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Electrolytes Part I

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Electrolytes are ions capable of carrying an electric charge. Which of the following is negatively charged and moves toward the anode?

a)

Anion

b)

Cation

c)

Proton

d)

Neutron

2.

Electrolytes are ions capable of carrying an electric charge. Which of the following is positively charged and migrates toward the cathode?

a)

Anion

b)

Cation

c)

Electron

d)

Neutron

3.

Fill in the blank: Electrolytes are key components of physiological processes such as ______ and osmotic regulation.

a)

Volume

b)

Digestion

c)

Respiration

d)

Photosynthesis

4.

Which ions are involved in myocardial rhythm, strength, and vigor of the heart for pumping?

a)

Na, Cl, K

b)

K, Mg, Ca

c)

Mg, Ca, Zn

d)

Ca, Mg

5.

Fill in the blank: Cofactors in enzyme activation include ______, Ca, and Zn.

a)

Mg

b)

Na

c)

K

d)

Fe

6.

Which ions are involved in blood coagulation?

a)

Na, Cl, K

b)

Mg, Ca, Zn

c)

Ca, Mg

d)

K, Mg, Ca

7.

Electrolytes are key components of physiological processes. Acid-Base Balance is one of the processes regulated by electrolytes.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

Which of the following is the formula for Bicarbonate, a primary anion electrolyte?

a)

SO42−SO4^2-

b)

HCO3-

c)

Cl-

d)

H2PO42−H2PO4^2-

9.

What percentage of the human body is constituted by water?

a)

10-20%

b)

40-70%

c)

80-90%

d)

25-35%

10.

Fill in the blank: Water in the human body is distributed between ___ and ___.

a)

intracellular fluid compartments (ICF) and extracellular fluid compartments (ECF)

b)

arteries and veins

c)

bones and muscles

d)

lungs and heart

11.

Approximately what fraction of total body water is found in intracellular fluid compartments (ICF)?

a)

1/3

b)

2/3

c)

1/2

d)

3/4

12.

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

a)

Transports nutrients to the cells

b)

Determines cell volume

c)

Removes waste products by way of urine

d)

Provides energy for cellular metabolism

13.

Which fluid lies between the cells in the extracellular fluid compartment?

a)

Plasma

b)

Interstitial fluid

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Lymph

14.

Water acts as the body's coolant system through ______.

a)

sweating

b)

digestion

c)

respiration

d)

absorption

15.

What is active transport?

a)

Active transport is a mechanism that requires energy to move ions across the cellular membranes.

b)

Active transport is the passive movement of water across membranes.

c)

Active transport is the diffusion of gases without energy.

d)

Active transport is the process of osmosis in plant cells.

16.

In which direction do ions move during passive transport?

a)

Ions move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration.

b)

Ions move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration.

c)

Ions move randomly without any concentration gradient.

d)

Ions do not move during passive transport.

17.

What role do ions play as osmoregulators in cells?

a)

Ions influence the movement of water across a cell membrane.

b)

Ions provide energy for cellular respiration.

c)

Ions are responsible for protein synthesis.

d)

Ions act as genetic material in the nucleus.

18.

What physical property of a solution is based on the concentration of solutes?

a)

Osmolality/Osmolarity

b)

Viscosity

c)

Surface tension

d)

Boiling point

19.

Osmolarity expresses concentration per volume of solution. What is the unit used for this measurement?

a)

millimoles/liter

b)

grams/liter

c)

moles/kilogram

d)

liters/mole

20.

Which is more precise in measuring the concentration of solutes: osmolality or osmolarity?

a)

Osmolality

b)

Osmolarity

c)

Molarity

d)

Molality

21.

Colligative properties depend on which of the following?

a)

The ratio of the number of particles of solute and solvent

b)

The color of the solution

c)

The temperature of the solution

d)

The pressure of the solution

22.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a change in a solution relative to changes in pure water?

a)

Freezing point depression

b)

Vapor pressure depression

c)

Boiling point elevation

d)

Color change

23.

