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L04 Blood system

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Blood is classified as what type of tissue?

a)

Epithelial

b)

Connective

c)

Muscular

d)

Nervous

2.

Average adult blood volume is approximately?

a)

3 L

b)

4 L

c)

5 L

d)

7 L

3.

Main functions of blood include?

a)

Only transport

b)

Transport, regulation, protection

c)

Storage

d)

Digestion

4.

Plasma makes up about what percentage of total blood volume?

a)

35%

b)

45%

c)

55%

d)

65%

5.

The main component of plasma is?

a)

Proteins

b)

Water

c)

Salts

d)

Glucose

6.

Major plasma proteins include all except?

a)

Albumin

b)

Globulins

c)

Fibrinogen

d)

Hemoglobin

7.

Albumin’s main function is?

a)

Clotting

b)

Osmotic balance and transport

c)

Immunity

d)

Oxygen transport

8.

Fibrinogen is important for?

a)

pH regulation

b)

Coagulation

c)

Osmosis

d)

Immunity

9.

Normal blood pH is about?

a)

6.8 - 7.0

b)

7.35 - 7.45

c)

7.8

d)

8.0

10.

The formed elements of blood include?

a)

Plasma only

b)

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

c)

Only RBCs

d)

Only WBCs

11.

Erythrocytes are responsible for?

a)

Clotting

b)

Oxygen transport

c)

Immunity

d)

Enzyme synthesis

12.

Average lifespan of an RBC?

a)

30 days

b)

60 days

c)

120 days

d)

200 days

13.

RBCs are destroyed mainly in?

a)

Liver

b)

Spleen and liver

c)

Kidney

d)

Bone marrow

14.

The pigment part of hemoglobin that is reused is?

a)

Globin

b)

Iron

c)

Bilirubin

d)

Carbon dioxide

15.

Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of?

a)

Globin

b)

Heme

c)

Iron

d)

Fibrin

16.

The main site of erythropoiesis in adults?

a)

Liver

b)

Spleen

c)

Red bone marrow

d)

Kidney

17.

Hormone stimulating RBC production?

a)

Insulin

b)

Erythropoietin

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Thyroxine

18.

Major stimulus for erythropoietin release?

a)

High oxygen

b)

Low oxygen

c)

High CO2

d)

High glucose

19.

Main nutrient required for RBC formation?

a)

Calcium

b)

Iron

c)

Vitamin C

d)

Potassium

20.

Vitamin B12 and folate are required for?

a)

Nerve conduction

b)

DNA synthesis

c)

ATP production

d)

Hormone release

21.

Anemia is defined as?

a)

High RBC count

b)

Low RBCs or hemoglobin

c)

High BP

d)

Low WBC count

22.

Iron-deficiency anemia results from?

a)

Blood loss

b)

Low folate

c)

Low B12

d)

Bone cancer

23.

Pernicious anemia caused by deficiency of?

a)

Iron

b)

Vitamin B12 absorption

c)

Folate

d)

Protein

24.

Sickle-cell anemia is due to?

a)

Enzyme defect

b)

Abnormal hemoglobin gene

c)

Iron lack

d)

Infection

25.

Polycythemia means?

a)

Low RBC

b)

High RBC count

c)

Low WBC

d)

Low platelets

26.

Leukocytes defend mainly by?

a)

Carrying oxygen

b)

Phagocytosis and immune response

c)

Osmosis

d)

Clotting

27.

Main types of leukocytes are divided into?

a)

Two groups

b)

Three layers

c)

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

d)

Neurons

28.

Granulocytes include all except?

a)

Neutrophils

b)

Eosinophils

c)

Basophils

d)

Lymphocytes

29.

Most abundant WBC type?

a)

Eosinophil

b)

Neutrophil

c)

Basophil

d)

Monocyte

30.

Function of neutrophils?

a)

Antibody production

b)

Phagocytosis of bacteria

c)

Histamine release

d)

Clotting

31.

