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Worksheets2600 exam 1 review
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 53mins
What are the main reasons for performing pulmonary function testing (PFTs)? Select all that apply
Screen for pulmonary disease
Evaluate patients for surgical risks
Assess progression of a disease
Assist in diagnosing cardiac disability
Which conditions are considered relative contraindications for performing lung volume measurements? Select all that apply.
Recent cataract removal surgery
Unstable cardiovascular status
Hemoptysis of unknown origin
Treated pneumothorax
What infection control steps should be taken when testing a patient for PFT's with an airborne infectious disease? Select all that apply.
Wear a respirator or a close fitting surgical mask
Dispose of, sterilize, or disinfect the tubing circuit after testing
Clean the interior surface of the spirometer before the next test
all the above
What are the possible side effects a patient might experience during or after a PFT? Select all that apply
Syncope
Cough
Hemoptysis
Chest pain
Which types of spirometers directly collect and measure gas volumes? Select all that apply.
Water-sealed spirometer
Dry-rolling seal spirometer
Bellows spirometer
Pneumotachometer
What does the “range” or “limit” of a device’s measurement ability refer to?
Error
Precision
Accuracy
Capacity
Define accuracy in the context of pulmonary testing equipment.
How closely a device measures a certain reference value
The range or limits of how much it can measure
An arithmetic difference between reference values and measured values
The smallest detectable measurement
What tool is used to check the accuracy of a water-sealed spirometer?
Computer generated flow meter
Calibrated high-flow flowmeter
Standard subject with known volumes
Calibrated 3-L syringe
How do you calculate percent error when checking a spirometer with a calibrated syringe?
% predicted= measured value/ predicted normal value x 100
% predicted= predicted norm value/measured value x 100
% predicted= predicted normal value x 100
% predicted= predicted normal value / 100
What does precision mean when referring to measurement devices?
The accuracy of the instrument over its entire range of measurement
Specific measurements made or computed by the instrument
the ability of a measuring device to consistently provide the same measure of the same quantity
How well it measures a known reference value
According to the American Thoracic Society (ATS), what is the acceptable volumetric accuracy range for spirometers?
+/- 5% or 30 ml of the reference value
+/- 3% or 50 ml of the reference value
+/- 5% or 50 ml of the reference value
none of the above
How often should spirometer calibration be performed when in regular use?
Every 4 hours
Weekly
At least daily
Every shift
Which tests are considered tests of pulmonary mechanics? Select all that apply
Maximum voluntary ventilation
Functional residual capacity
Forced expiratory flows
Forced expiratory volumes
What is the most commonly performed measurement of pulmonary mechanics during PFTs?
Residual volume
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Forced vital capacity
Which of the following are acceptable during a forced vital capacity (FVC) test? Select all that apply.
The patient can be sitting or standing
Nose clips are not required
It's an effort dependent test
Accurate results can be obtained without patient cooperation
How many acceptable attempts must be performed to ensure FVC test validity?
Just 1 good one
Two that are nearly the same
Three that are acceptable
At least 4
What is the minimum exhaled volume required during the last second of an acceptable FVC effort?
0.10 L
0.05 L
0.025 L
0.001 L
Describe the key features of the FEV₁ test. Select all that apply.
It is a volume measurement
The recorded FEV1 must come from the same FVC effort
It is often compared to the size of the FVC
It is a popular test
Which test has the highest risk of fainting during performance?
TLC
MVV
SVC
VT/minute
What percentage of the FVC should a healthy person be able to exhale in one second?
50%
60%
70%
80%
What flow-volume loop shape is typical in a fixed upper airway obstruction?
Circular
Box
Ramp
Elliptical
How much of an increase in FEV₁ after bronchodilator use is considered clinically significant?
5%
12%
20%
30%
Which lung volumes and capacities can be measured with simple spirometry? Select all that apply
FRC
ERV
RV
IRV
After normal exhalation, what volume of air remains in the lungs?
FRC
VC
ERV
RV
What combination of volumes equals total lung capacity (TLC)?