Name one example of a change in a solution relative to changes in pure water mentioned in the slide.

a)

Freezing point depression, vapor pressure depression, or boiling point elevation

b)

Increase in density, decrease in color, or increase in taste

c)

Increase in electrical conductivity, decrease in mass, or increase in odor

d)

Decrease in surface tension, increase in viscosity, or decrease in transparency

24.

Osmolality is what the hypothalamus responds to when directing the pituitary gland to regulate _______.

a)

ADH

b)

TSH

c)

ACTH

d)

GH

25.

Regulation of osmolality affects plasma _______ concentration.

a)

sodium

b)

potassium

c)

calcium

d)

glucose

26.

Regulation of sodium and water controls _______.

a)

blood volume

b)

body temperature

c)

nerve impulses

d)

muscle contraction

27.

One clinical use for the measurement is that it gives an initial evaluation of ________ concentrating ability.

a)

renal

b)

hepatic

c)

pulmonary

d)

cardiac

28.

Fill in the blank: The measurement helps establish a diagnosis of hypernatremia (↑ Na) and ________ (↓ Na).

a)

hyponatremia

b)

hyperkalemia

c)

hypokalemia

d)

hypocalcemia

29.

The measurement evaluates the secretion and response to ________.

a)

ADH

b)

insulin

c)

cortisol

d)

thyroxine

30.

What is the initial effect of increased osmolality of blood?

a)

Person feels hungry

b)

Person feels thirsty

c)

Person feels sleepy

d)

Person feels energetic

31.

When a person feels thirsty due to increased osmolality of blood, the person consumes more _______.

a)

liquids

b)

solids

c)

gases

d)

vitamins

32.

What happens after a person consumes more liquids?

a)

There is an increase in body water

b)

There is a decrease in body water

c)

There is no change in body water

d)

Body water evaporates

33.

Fill in the blank: Sodium levels are _______ so osmolality is decreased.

a)

diluted

b)

elevated

c)

concentrated

d)

increased

34.

What is the final outcome of the process when OSMO is increased?

a)

A) Osmolality is increased

b)

B) Osmolality is decreased

c)

C) Osmolality remains the same

d)

D) Osmolality fluctuates

35.

Fill in the blank: The first step in the regulation of osmolality is _________.

a)

Increased Osmolality of the Blood

b)

Decreased Blood Pressure

c)

Release of Insulin

d)

Increased Heart Rate

36.

Fill in the blank: The second step in the regulation of osmolality is _________?

a)

Secretion of ADH occurs

b)

Filtration at the glomerulus

c)

Reabsorption of glucose

d)

Release of aldosterone

37.

Fill in the blank: The third step in the regulation of osmolality is _________.

a)

Water Reabsorption is increased in the kidneys

b)

Glucose is absorbed in the intestines

c)

Oxygen is exchanged in the lungs

d)

Protein synthesis is initiated in the liver

38.

Which specimens can be used for the measurement of osmolality?

a)

Serum or Urine

b)

Plasma

c)

Whole Blood

d)

Saliva

39.

Plasma cannot be used for osmolality measurement because ______ can affect the result.

a)

anticoagulants

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

glucose

40.

Measurement of osmolality uses an instrument called a(n) ______.

a)

osmometer

b)

spectrophotometer

c)

manometer

d)

colorimeter

41.

The most common method for measuring osmolality is:

a)

Vapor pressure depression

b)

Freezing point depression

c)

Boiling point elevation

d)

Osmotic pressure measurement

42.

Osmotically active particles such as glucose, BUN, or sodium increase osmolality, which ______ the freezing point or vapor pressure relative to water.

a)

decreases

b)

increases

c)

does not change

d)

stabilizes

43.

ADH stands for:

a)

Antidiuretic Hormone

b)

Adenosine Dehydrogenase

c)

Adrenaline Hormone

d)

Amino Dihydrate

44.

