the cell
does not contain respiratory chains
While microscoping smear, stained by India ink method. What can be seen:
chaotic mobility of bacteria
the process of sporulation
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
elementary and reticular bodies of chlamydia
colorless capsules on a dark background
Gram stain: filter paper impregnated with crystal violet was placed on a fixed smear, then what will you do:
washing with water
discoloration with alcohol
fixed with iodine solution
fuchsin stain
microscopy
A laboratory technician discovered a spherical purple colored bacteria, arranged in clusters, during microscopy of a smear from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia stained by the Gram method. Indicate which microorganisms have these characteristics:
E.coli
Tuberculosis
Staphylococci
Spirochete
Mold fungus
In a stained sputum smear of a patient with tuberculosis, red slightly curved rods were found against the background of fibrin filaments, other microorganisms in blue. Specify coloring method:
Gram
Neisser
Burri-Hins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Albert
Acid resistance of microorganisms depends on:
with the presence of a nucleic acid
with the presence of fatty-wax substances in the cell wall
When preparing a smear, the researcher applied a drop of sodium chloride to a glass slide and introduced a bacterial culture into it, dried it, and fixed it on Bunsen burner. Microscopy did not detect bacteria. Indicate the reason:
distilled water was used
after fixation, the bacteria dissolved in sodium chloride
the wrong way to fix the smear
microscopy was performed without using immersion oil
bacteria were not stained
Significance of immersion microscopy system:
distorts ray refraction
increases the resolution ability of the microscope
the refractive index of immersion oil is close to the refractive index of air
the same refractive index of oil and glass
the different refractive index of oil and glass
Divisions of the prokaryotic kingdom:
aerobes and anaerobes
lactose negative and lactose positive
photobacteria and scotobacteria
heterotrophs and autotrophs
eukaryotes and viruses
The purpose of the bacterioscopic diagnostic method is:
smear preparation and microscopy
isolation of pure culture
identification of the selected culture
infection of experimental animals
determination of antigenic structure
What coloring method is used to identify the capsule:
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
Gram
Burri-Hins
Romanovsky-Giemsa
What coloring method is used to detect volutin grains?
Ziehl-Neelsen
Burri-Hins
Neisser
Gram
Romanovsky-Giemsa
Which of the following is a method for isolation of pure culture and identification?
smear preparation and microscopy
allergic test of the selected culture
infection of experimental animals
determination of antigenic structure
isolation of pure culture and identification
Pure culture is:
a collection of bacteria of the same species
a collection of bacteria of the same family
a collection of viruses and bacteria of different species
a collection of bacteria of two species
a collection of bacteria of the same genus
The thermostat uses:
to grow microorganisms
to sterilize laboratory dishes
to sterilize surgical instruments
to sterilize nutrient media
to strengthen spore formation of bacteria
Who suggested the use of the bacteriological method (isolation of pure culture):
L.Pasteur
I.Mechnikov
R.Koch
A.van-Levenguk
C.Ebert
On yolk-salt agar can be distinguished:
enterobacteria
Staphylococci
streptococci
mycobacteria
rickettsia
Saccharolytic activity is determined:
on bismuth-sulfite agar
on blood agar
on Hiss medium
on blood-tellurite agar
on serum agar
Elective media:
blood agar
meat-pepton agar
Endo medium
yolk-salt agar
meat-pepton broth
The transport of nutrients into the cell according to the concentration gradient is called:
passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
translocation
osmosis
The transport of nutrients into the cell against the concentration gradient occurs due to:
passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
translocation
osmosis
The transport of nutrients into the cell according to the concentration gradient with the participation of permeases is called:
passive diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
translocation
osmosis
Enzymes released into the environment are called:
Exoenzymes
endoenzymes
lyases
ligases
hydrolases
The substrate for saccharolytic enzymes are:
lipids
proteins
hydrogen peroxide
carbohydrates
amino acids
Using the energy of sunlight is typical for:
autotrophs
Phototrophs
heterotrophs
chemotrophs
metotrophs
Select differential diagnostic media:
MPA and blood agar
Rapopport and glycerin mixture
Mac Conkey and alkaline agar
Leffler medium and serum agar
Endo and Hiss
A set of differential-diagnostic media used for the isolation of enterobacteriaceae:
meat-peptone agar, sugar broth, Levin
blood agar, yolk-salt agar, serum agar
alkaline agar, bile broth, selenite broth
Endo, Mac Conkey, bismuth-sulfite agar+
Roux, Leffler medium and serum agar
The main method of reproduction of bacteria:
sporulation
mitosis
meiosis
binary division
fragmentation
Growth factors for bacteria include:
isotonic sodium chloride solution
sulfuric acid
Vitamins+
high oxygen concentration
antibiotics
Which group of bacteria can be classified according to temperature:
auxotrophy
autotrophs
anaerobes
eukaryotes
Mesophiles+
Obligate anaerobe:
botulism causative agent
diphtheria causative agent
scarlet fever