IC + Vt + ERV
VC + ERV
Vt + ERV + IRV + RV
FRC + IRV
What equation correctly represents vital capacity (VC)?
VC= FRC + VT
VC= VT + IRV + RV
VC = IRV + VT + ERV
FRC= VT + ERV
How can you ensure reliable ERV measurements during testing?
Have pt perform maneuver twice, ensure consistency, then take the mean value
Have the pt perform the maneuver 3 times, then take the last value
Have pt perform maneuver until they become fatigued, then take last value
Have the pt perform twice, ensure consistency, and then take the best value
What is the most commonly measured lung volume during spirometry?
VC
VT
TLC
ERV
What techniques are used to measure residual volume (RV)? Select all that apply
Helium dilution
Body plethysmography
Nitrogen washout
Flow-volume loops
During the helium dilution test and nitrogen washout FRC, at what point in the breathing cycle is the patient connected to the system?
Full forced inspiration
Resting inspiration
Resting expiration
Full forced expiration
A helium test for FRC that takes a long time to equilibrate suggests what kind of lung disorder?
Insufficient o2 was added to the system
The spirometer is leaking
The patient has restrictive lung disease
The patient has obstructive lung disease
In both helium and nitrogen washout tests, what does a rising nitrogen concentration near the end indicate?
The patient is trying too hard
The test is nearing completion
There is a leak in the system
N2 is being trapped in the lungs
What gas law is used by the body plethysmograph to measure lung volumes?
Boyle's Law
Fick's Law
Dalton's Law
Pouisellie's Law
What are the normal predicted values for Vt in an adult?
300-400 ml
400-480 ml
500-700 ml
450-750 ml
What are the normal predicted values for IC?
1200 ml
2400 ml
3600 ml
4800 ml
What are the normal predicted values for VC?
3600 ml
4800 ml
5400 ml
6000 ml
What are the normal predicted values for TLC?
Approx 6 L
Approx 7 L
Approx 8 L
Approx 9 L
How do RV and FRC change in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)?
It increases
It stays the same
It decreases
In what conditions is total lung capacity (TLC) consistently reduced?
Acute airway obstruction
Combined restrictive and obstructive
Restricive disease
Obstructive disease
What happens to inspiratory capacity (IC) in restrictive diseases?
Its reduced
Its increased
It stays the same
none of the above
How can IC values help guide lung expansion therapy?
It helps determine what kind of bronchodilator to give
It doesn't add value to anything
It may help determine the type of lung expansion therapy to apply
none of the above
Under what conditions should a DLCO test be postponed? Select all that apply.
Just before the test, the pt smoked 2 cigarettes
Just before the test the pt had a severe cough episode
Just before the test, the pt had a long wait at a bus stop
What are the requirements for obtaining a valid single-breath DLCO test?
Select all that apply
2 or more acceptable tests should be averaged
Breath hold time should be between 3-5 seconds
Corrections for Hb and COHb should be included
The maneuvers should be reproducible to within 10%
What is the normal range for DLCO in a healthy adult male?
10 ml/min/mm Hg
20 ml/min/mm Hg
30 ml/min/mm Hg
40 ml/min/mm Hg
What must be verified to ensure accurate helium dilution and nitrogen washout tests? Select all that apply
Accuracy & precision of the volume or flow measuring device must be assured
Accuracy & linearity of the gas analyzer must be verified
Leak test must be acceptable while monitoring change in volume and gas concentrations over at least 1 minute
Corrections for Hb and COHb must be included
What are the essential components of comprehensive quality assurance in pulmonary function testing? Select all that apply
Accuracy and precision of the measured instrument
Pt must be able to do a breath-hold between 3-5 sec.
The performance of the technologist
Test results when measuring a standard
What should all spirometric values obtained under ambient conditions be converted?
Ambient temp and pressure, saturated (ATPS)
Standard temperature and pressure, dry (STPD)
Body temp, ambient pressure, saturated (BTPS)
Ambient temp and pressure, dry (ATPD)