Eosinophils increase in response to?

a)

Viral infection

b)

Allergies and parasites

c)

Bacterial infection

d)

Cancer

32.

Basophils release which key substances?

a)

Histamine and heparin

b)

Antibodies

c)

Collagen

d)

Cytokines only

33.

Monocytes become which cell type in tissues?

a)

Lymphocytes

b)

Macrophages

c)

Neutrophils

d)

Platelets

34.

Lymphocytes are responsible for?

a)

Clotting

b)

Immune

35.

B lymphocytes mature in the?

a)

Thymus

b)

Bone marrow

c)

Spleen

d)

Lymph node

36.

T lymphocytes mature in the?

a)

Bone marrow

b)

Thymus

c)

Liver

d)

Spleen

37.

Platelets (thrombocytes) are fragments of?

a)

Megakaryocytes

b)

Monocytes

c)

RBCs

d)

Neutrophils

38.

Normal platelet count per μL of blood is?

a)

1 × 10³

b)

1 × 10⁴

c)

150 000 – 400 000

d)

1 × 10⁷

39.

Platelets are essential for?

a)

Immunity

b)

Clot formation

c)

Oxygen transport

d)

Hormone storage

40.

Hemostasis refers to?

a)

Digestion

b)

Maintenance of blood flow

c)

Stoppage of bleeding

d)

RBC destruction

41.

The first response to blood vessel injury is?

a)

Coagulation

b)

Vasoconstriction

c)

Platelet plug

d)

Fibrin formation

42.

Platelet plug forms when?

a)

Platelets shrink

b)

Platelets adhere to collagen

c)

RBCs clump

d)

WBCs migrate

43.

Coagulation converts fibrinogen into?

a)

Prothrombin

b)

Fibrin

c)

Collagen

d)

Albumin

44.

Which ion is essential for clotting?

a)

Na+

b)

K+

c)

Ca2+

d)

Mg2+

45.

Vitamin K is necessary for synthesis of?

a)

Albumin

b)

Clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

c)

Immunoglobulins

d)

Fibrinogen

46.

Plasmin is responsible for?

a)

Forming fibrin

b)

Breaking down clots

c)

Activating platelets

d)

Sealing vessels

47.

Anticoagulants in blood prevent?

a)

Bleeding

b)

Spontaneous clotting

c)

Inflammation

d)

Phagocytosis

48.

A thrombus is?

a)

Moving clot

b)

Stationary clot

c)

Platelet deficiency

d)

Bruise

49.

An embolus differs from thrombus because it?

a)

Forms slowly

b)

Remains fixed

c)

Travels in bloodstream

d)

Dissolves easily

50.

Hemophilia is due to?

a)

Excess RBCs

b)

Deficient clotting factors

c)

Low WBCs

d)

Low calcium

51.

Blood groups are based on presence of?

a)

Plasma proteins

b)

RBC antigens

c)

Platelets

d)

Fibrinogen

52.

ABO blood groups depend on which two antigens?

a)

C and D

b)

A and B

c)

Rh and K

d)

X and Y

53.

People with type AB blood have? Universal recipients for plasma transfusion.

a)

Anti-A antibodies

b)

Anti-B antibodies

c)

Both antibodies

d)

No antibodies

54.

Type O blood has which antigens?

a)

A. A only

b)

B. B only

c)

C. Both A and B

d)

D. None

55.

Rh factor refers to presence of which antigen?

a)

A. A

b)

B. B

c)

C. D

d)

D. E

56.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when?

a)

Mother Rh+, baby Rh-

b)

Mother Rh-, baby Rh+

c)

Both Rh-

d)

Both Rh+

57.

Cross-matching before transfusion ensures?

a)

Same age

b)

Compatible antigens/antibodies

c)

Same blood volume

d)

Similar pH

58.

Main function of the spleen in blood system?

a)

Oxygen exchange

b)

RBC destruction & blood storage

c)

Clotting

d)

Hormone release

59.