causative agent of brucellosis
plague causative agent
Obligate anaerobes:
need free oxygen
have the enzyme superoxide dismutase
in the presence of oxygen die +
form catalase
grows on serum agar
Types of bacterial respiration:
chemical and physical
aerobic and anaerobic
chemical and biological
oxidative and reducing
physical and biological
Facultative anaerobes grow:
only in oxygen nutrient medium environment
in oxygen-free nutrient medium environment
in the presence of inert gases
in the presence of carbon dioxide
in oxygen and oxygen-free nutrient medium environment
The cultural properties of bacteria are:
the ability to be stained
biochemical activity
the antigenic composition
growth property on nutrient media
form of the bacterial cell
The bacteriological method of research is:
preparation of smear
infection of animals
preparation of the vaccine
determination of immune status
the isolation of the pure culture
The colony is:
accumulation of one microbial cell on a nutrient medium
factor of pathogenicity of microorganisms
the increase in the size of bacterial cells
sporulation
capsule formation
Two-component bacterial enzymes consist of:
protein and lipopolysaccharide
protein and DNA
protein and coenzyme
protein and carbohydrate
protein and peptidoglycan
One of the functions of bacterial pigments is:
high temperature protection
protection from UV rays
low temperature protection
protect bacterial morphology
protection from antibiotics
Bacteria that synthesize growth factors themselves:
auxotrophs
Prototrophs
heterotrophs
microaerophiles
saprophytes
Bacteria that require the presence of a growth factor in the nutrient medium:
Auxotrophs
prototrophs
heterotrophs
parasites
autotrophs
Methods for growing strict anaerobes include:
histological, chemical, biological
therapeutic, prophylactic, radiation
physical, chemical, radiation
physical, chemical, biological
innovative, biochemical, natural
Nutrient media are divided by origin:
domestic, foreign
universal, special
sterile, non-sterile
liquid, dense
natural, artificial
Anaerobic jar is commonly used to grow:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella spp.
Clostridium tetani
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Obligate aerobes:
they have an absolute or obligate requirement for oxygen
they may even die on exposure to oxygen
grow both in the presence and absence of oxygen
they grow best at low oxygen tension (~5%)
does not use atmospheric oxygen as an energy source
Obligate anaerobes:
they have an absolute or obligate requirement for oxygen
they may even die on exposure to oxygen
grow both in the presence and absence of oxygen
they grow best at low oxygen tension (~5%)
does not use atmospheric oxygen as an energy source
Facultative anaerobes:
they have an absolute or obligate requirement for oxygen
they may even die on exposure to oxygen
grow both in the presence and absence of oxygen
they grow best at low oxygen tension (~5%)
does not use atmospheric oxygen as an energy source
Microaerophiles are called microorganisms:
they have an absolute or obligate requirement for oxygen
they may even die on exposure to oxygen
grow both in the presence and absence of oxygen
they grow best at low oxygen tension (~5%)
does not use atmospheric oxygen as an energy source
Selective media:
contain substances that inhibit all but a few types of bacteria and facilitate the isolation of a particular species
contains substances which help to distinguish differing characteristics of bacteria
contain an indicator which changes colour when a bacterium grows in them
some substances are incorporated in the liquid medium which have a stimulating effect on the bacteria to be grown
used to isolate auxotrophic species of bacteria
Differential nutrient media:
allow you to select certain types of bacteria while suppressing the growth of others
allow to distinguish some types of bacteria from others by biochemical activity
allow you to get the growth of different types of bacteria
used to isolate auxotrophic species of bacteria
used to highlight prototrophic bacteria
Device for cultivation of obligate anaerobes:
anaerobic jar
centrifuge
oven
Krotov's apparatus
water bath
Biological method for cultivating obligate anaerobes:
Fortner method
Burri-Hins method
Koch method
Gram method
Morozov's method
Chemical method for cultivating obligate anaerobes:
uses pyrogaloll to absorb oxygen
uses reducing enzymes
uses oxidative enzymes
uses a bacterial culture of aerobes
uses temperate bacteriophages
Method for isolating a pure culture of aerobic bacteria:
Burri-Hins method
Castellani method
Streak culture method
Method for isolating a pure culture of aerobic bacteria:
Burri-Hins method
Pour plate culture method
Castellani method
Gram method
Robertson method
The methods of cultivating obligate anaerobes include:
cultivation on Robertson’s cooked meat
cultivation in blood agar
cultivation under radiation
cultivation in a CO2 incubator
cultivation with O2 under pressure
Day 1: Isolation of a pure culture of aerobic bacteria:
inoculates pathological material on meat-peptone agar
inoculates pathological material into meat-peptone broth
studies cultural properties of microbe
isolation a pure culture of microbe
specifies antibiotic susceptibility of microbe
Day 2: Isolation of a pure culture of aerobic bacteria:
inoculates pathological material on meat-peptone agar
inoculates pathological material into meat-peptone broth
studies cultural properties of microbe
isolation a pure culture of microbe