High plasma osmolality results in increased ADH and thirst, leading to increased water absorption by the kidneys. We hold on to water to _______ the concentration of the blood.

a)

dilute

b)

increase

c)

solidify

d)

thicken

45.

What system largely controls systemic blood pressure?

a)

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

b)

Nervous System

c)

Digestive System

d)

Respiratory System

46.

Low plasma sodium (low osmolality) leads to decreased water retention, decreased overall blood volume, and decreased _________?

a)

blood pressure

b)

heart rate

c)

body temperature

d)

respiratory rate

47.

What initiates the cascade of reactions in response to low plasma sodium or decreased blood pressure?

a)

Secretion of Renin

b)

Secretion of Insulin

c)

Secretion of Aldosterone

d)

Secretion of Adrenaline

48.

Fill in the blank: ________ is detected by the glomerulus when renal blood flow decreases.

a)

Decreased Renal Blood Flow

b)

Increased Glucose Levels

c)

Elevated Blood Calcium

d)

High Urea Concentration

49.

What is secreted in response to decreased renal blood flow detected by the glomerulus?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Renin

c)

ADH

d)

Angiotensin II

50.

Fill in the blank: Renin converts Angiotensin to ________, which then becomes Angiotensin II.

a)

Angiotensin I

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Vasopressin

d)

Cortisol

51.

Which of the following is caused by Angiotensin II?

a)

A) Vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone and ADH

b)

B) Increased retention of sodium

c)

C) Decreased renal blood flow

d)

D) Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

52.

Fill in the blank: Aldosterone causes increased retention of ________ while ADH causes increased retention of ________.

a)

sodium, water

b)

potassium, glucose

c)

calcium, urea

d)

magnesium, chloride

53.

Which of the following is a function of the RAAS system?

a)

Causing vasoconstriction

b)

Increasing heart rate

c)

Decreasing blood glucose

d)

Stimulating insulin release

54.

The RAAS system stimulates the reabsorption of ______ in the proximal convoluted tubules.

a)

sodium

b)

potassium

c)

glucose

d)

calcium

55.

The RAAS system triggers the release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

a)

True

b)

False

56.

The common reason BNP is measured in the laboratory is:

a)

To assess for heart failure

b)

To diagnose diabetes

c)

To check for liver disease

d)

To monitor kidney function

57.

What is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

a)

Potassium

b)

Sodium

c)

Calcium

d)

Magnesium

58.

Sodium concentrations in the ECF are ______ than inside cells.

a)

larger

b)

smaller

c)

equal

d)

unrelated

59.

Which active transport system prevents sodium equilibrium in all cells?

a)

Sodium-potassium pump

b)

ATPase ion pumps

c)

Calcium channels

d)

Proton pumps

60.

What is a basic reference range for sodium in the plasma?

a)

120-130 mmol/L

b)

135-145 mmol/L

c)

150-160 mmol/L

d)

100-110 mmol/L

61.

Name one factor involved in the regulation of sodium in the body.

a)

Intake of water in response to thirst

b)

Amount of sunlight exposure

c)

Rate of hair growth

d)

Level of physical exercise

62.

Sodium is the major extracellular cation.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

List one way the body regulates sodium levels.

a)

Excretion of water

b)

Production of glucose

c)

Absorption of oxygen

d)

Secretion of bile

64.

Regulation of sodium primarily occurs in which organ?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Liver

c)

Lungs

d)

Heart

65.

Approximately what percentage of sodium is reabsorbed in the kidneys?

a)

75%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

90%

66.

Ions move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

How many sodium ions does the Na/K/ATPase pump move out of the cell for every cycle?

a)

3

b)

2

c)

4

d)

1

68.

ADH is triggered by ​ (a)   and causes ​ (b)  

Choose from the below words
high blood osmolarity
water reabsorption
low blood osmolarity
water secretion
69.

Where will the water move?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out - it's isotonic

d)

There is no water

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