Lymphatic vessels return fluid to?

a)

Arteries

b)

Capillaries

c)

Venous system

d)

Heart directly

60.

Tissue fluid forms by?

a)

Osmosis into cells

b)

Filtration of plasma from capillaries

c)

Secretions

d)

Cell lysis

61.

Edema develops when?

a)

Filtration < reabsorption

b)

Lymph drainage increases

c)

Capillary permeability or venous pressure rises

d)

Oncotic pressure high

62.

Serum differs from plasma because it lacks?

a)

Albumin

b)

Fibrinogen

c)

Water

d)

Salts

63.

Hypovolemia means?

a)

Increased volume

b)

Decreased blood volume

c)

High pressure

d)

Low viscosity

64.

Hypervolemia refers to?

a)

Excess blood volume

b)

Low RBCs

c)

Low plasma

d)

Weak pulse

65.

Septicemia means?

a)

Bacteria in tissues

b)

Infection in blood

c)

Viral infection

d)

Low WBC

66.

Leukemia is characterized by?

a)

Low WBC

b)

Excess abnormal WBC

c)

Low RBC

d)

High platelets

67.

Common symptom of leukemia?

a)

Hypertension

b)

Easy bleeding

c)

High platelets

d)

Malignant proliferation of WBC precursors

68.

Polycythemia vera differs from secondary polycythemia because?

a)

Reactive hypoxia cause

b)

Genetic bone-marrow disorder

c)

Low EPO

d)

Blood loss

69.

Thrombocytopenia means?

a)

Low RBC

b)

Low WBC

c)

Low platelet count

d)

High platelets

70.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) involves?

a)

Lack of clotting

b)

Excessive clotting then bleeding

c)

Low BP only

d)

High RBCs

71.

Blood viscosity mainly depends on?

a)

Water content

b)

RBC count and plasma proteins

c)

Pressure

d)

pH

72.

Hematocrit represents?

a)

WBC %

b)

RBC % of whole blood

c)

Plasma %

d)

Clotting time

73.

Normal hematocrit for adult males?

a)

30%

b)

40–54%

c)

25%

d)

60%

74.

Elevated hematocrit indicates?

a)

Anemia

b)

Polycythemia or dehydration

c)

Infection

d)

Hypoproteinemia

75.

Low hematocrit suggests?

a)

Polycythemia

b)

Anemia or blood loss

c)

High viscosity

d)

Thick plasma

76.

Major site of blood cell formation in fetus?

a)

Liver and spleen

b)

Bone marrow

c)

Lymph nodes

d)

Kidney

77.

The buffy coat in centrifuged blood consists of?

a)

RBCs only

b)

WBCs and platelets

c)

Plasma

d)

Fibrin

78.

Oxyhemoglobin carries oxygen bound to?

a)

Globin

b)

Heme iron

c)

Carbon

d)

Water

79.

Carbaminohemoglobin forms when?

a)

O2 binds hemoglobin

b)

CO2 binds globin chains

c)

CO binds heme

d)

N2 binds plasma

80.

Carboxyhemoglobin results from?

a)

CO2 binding

b)

CO binding heme

c)

O2 loss

d)

Acidosis

81.

Hypoxia refers to?

a)

Low BP

b)

Low oxygen in tissues

c)

Low pH

d)

High CO2

82.

Cyanosis indicates?

a)

High O2

b)

Low deoxyhemoglobin

c)

Excess deoxyhemoglobin

d)

Anemia

83.

Blood acts as buffer by?

a)

Enzyme action

b)

Bicarbonate system

c)

Osmosis

d)

Clotting

84.

Carbonic anhydrase is found in?

a)

WBCs

b)

RBCs

c)

Plasma

d)

Platelets

85.

Blood temperature is slightly higher than body temperature because?

a)

A. Friction

b)

B. Muscle activity

c)

C. Metabolic heat

d)

D. None

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