specifies antibiotic susceptibility of microbe
Day 3: Isolation of a pure culture of aerobic bacteria:
inoculate a pure culture on Hiss medium
inoculates pathological material on meat-peptone agar
inoculates pathological material into meat-peptone broth
studies cultural properties of microbe
specifies antibiotic susceptibility of microbe
Day 1: pure culture isolation of anaerobic bacteria:
inoculates material into Robertson’s cooked meat medium
inoculates on blood or sugar agars
inoculates a pure culture on Hiss medium
specifies antibiotic susceptibility
studies cultural properties of anaerobic microbe
Day 2: pure culture isolation of anaerobic bacteria:
inoculates material into Robertson’s cooked meat medium
inoculates on blood or sugar agars
Sterilization is:
acquisition of diagnostic antigens of the bacterium
preparation of therapeutic serums
complete destruction of the microorganism
vaccine preparation
method of culturing bacteria
The fight against insects that transmit infectious diseases is called:
disinfection
deratization
Disinsection
sterilization
pasteurization
The struggle with rodents, the source of pathogens of infectious diseases, is called:
disinsection
Deratization
disinfection
sterilization
pasteurization
Antiseptics is:
a set of measures aimed at the destruction of bacteria on damaged or intact areas of the skin and mucous membrane
a set of measures aimed at preventing the introduction of microorganisms from the environment into the tissues of the human body
set of measures aimed at disinfecting environmental objects
a set of measures aimed at providing security
substances that selectively inhibit the growth and development of infectious foci in the human body
Sterilisation is:
complete destruction of spore and vegetative forms under the influence of biological factors
complete destruction of spore forms under the influence of chemicals (lysol, chloramine)
the destruction of only vegetative forms
complete destruction of spore and vegetative forms under the influence of chemical and physical factors
complete destruction of vegetative forms under the influence of chemicals (lysol, chloramine)
Disinfection by moist heat at temperature below 100°C (temperature is 63°C for 30 minutes or 72°C for 15-20 seconds followed by rapid cooling) is termed called:
tyndallization
pasteurization
Steam sterilization at 100°C for 20 minutes on three successive days is known as:
Tyndallization
pasteurization
inspissation
antiseptics
sterilisation
Steam Sterilization Under Pressure:
produced in Pasteur furnaces
sterilization is carried out fractionally
is produced in autoclaves
sterilize culture media
material is heated at t 50-65°C
Which of the following scientists is considered the "Father of Chemotherapy"?
P.Ehrlich
A.Fleming
S.Waxman
U.Flory
R.Koch
The sensitivity of a microorganism to antibiotics is determined:
in the agglutination reaction
in the precipitation reaction
in the disc-diffusion method
in Grace titration
in Appelman titration
Find a method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic:
hanging method
serial dilution method
disc-diffusion method
Grace method
Antibiotics produced by fungi:
tetracycline
gentamicin
Nystatin
erythromycin
penicillin
Manufacturer of penicillin:
bacillus
micrococci
protozoa
mold fungus
actinomycetes
b-lactam antibiotic:
Cephalosporin
rifampicin
nystatin
gentamicin
tobramycin
The significance of the bactericidal effect of an antibiotic:
microbe growth and reproduction is inhibited
destroys microorganisms
activates the growth and reproduction of microbes
activates the mutation
strengthens the body's defense mechanisms
The significance of the bacteriostatic effect of an antibiotic:
microbe growth and reproduction is inhibited+
destroys microorganisms
activates the mutation
activates the growth and reproduction of microbes
strengthens the body's defense mechanisms
An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis:
tetracycline
levomycetin
Cephalosporin
rifampicin
polymyxin
Scientist who founded the science of antibiotics:
Ehrlich
Monasein
Pasteur
Fleming
Koch
When determining sensitivity to antibiotics, a zone of growth delays is determined around the disc. This means:
culture sensitivity
protein denaturation
no toxicity
increased membrane permeability
stimulation of cell metabolism
The mechanism of microbial resistance to antibiotics is associated with:
genetic recombinations in genesA. genetic recombinations in genes
loss of cell wall permeability for antibiotic
transformation of the active form of antibiotics into inactive
change of antibiotics in the conditions of the macroorganism
the loss of flagella by bacteria on antibiotic media
Beta-lactam antibiotics have a mechanism of action:
inhibit of the integrity of the membrane
suppression of protein synthesis in cells
violation of the synthesis of nucleic acids
disrupt the formation of spores
inhibit of the synthesis of peptidoglycan cell wall
The predominant microorganism in the vagina of a healthy woman:
clostridia
gonococci
trichomonas
Candida fungi
Lactobacilli
The main microbes (95-99%) normally found in the large intestine are:
bifidumbacteria and bacteroids
staphylococci and streptococci
clostridia and enterobacteria
Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria
Candida fungi and staphylococci
Normally there are no microorganisms in the body:
larynx, esophagus, stomach, skin, vagina
blood, brain, lungs, heart, bladder
vagina, small and large intestines
skin, mucosa, small intestine
mucous membrane, esophagus, stomach
